Handbook of Biofuels

1st Edition - October 31, 2021
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: Sanjay Sahay
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 8 1 0 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 1 3 3 - 3

Handbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond in… Read more

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Handbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond introducing current approaches and possible future directions of research, this title covers sources and processing of raw materials to downstream processing, constraints involved and research approaches to address and overcome these needs. Different combinations of products from the biorefinery are included, along with the material to answer questions surrounding the optimum process conditions for conversion of different feedstocks to bioenergy, the basis for choosing conversion technology, and what bioenergy products make economic sense.

With chapters on the techno-economic analysis of biofuel production and concepts and step-by-step approaches in bioenergy processing, the objective of this book is to present a comprehensive and all-encompassing reference about bioenergy to students, teachers, researchers and professionals.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
Part A: Introduction
Chapter 1. An economic analysis of biofuels: policies, trade, and employment opportunities
Abstract
1.1 Introduction and the current scenario
1.2 Issues and limitations related to biofuel production: first- versus next-generation biofuels
1.3 Biofuel policies in action
1.4 International trade of biofuels
1.5 Poverty, welfare, and employment aspects of biofuel production
1.6 Concluding comments
References
Further reading
Chapter 2. Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production with special reference to a downstream process
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Necessity of biofuels
2.3 Different tools for technoeconomic analysis
2.4 Different process for downstream separation of bio-EtOH
2.5 Case study: PI achieved using novel multistaged membrane scheme for biofuels production
2.6 Conclusion
References
Part B: Bioenergy: Potential feedstock
Chapter 3. Plants: a sustainable platform for second-generation biofuels and biobased chemicals
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biomass composition and primary platform chemicals
3.3 Biotechnological approaches to improve plants for various applications
References
Chapter 4. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Potential natural energy plants (crops)
4.3 Biomass feedstocks for biorefinery use
4.4 Genetic applications to improve productivity
4.5 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5. Algal biorefinery: technoeconomic analysis
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microalgae
5.3 Microalgal biorefinery
5.4 Technoeconomic analysis
5.5 Analytical tools
5.6 Case study
5.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Tapping wastewater resource: why and how?
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Wastewater treatment and resource recovery
6.3 Wastewater–energy nexus
6.4 Nutrients recovery from wastewater
6.5 Emerging wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery technologies
6.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7. Food wastes/residues: Valuable source of energy in circular economy
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Circular economy in bioenergy
7.3 Sources of food wastes, global status, and their energy values
7.4 Food waste to bioenergy production
7.5 Techniques for the production of bioenergy
7.6 Value-added products from food wastes
7.7 Future perspectives
7.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Part C: Bioethanol: 2G and 3G
Chapter 8. Biorefinery involving terrestrial and marine lignocellulosics: concept, potential, and current status
Abstract
8.1 Biorefinery: an emerging concept
8.2 Biomass for biorefineries: availability, cost, and supply logistics
8.3 Biorefinery technologies for energy security and renewable chemicals: concept, potential, and current status
8.4 Challenges in accomplishing the goal
8.5 Environmental impact of biorefineries
8.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9. Decongestion of lignocellulosics: a critical assessment of physicochemical approaches
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Lignocellulose structure
9.3 Physical and chemical pretreatment methods
9.4 Physicochemical methods
9.5 Conclusion and future directions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 10. Deconstruction of lignocelluloses: potential biological approaches
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Physicochemical features of LCB
10.3 Need for pretreatment
10.4 Available pretreatment methods
10.5 Nonbiological versus biological pretreatment methods
10.6 Objectives of biological pretreatment
10.7 Tools of biological pretreatment
10.8 Biological approaches to pretreat LCB (Fig. 10.3)
10.9 Importance of biological approaches
10.10 Factors affecting biological pretreatment
10.11 Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 11. Lignin: value addition is key to profitable biomass biorefinery
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Lignocellulose biomass compositions
11.3 Sources and types of lignin
11.4 Lignin fragmentation
11.5 Biological processing of lignin
11.6 Current application of lignin
11.7 The economic perspective of lignin
11.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Downstream process: toward cost/energy effectiveness
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Selection of economical feedstocks
12.3 Novel approaches for biomass utilization for Bio-EtOH production
12.4 Tradition routes used for the production of biofuels
12.5 Different traditional routes of downstream processing of bio-EtOH and their limitations
12.6 Potential of novel membrane-based separation technology
12.7 Downstream processing using membrane-based separation technology
12.8 A novel concept of a membrane-integrated hybrid system for downstream processing
12.9 Conclusions and prospects
References
Chapter 13. Process integration: hurdles and approaches to overcome
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Reaction improvements leading to reduced energy consumption
13.3 Heat recovery in bioethanol processes
13.4 Thermal integration of distillation columns
13.5 Combined heat and power
13.6 Process development challenges
13.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Community-level second-generation bioethanol plant: a case study focused on a safety issue
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The case study: the bioethanol production plant
14.3 Hazards related to bioethanol: the flammability
14.4 Pool fire: predictive models of thermal radiation
14.5 The case study: pool fire deriving from pump leakage
14.6 Bioethanol pool fire: results and discussion
14.7 Conclusions
List of abbreviations
References
Chapter 15. Third-generation bioethanol: status, scope, and challenges
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Bioethanol production from algal biomass
15.3 Case study: bioethanol from Enteromorpha intestinalis
15.4 Economic prospects of macroalgae biorefinery
15.5 Scope for further research
15.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Part D: Biobutanol: Renewed interest
Chapter 16. Biobutanol, the forgotten biofuel candidate: latest research and future directions
Abstract
16.1 Advantages of biobutanol production
16.2 Microbial producers
16.3 Feedstocks for butanol production
16.4 Strain improvement
16.5 Process improvement
16.6 Conclusions
References
Part E: Biodiesel: Potential sources and prospect
Chapter 17. Algal biodiesel: technology, hurdles, and future directions
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biodiesel
17.3 Technologies for biodiesel production
17.4 Solvents used for oil extraction
17.5 Hurdles
17.6 Future prospects
References
Chapter 18. Microbial biodiesel: a comprehensive study toward sustainable biofuel production
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Fundamentals of biodiesel processing techniques
18.3 Microbial lipid synthesis using various types of oleaginous microorganisms
18.4 Summary and future prospects
References
Chapter 19. Assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit—a potential alternative for sustainable future
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Biodiesel production methodology
19.3 Commercial-level biodiesel units
19.4 Farm-level biodiesel units
19.5 Life cycle assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit
19.6 Case studies conducted across the globe for analysis of the feasibility of farm-level biodiesel production units
19.7 Future prospective and challenges
References
Part F: Biohydrogen: The cleanest fuel
Chapter 20. Biohydrogen: potential applications, approaches, and hurdles to overcome
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Various feedstocks for biohydrogen
20.3 Biohydrogen generation from biophotolysis
20.4 Potential applications of biohydrogen
20.5 Challenges associated with biohydrogen
20.6 Approaches to overcome the challenges related to biohydrogen
20.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 21. Biological routes of hydrogen production: a critical assessment
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Mechanism of biological H2 production
21.3 Routes of biohydrogen production
21.4 Substrates as feedstocks for biohydrogen
21.5 Technical challenges of biological routes
21.6 Strategies to enhance microbial hydrogen production
21.7 Future perspectives and conclusion
References
Chapter 22. Thermochemical routes applying biomass: a critical assessment
Abstract
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Circular economy approach to sustainability
22.3 Thermochemical valorization processes for biomass
22.4 Challenges and future prospects
22.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 23. Splitting of water: biological and non-biological approaches
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Hydrogen production
23.3 Application of nanotechnology in hydrogen production
23.4 Water-splitting approaches
23.5 Biological approaches
23.6 Non-biological approaches
23.7 Conclusion and future aspects
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
References
Part G: Biogas: The decentralised fuel
Chapter 24. Decentralized biogas plants: status, prospects, and challenges
Abstract
24.1 Introduction
24.2 The role of renewable energy
24.3 Biogas formation process
24.4 Factors controlling anaerobic digestion
24.5 Anaerobic digesters
24.6 Types of organic matter used as feedstock to biodigesters
24.7 Biogas technology overview and status
24.8 The history of biogas
24.9 Potential of small-scale biogas plants to improve livelihood
24.10 Challenges to biogas commercialization in developing countries (e.g., African countries) and possible measures
24.11 Challenges of small-scale digesters penetration
24.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 25. Biogas: microbiological research to enhance efficiency and regulation
Abstract
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Conceptual framework
25.3 Process parameters
25.4 Practices to enhance efficiency and regulation of anaerobic digestion
25.5 Research and development agenda for enhancing efficiency and regulation of AD
25.6 Conclusion
References
Part H: Syngas
Chapter 26. Biogas technology implementation in rural areas: a case study of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Abstract
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Objectives
26.3 Study area
26.4 Methods
26.5 Findings
26.6 Challenges of biogas technology penetration in rural areas
26.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 27. A biotechnological overview of syngas fermentation
Abstract
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Syngas as feedstock
27.3 Syngas fermentation
27.4 Conclusion
References
Part I: Bioelectricity
Chapter 28. Biofuel cell: existing formats, production level, constraints, and potential uses
Abstract
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Production levels of bioelectricity through microbial fuel cells
28.3 Production levels of hydrogen and other fuels employing microbial electrolysis cells
28.4 Biofuel production level using microbial carbon-capture cells and microbial electrosynthesis cells
28.5 Potential uses of MET
28.6 Major constraints and future outlook
28.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 29. Enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells: current developments and future directions
Abstract
29.1 Introduction
29.2 A brief history of biofuel cell development
29.3 Types of biofuel cells
29.4 Characteristics of enzymatic and microbial fuel cells
29.5 Recent development and new approaches in enzymatic as well as microbial fuel cell
29.6 Application and challenges
29.7 Future aspect of biofuel cells
References
Chapter 30. Biomass-based electrification
Abstract
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Advantages of biomass-based electrification
30.3 Primary routes for biomass-based electrification
30.4 Economics of biomass-based electrification
30.5 Biomass-based electrification in India: prospects and challenges
30.6 Conclusions
References
Part J: New directions
Chapter 31. Nanotechnological interventions in biofuel production
Abstract
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Production around the globe
31.3 Biofuel production
31.4 Challenges in biofuel production
31.5 Nanotechnology in biofuel production
31.6 Nanocellulose in biofuel production
31.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
Chapter 32. Carbon dioxide capture for biofuel production
Abstract
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Carbon capture and storage
32.3 Microbial application for biofuels
32.4 Carbon dioxide capture using microalgae
32.5 Carbon concentrating mechanism
32.6 Biofuels
32.7 Value-added products
32.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
References
Chapter 33. Solar intervention in bioenergy
Abstract
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Solar intervention in biodiesel production
33.3 Solar intervention in bioethanol production
33.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 34. The pursuits of solar application for biofuel generation
Abstract
34.1 Introduction
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Handbook of Biofuels

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