Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice

Introduction17 Flotation of Gold Ores 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Geology and General Mineralogy of Gold-Bearing Ores 17.3 Flotation Properties of Gold Minerals and Factors Affecting Floatability 17.4 Flotation of Low-Sulphide-Containing Gold Ores 17.5 Flotation of Gold-Containing Mercury/Antimony Ores 17.6 Flotation of Carbonaceous Clay-Containing Gold Ores 17.6.1 Preflotation of carbonaceous gangue and carbon 17.6.2 Two-stage flotation method 17.6.3 Nitrogen atmosphere flotation method 17.7 Flotation of Gold-Containing Copper Ores 17.8 Flotation of Oxide Copper–Gold Ores 17.9 Flotation of Gold–Antimony Ores 17.10 Flotation of Arsenical Gold Ores 17.11 Flotation of Gold From Base Metal Sulphide Ores 17.11.1 Gold-containing lead-zinc ores 17.11.2 Copper-zinc gold-containing ores 17.11.3 Gold-containing copper-lead-zinc ores 17.12 Conclusions References18 Flotation of Platinum Group Metal Ores 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Minerals and Classification of PGM Ores 18.3 Description of PGM-Dominated Deposits 18.3.1 Morensky-type deposits 18.3.2 Hydrothermal deposits 18.3.3 Placer deposits 18.4 Effect of Mineralogy on Recovery of Platinum Group Minerals 18.4.1 Ores amenable to gravity preconcentration 18.4.2 Ores amenable to flotation 18.5 Copper-Nickel and Nickel Sulphide Deposits with PGM as a By-Product 18.5.1 The Sudbury area in Ontario, Canada 18.5.2 The Norilsk Talnakh ore in Russia 18.5.3 Pechenga Cala Peninsula (USSR) 18.5.4 Other deposits 18.6 Chromium Deposits with PGM 18.7 Flotation of PGM-Containing Ores 18.7.1 Introduction 18.7.2 Flotation properties of PGM from sulphide-dominated deposits 18.7.3 Reagent practice in flotation of PGM sulphide-dominated ores 18.7.4 Reagent practice in flotation of Cu–Ni and Ni ores with PGM as the by-product 18.7.5 Reagent practice in flotation of PGM from chromium-containing ores 18.7.6 Flotation of oxide PGM ores 18.8 Plant Practice in Treatment of PGM Ores 18.8.1 Flowsheets for treatment of sulphide-dominated PGM ores 18.8.2 Flowsheets for treatment of Cu–Ni-containing PGM ores 18.8.3 Flowsheet used for treatment of high-chromium PGM-containing ores 18.9 Reagent Schemes Used to Treat PGM-Containing Ores References19 Flotation of Oxide Copper and Copper Cobalt Ores 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Oxide Copper Ores and Minerals 19.3 Flotation Properties of the Individual Copper Minerals and Mixtures 19.4 Cobalt and Copper Cobalt Oxide Ores 19.5 Flotation Practice in Beneficiation of Oxide Copper Minerals 19.5.1 Sulphidization flotation method 19.6 Industrial Practice in Flotation of Oxide Copper and Copper-Cobalt Ores 19.6.1 Kolwezi concentrator (Kongo) – Oxide siliceous ore 19.6.2 Industrial practice in beneficiation of dolomitic oxide ores 19.7 Industrial Practice in Beneficiation of Mixed Sulphide Oxide Ores References20 Flotation of Mixed Lead Zinc Sulphide Oxide and Oxide Lead and Zinc Ores 20.1 Some Geological and Mineralogical Features of Mixed Sulphide Oxide and Oxide Lead Zinc Ores 20.1.1 Mixed sulphide oxide lead zinc ores 20.1.2 Oxide lead ores 20.1.3 Zinc oxide ores 20.2 Flotation Properties of Individual Oxide Lead Zinc Minerals of Economic Importance 20.2.1 Oxide lead and zinc minerals of economic value 20.2.2 Flotation properties of oxide lead minerals 20.2.3 Flotation properties of oxide zinc minerals 20.3 Practices in the Beneficiation of Mixed and Oxide Lead Zinc Ores 20.3.1 Reagent scheme and plant practice for beneficiation of mixed sulphide oxide ores 20.3.2 Practices in beneficiation of oxide zinc ores 20.3.3 Flotation of oxide lead silver ore References21 Flotation of Tin Minerals 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Mineral Composition of Various Tin Ores 21.3 Brief Description of Tin Deposits 21.4 Beneficiation of Tin Ores 21.4.1 Gravity beneficiation method 21.4.2 Combination of gravity–flotation tin beneficiation method (lodge deposits) 21.4.3 Flotation 21.5 Practices in Beneficiation of Tin-Containing Ores 21.5.1 Factors effecting selection of treatment process 21.5.2 Development work and operation of cassiterite flotation plants References22 Flotation of Niobium 22.1 Introduction 22.2 General Overview of Pyrochlore-Containing Ores 22.3 Flotation Properties of Pyrochlore 22.3.1 Flotation of pyrochlore from carbonatite ores 22.3.2 Flotation of pyrochlore from pegmatitic ores 22.4 Refractory Niobium Ores 22.5 Plant Practices in Beneficiation of Pyrochlore Ores 22.5.1 St. Honore Niobec operation 22.5.2 Oka operating plant References23 Flotation of Tantalum/Niobium Ores 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Characteristics of Ta/Nb Minerals of Economic Value 23.3 Geological and Mineralogical Features of Ta/Nb Ores 23.4 Flotation Characteristics of Tantalite–Columbite Minerals 23.5 Practices in Beneficiation of Ta/Nb Ores 23.5.1 Introduction 23.5.2 Gravity concentration 23.6 Flotation 23.6.1 Background 23.6.2 Bernic Lake Ta/Nb flotation from gravity tails 23.6.3 Flotation of Ta/Nb from Greenbushes gravity tailing 23.7 Beneficiation of Ta/Nb Ores Containing Zircon 23.7.1 Development of a beneficiation process for Ta/Nb recovery from Ghurayyah ore – Saudi Arabia 23.7.2 Beneficiation studies 23.7.3 Separation of Ta/Nb and Zr 23.8 Beneficiation of Ta/Nb Ore from Malawi, Africa 23.8.1 Experimental development testwork using alternative collectors 23.8.2 Effect of different depressant systems on Ta/Nb flotation 23.8.3 The treatment flowsheet, reagent additions and metallurgical results 23.9 Ta/Nb–Zr Separation from the Bulk Concentrate 23.10 Ta/Nb Separation from Refractory Tin Gravity Intermediate Products 23.10.1 Fe-hydroxide decoating 23.10.2 Ta/Nb–Zr separation References24 Flotation of REO Minerals 24.1 Ore and Minerals Containing Rare Earth Oxide Elements (REOE) 24.2 Flotation Properties of Cerium Group of REOE Minerals 24.2.1 Flotation properties of monazite and bastnaesite 24.2.2 Flotation properties of REO-containing yttrium 24.3 Flotation Practices and Research Work on Beneficiation of REO Minerals 24.3.1 Introduction 24.3.2 Flotation practice in the beneficiation of bastnaesite-containing ores 24.3.3 Flotation practices in beneficiation of monazite References25 Flotation of Titanium Minerals 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Titanium-Bearing Ores and Minerals 25.2.1 Ilmenite 25.2.2 Ilmenorutile 25.2.3 Rutile 25.2.4 Perovskite 25.2.5 Leucoxene 25.3 Classification of Titanium Deposits 25.3.1 Rock deposits 25.3.2 Sand deposits of titanium minerals 25.4 Flotation Properties of Major Titanium Minerals 25.4.1 Flotation properties of ilmenite 25.4.2 Flotation properties of rutile 25.4.3 Flotation properties of perovskite 25.5 Practices in Beneficiation of Titanium Ores 25.5.1 Practices in beneficiation of ilmenite ores using flotation 25.5.2 Beneficiation of apatite–ilmenite ores (Sept Iles Mine, Canada) 25.5.3 Ilmenite production from heavy mineral sands and chromium problems 25.6 Practices in Rutile Flotation 25.6.1 Development and operation of zircon flotation at sierra rutile limited 25.6.2 Rutile flotation from hard rock ore 25.6.3 White Mountain titanium (Chile) ReferencesIndex