Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas
- 1st Edition - October 15, 2013
- Imprint: Gulf Professional Publishing
- Authors: Saeid Mokhatab, John Y. Mak, Jaleel V. Valappil, David A. Wood
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 9 9 9 6 - 4
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 4 5 8 5 - 9
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 4 6 4 5 - 0
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a commercially attractive phase of the commodity that facilitates the efficient handling and transportation of natural gas around the world. The LN… Read more
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Request a sales quoteLiquefied natural gas (LNG) is a commercially attractive phase of the commodity that facilitates the efficient handling and transportation of natural gas around the world. The LNG industry, using technologies proven over decades of development, continues to expand its markets, diversify its supply chains and increase its share of the global natural gas trade. The Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas is a timely book as the industry is currently developing new large sources of supply and the technologies have evolved in recent years to enable offshore infrastructure to develop and handle resources in more remote and harsher environments. It is the only book of its kind, covering the many aspects of the LNG supply chain from liquefaction to regasification by addressing the LNG industries’ fundamentals and markets, as well as detailed engineering and design principles. A unique, well-documented, and forward-thinking work, this reference book provides an ideal platform for scientists, engineers, and other professionals involved in the LNG industry to gain a better understanding of the key basic and advanced topics relevant to LNG projects in operation and/or in planning and development.
- Highlights the developments in the natural gas liquefaction industries and the challenges in meeting environmental regulations
- Provides guidelines in utilizing the full potential of LNG assets
- Offers advices on LNG plant design and operation based on proven practices and design experience
- Emphasizes technology selection and innovation with focus on a “fit-for-purpose” design
- Updates code and regulation, safety, and security requirements for LNG applications
Professional LNG process engineers and technologists, LNG plant designers and operators, scientists and researchers working in the LNG industry
Chapter 1. LNG Fundamentals
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Monetizing stranded gas
1.3 LNG characteristics
1.4 Traditional LNG supply chain
1.5 Offshore LNG supply chain
1.6 LNG environmental aspects
1.7 Costs and economic implications of LNG facilities
1.8 LNG contracts and project development
1.9 LNG trade
References
Chapter 2. Gas Conditioning and NGL Recovery Technologies
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 LNG production plants
References
Chapter 3. Natural Gas Liquefaction
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Natural gas liquefaction technology
3.3 Offshore natural gas liquefaction
References
Chapter 4. Energy and Exergy Analyses of Natural Gas Liquefaction Cycles
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Refrigeration/liquefaction cycle principles
4.3 Refrigerant selections
4.4 Fundamentals of energy and exergy analysis
4.5 Energy and exergy analyses of natural gas liquefaction cycles
References
Chapter 5. Natural Gas Liquefaction Cycle Enhancements and Optimization
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Natural gas liquefaction cycle enhancement types
5.3 Energy consumption enhancement options by recovering process losses and waste heat
5.4 Brief introduction to optimization
5.5 Liquefaction cycle optimization
5.6 Driver cycle optimization
5.7 Mobile LNG plants optimal design challenges
References
Chapter 6. Process Control and Automation of LNG Plants and Import Terminals
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Objectives of LNG plant automation
6.3 LNG plant process control/automation development and functionalities
6.4 Process control of key units in LNG plants
6.5 Advanced process control and optimization of LNG plants
6.6 Process control and automation in LNG import terminals
6.7 Case study 1: advanced process control for APCI C3MR LNG process
References
Chapter 7. LNG Plant and Regasification Terminal Operations
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 LNG plant normal operation
7.3 General startup sequence
7.4 LNG plant startup
7.5 LNG plant shutdown
7.6 Performance and acceptance test
7.7 LNG regasification terminal normal operation
7.8 LNG regasification terminal startup
7.9 LNG regasification terminal shutdown
References
Chapter 8. Dynamic Simulation and Optimization of LNG Plants and Import Terminals
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Life cycle dynamic simulation of LNG plants and import terminals
8.3 Dynamic modeling of LNG plants
8.4 Applications of dynamic simulation in LNG
8.5 Dynamic simulation of LNG import terminals
References
Chapter 9. LNG Safety and Security Aspects
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hazards associated with LNG plants
9.3 Safety features of LNG facilities
9.4 LNG risk analysis and controls
9.5 LNG security
References
Chapter 10. Advances and Innovations in LNG Industry
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Innovations in LNG liquefaction
10.3 LNG regasification
References
Chapter 11. LNG Project Management
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Project management sequence
11.3 Success of engineering and design
11.4 Sponsor–contractor relationships
11.5 Defining business and project objectives
11.6 The project charter
11.7 Project risk assessments and risk management plans
11.8 Pre-FEED or conceptual risks
11.9 Key project management considerations for LNG projects
11.10 Scenario-based risk assessment
11.11 Technical and extreme risks (engineering and design)
11.12 Hazards and operability (HAZOP) studies
11.13 Project execution risks
11.14 Additional specific precommissioning risk assessments
11.15 Focusing planning stages on constructability
11.16 Developing a project constructability program
11.17 Project cost, schedule estimating, and modeling
11.18 Quality assurance, control, and inspection
11.19 Technology verification and risk-based verification
11.20 Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracts
11.21 EPC contractor selection and design competitions
11.22 Project management case study: Peru LNG
11.23 Ensuring continuity from project construction to plant operations
11.24 Integrated approaches to achieve high standards of performance
11.25 Conclusions
References
Appendix 1. An LNG Primer: Basic Facts, Safety and Security Clarifications
A1.1 Background of LNG
A1.2 LNG supply chain
A1.3 LNG regasification terminals
A1.4 Seismic design requirements
A1.5 LNG’s safety records
A1.6 LNG carriers
A1.7 LNG spills
A1.8 Security for LNG facilities and ships
A1.9 Risk of terrorism adds new dimension to LNG safety risk
References
Appendix 2. Modeling the Phase Behavior of LNG Systems with Equations of State
A2.1 Introduction
A2.2 Thermodynamics and topography of the phase behavior of LNG systems
A2.3 Numerical procedures for calculating the multiphase equilibrium
A2.4 Calculation of critical points at constant composition
A2.5 Calculation of K- and LCST-points at constant temperature
A2.6 Calculation of phase envelopes
A2.7 Thermodynamic models
A2.8 Examples of application
References
Appendix 3. LNG Plant Relief and Flare Systems Design Guideline
A3.1 Introduction
A3.2 Flare and relief design considerations
A3.3 Relief scenarios
A3.4 Plant failure causes
A3.5 Equipment or operation failure
A3.6 Operator intervention
A3.7 Operation relieves
A3.8 Design pressure
A3.9 Design temperature
A3.10 Other design considerationsIndex
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 15, 2013
- Imprint: Gulf Professional Publishing
- No. of pages: 624
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128099964
- Hardback ISBN: 9780124045859
- eBook ISBN: 9780124046450
SM
Saeid Mokhatab
Saeid Mokhatab is an internationally renowned process expert in the fields of natural gas transmission and processing. Over the past two decades, he has been actively involved in different phases of several large-scale projects in the natural gas midstream sector, from conceptual design through facilities startup and operational support. He has also provided consulting services and expert guidance to a number of pioneering technology-based and operating companies in Canada and Europe. He has made significant contributions to his areas of expertise through four reference books (published by Elsevier in the United States) and more than 300 technical papers, many of which have been coauthored with leading experts from the largest international engineering companies and prominent process licensors. To bridge the gap between engineering and the science of natural gas, he founded Elsevier’s peer-reviewed “Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering” which has become a leading publication in the field. He has been an editorial contributor for the 14th edition of the GPSA Engineering Data Book, and has served on the editorial or advisory boards of several other notable publications pertaining to the midstream business. He is a lifetime member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and has served that organization in various capacities, including as a member of the Distinguished Achievement for Petroleum Engineering Faculty Award Committee and a member of the Projects, Facilities & Construction Award Committee. He has also been active in other professional organizations, including the Gas Processors Association Europe (GPAE) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He has delivered several invited lectures and short courses for both commercial and academic institutions, and has served on the technical program and advisory committees of many acclaimed midstream gas conferences worldwide.
Affiliations and expertise
Consultant – Natural Gas Midstream Industry, Arendal, NorwayJM
John Y. Mak
John Y. Mak is a Senior Fellow and Technical Director at Fluor, the United States, and leads the technology and design development for Fluor chemical and energy division. He is the technical expert and SME with Fluor for over 40 years and has been leading major oil and gas, petrochemical and refinery projects from conceptual designs, feasibility studies, FEED development, detailed engineering, to plant start-up and performance testing. John has made contributions to innovations in natural gas treating and processing, NGL recovery, LNG liquefaction and regasification, synthesis gas purification, and carbon capture methods. John is the co-author of the Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas, first edition (2013) published by Elsevier, the United States. He has published over 80 technical papers and has frequently presented his findings at technical conferences such as GPA Midstream Convention, GPA Europe, Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference, LNG Summit, Offshore Technology Conference, GASTECH, and China Coal Forum. John is the inventor of over 90 patents and patent pending processes. John is specializing in more complex NGL recovery designs for conventional and unconventional gases, treating high CO2 content gases using physical solvents, acid gas removal with amines, cryogenic nitrogen rejection and helium recovery.
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Fellow and Technical Director, Fluor, USAJV
Jaleel V. Valappil
Jaleel V. Valappil is a senior engineering specialist with Bechtel Oil, Gas & Chemicals in Houston, TX, USA. He has several years of experience in process simulation, advanced process control and optimization of various processes including LNG. Before joining Bechtel, he was a senior consulting engineer with the Advanced Control Services Group of Aspen Technology Inc., where he was responsible for developing and implementing advanced control and optimization solutions for a variety of processes. He has worked extensively on developing and deploying process simulation models for applications in design, engineering, and operations of LNG plant built by Bechtel in collaboration with Conoco Phillips over the years. He identified the benefits of lifecycle modeling for LNG plants and its use for plant design, operability/controllability studies, startup simulations and Operator Training Simulators, multi-train LNG facility debottlenecking and operational troubleshooting. Dr. Valappil has also developed and deployed Advanced Process Control technology for LNG processes, for plants in engineering stage and plants that are already operating. He has published several papers on LNG plant simulation and control in both industry conferences and journals and holds patents related to LNG plant control and turbo-machinery operation.
Affiliations and expertise
Jaleel V. Valappil is a senior engineering specialist with Bechtel Oil, Gas & Chemicals in Houston, TX, USADW
David A. Wood
David A. Wood has more than forty years of international gas, oil, and broader energy experience since gaining his Ph.D. in geosciences from Imperial College London in the 1970s. His expertise covers multiple fields including subsurface geoscience and engineering relating to oil and gas exploration and production, energy supply chain technologies, and efficiencies. For the past two decades, David has worked as an independent international consultant, researcher, training provider, and expert witness. He has published an extensive body of work on geoscience, engineering, energy, and machine learning topics. He currently consults and conducts research on a variety of technical and commercial aspects of energy and environmental issues through his consultancy, DWA Energy Limited. He has extensive editorial experience as a founding editor of Elsevier’s Journal of Natural Gas Science & Engineering in 2008/9 then serving as Editor-in-Chief from 2013 to 2016. He is currently Co-Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Geo-Energy Research.
Affiliations and expertise
Owner/Consultant, DWA Energy Limited, UKRead Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas on ScienceDirect