Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging

Methods and Applications

1st Edition, Volume 2 - October 27, 2021
Editors: Hao Huang, Timothy Roberts
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 6 6 3 3 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 6 6 4 2 - 0

Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging: Methods and Applications presents state-of-the-art research on pediatric brain image acquisition and analysis from a broad range of imaging mod… Read more

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Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging: Methods and Applications presents state-of-the-art research on pediatric brain image acquisition and analysis from a broad range of imaging modalities, including MRI, EEG and MEG. With rapidly developing methods and applications of MRI, this book strongly emphasizes pediatric brain MRI, elaborating on the sub-categories of structure MRI, diffusion MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI and other MRI methods. It integrates a pediatric brain imaging perspective into imaging acquisition and analysis methods, covering head motion, small brain sizes, small cerebral blood flow of neonates, dynamic cortical gyrification, white matter tract growth, and much more.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of other books in series
Contributors
Section 1: MRI methods
Chapter 1: Special considerations for acquisition of pediatric MRI of high spatial and temporal resolution
Abstract
1: Background
2: Challenges in pediatric neuroimaging and approaches to their mitigation
References
Chapter 2: Frontiers of microstructural imaging with diffusion MRI
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Diffusion weighted MRI sequences
3: Q-space and diffusion displacement probability distribution function
4: Diffusion and kurtosis tensors
5: Diffusion orientation distribution function
6: Fiber orientation density function
7: White matter fiber tractography
8: Other dMRI tissue modeling methods
9: Applications of dMRI to disease and development
10: Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Structural connectomics: Where we are and where we should be?
Abstracts
1: What is connectomics?
2: How are structural connectomes generated?
3: Refining connectomes of underlying biases
4: Enhanced connectomes
5: Harmonization of connectomes
6: Communication paradigms in the brain
7: Can structural connectomes be a fingerprint of a group or an individual: Connectomic consistency?
8: Measures derived from connectomes
9: Connectomics in action
10: Future of connectomics
References
Chapter 4: Resting state functional connectivity in pediatric populations
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pediatric brain imaging
3: Resting state fMRI
4: Resting state fMRI in pediatrics
5: Discussion
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Advanced pCASL pediatric perfusion MRI
Abstract
1: Perfusion and brain development
2: ASL perfusion MRI for neurodevelopmental studies
3: Perfusion of typical brain development
4: Perfusion of neurodevelopmental disorders
5: Limitations and future directions
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Advanced fetal MRI
Abstract
1: Fetal brain MRI
2: Fetal structural MRI
3: Fetal diffusion MRI
4: Fetal functional MRI
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Special MRI (MWI, MTI, G-ratio) methods sensitive to age and development
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Quantitative relaxometry (qT1 & qT2) methods
3: Quantitative relaxometry in pediatric imaging
4: Myelin water and magnetization transfer imaging
5: Multicomponent relaxometry
6: Imaging myelination throughout development
7: G-ratio imaging
Declaration of interests
References
Chapter 8: Multimodal MRI: Applications to early brain development in infants
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Overview of age-related changes in MRI modalities
3: Multimodal MRI to assess the early maturation of brain tissues
4: Multimodal MRI to relate complementary aspects of structural development
5: Multimodal imaging to compare structural and functional development
6: Conclusion and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Pediatric magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy essentials: Water suppression approaches
3: Common aspects: Outer volume suppression
4: Common aspects: Shimming
5: Localization
6: Spectral editing approaches
7: Postprocessing
8: Interpretation
9: Significant discoveries afforded from proton MRS
10: Summary/future directions
References
Chapter 10: Distortion, motion artifacts and how to address them
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Sources of distortion and “drop-out”
3: Mitigating distortion
4: Sources of motion artifacts
5: Mitigating motion artifacts
6: Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Section 2: MRI Postprocessing
Chapter 11: Pediatric brain atlases and parcellations
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Anatomical features of the pediatric brain and the effect of image transformation
3: Developmental change in image contrast
4: Proportion of the brain
5: Surface of the brain
6: Anatomical variation
7: Age-specific anatomical structures
8: Future directions
9: Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12: Segmentation with varying contrasts of pediatric MRI
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Dataset and image preprocessing
3: Methods
4: Experiments
5: Discussions and conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Surface-based analysis of the developing cerebral cortex
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Cortical surface reconstruction, representation, and measurement
3: Cortical surface registration, parcellation, modeling, and atlas construction
4: Publicly available tools and atlases
5: Discussion and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14: Connectome and graph analysis of the developing brain
Abstract
1: Brain connectome and graph theory
2: Maturation of structural brain connectome
3: Maturation of functional brain connectomes
4: Maturation of the coupling between structural and functional connectomes
5: Maturation of the individual variability in brain connectomes
6: Atypical early development of the brain connectomes
7: Methodological issues
8: Concluding remarks
References
Section 3: Electrophysiology
Chapter 15: MEG systems for young children and recent developments of pediatric MEG
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pediatric MEG facilities
3: Experimental procedures
4: MEG data analysis
5: Localization of the irritative zone in children with DRE
6: Localization of somatosensory and motor areas in TD children
7: Discussion
References
Chapter 16: MEG insights into brain development
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Development of cortical auditory processing
3: Development of speech and language processing
4: Development of cortical somatosensory processing
5: Effects of preterm birth and other prenatal insults on the developing brain
6: Conclusion and future directions
References
Chapter 17: MEG studies of children
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: MEG studies of children with epilepsy
3: MEG studies of children with ASD
4: MEG studies in children with language disorders
5: MEG studies in children with ADHD
6: Points to consider for young children
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 18: A state-of-the-art methodological review of pediatric EEG
Abstract
1: Introduction to pediatric EEG
2: MRI-compatible cortical source localization in pediatric EEG research
3: EEG functional connectivity and brain network measures for children
4: ssVEP in pediatric EEG research
5: Conclusion
References
Section 4: Imaging development and disorders thereof
Chapter 19: Imaging early brain structural and functional development
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Early brain structural development
3: Early brain development with diffusion MRI and beyond
4: Early brain functional development
5: Structural and functional connectome of early brain development
6: Early brain metabolic and physiological development
7: Current issues and limitations
8: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20: Neuroimaging of early brain development and the consequences of preterm birth
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Neuroimaging methods for studying the early developing brain
3: Neuroimaging of early brain development in prematurely born infants
4: Application of neuroimaging for neurodevelopmental and socio-emotional outcomes
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 21: Risk of abnormal outcomes based on basic and advanced MRI measurements
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Preterm birth
3: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy/neonatal encephalopathy
4: Perinatal stroke
5: Congenital heart disease
6: Neurodevelopmental disorders
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Neuroimaging of perinatal brain disorders
Abstract
1: Congenital disorders of the central nervous system
2: Disorders related to prematurity
3: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
4: Total maturation score
References
Chapter 23: Current status of neuroimaging of pediatric neurological disorders
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Brain tumors
3: Headache/migraine
4: Hydrocephalus
5: Epilepsy
6: Inflammatory disorders of the white matter
7: Cerebrovascular disorders
8: Infections
9: Metabolic disorders
10: Summary
References
Chapter 24: Leveraging multi-modal neuroimaging for normal brain development and pediatric brain disorders
Abstract
Index

Hao Huang

Hao Huang, PhD, Professor, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Director, Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices, Liaoning Province; Director, Experimental Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Doctorate in 2001-2005 from Changwon National University, Korea; In 2003, he worked as a member of the Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) and the United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Composite Cooperation Research Group. He joined the Dalian University of Technology in 2005 and taught the doctoral course 'Energy Materials and Devices' for many years. In 2018, He established the Key Laboratory of Energy Materials & Devices (Liaoning Province). Professor Hao Huang has been committed to the research on the basic science and application technology of energy storage nanomaterials, which has brought breakthroughs to the bottleneck problems in the field of new energy materials, mainly including: (1) Macro fabrication and fine micro-structure control of nanoparticles. He designed the mass production equipment of nanoparticles by arc discharge method. The macro fabrication of multi-type nanoparticles is realized. He clarified the growth mechanism of nanoparticles in the plasmatic environment, and established the structure-activity relationship between the structural characteristics and electrochemical performance. (2) high-density and long-term energy storage of the nanoparticles. The core-shell nanostructure was designed to prevent the pulverization failure caused by volume expansion of the electrode nanomaterials during cyclic energy storage. (3) Correlation between the defect/surface structure of nanoparticles and the electrochemical reactions. The first-principles calculation and experiments are effectively combined to investigate the correlation between the defect/surface structure characteristics of nanoparticles and electrochemical reactions, providing an accurate scientific basis and effective data for the design and screening of new electrode materials. The author published 3 books including “Key Materials for High-Performance Battery” (Science Press, China), and reported 108 academic papers in academic journals. The research results have been highly affirmed and recognized by experts in this field and research institutions. Over the past decade, more than 100 Ph.D and MA. students have been graduated from his lab and obtained important positions in the industries of advanced energy materials.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Materials Science and Engineering and Director, Experimental Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Director, Key Laboratory of Energy Materials and Devices, Liaoning Province, China

Timothy Roberts

Dr. Timothy Roberts is holder of the Oberkircher Family Chair in Pediatric Radiology and Vice-chair of Research in the Dept. of Radiology at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and a tenured Professor of Radiology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his PhD in MRI from Cambridge University in 1992. He has spent his career developing multimodal imaging and electrophysiological techniques for application to neurologic and psychiatric disorders. He has published over 300 peer-reviewed manuscripts in the field of functional and physiological imaging and has served as a grant reviewer for national funding agencies in more than a dozen countries. He serves as an Associate Editor for Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience and has been recognized as a Distinguished Investigator of the Academy of Radiology Research (2016) and elected, in the inaugural class, as a Fellow of the American Society of Functional Neuroradiology (ASFNR) in 2019. He is a past president of the International Society for Clinical Magnetoencephalography (ISACM) as well as the ASFNR and has served on various committees of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR).

Affiliations and expertise

Oberkircher Family Chair of Pediatric Radiology and Vice-Chair of Research, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA

Life Sciences

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