
Handbook of Biofuels
- 1st Edition - October 31, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: Sanjay Sahay
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 8 1 0 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 1 3 3 - 3
Handbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond in… Read more

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Request a sales quoteHandbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond introducing current approaches and possible future directions of research, this title covers sources and processing of raw materials to downstream processing, constraints involved and research approaches to address and overcome these needs. Different combinations of products from the biorefinery are included, along with the material to answer questions surrounding the optimum process conditions for conversion of different feedstocks to bioenergy, the basis for choosing conversion technology, and what bioenergy products make economic sense.
With chapters on the techno-economic analysis of biofuel production and concepts and step-by-step approaches in bioenergy processing, the objective of this book is to present a comprehensive and all-encompassing reference about bioenergy to students, teachers, researchers and professionals.
- Reviews all existing and emerging technologies surrounding the production of advanced biofuels, including biodiesel and bioethanol
- Includes biofuel applications with compatible global application case studies
- Offers new pathways for converting biomass
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Part A: Introduction
- Chapter 1. An economic analysis of biofuels: policies, trade, and employment opportunities
- Abstract
- 1.1 Introduction and the current scenario
- 1.2 Issues and limitations related to biofuel production: first- versus next-generation biofuels
- 1.3 Biofuel policies in action
- 1.4 International trade of biofuels
- 1.5 Poverty, welfare, and employment aspects of biofuel production
- 1.6 Concluding comments
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 2. Technoeconomic analysis of biofuel production with special reference to a downstream process
- Abstract
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Necessity of biofuels
- 2.3 Different tools for technoeconomic analysis
- 2.4 Different process for downstream separation of bio-EtOH
- 2.5 Case study: PI achieved using novel multistaged membrane scheme for biofuels production
- 2.6 Conclusion
- References
- Part B: Bioenergy: Potential feedstock
- Chapter 3. Plants: a sustainable platform for second-generation biofuels and biobased chemicals
- Abstract
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Biomass composition and primary platform chemicals
- 3.3 Biotechnological approaches to improve plants for various applications
- References
- Chapter 4. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants
- Abstract
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Potential natural energy plants (crops)
- 4.3 Biomass feedstocks for biorefinery use
- 4.4 Genetic applications to improve productivity
- 4.5 Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 5. Algal biorefinery: technoeconomic analysis
- Abstract
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Microalgae
- 5.3 Microalgal biorefinery
- 5.4 Technoeconomic analysis
- 5.5 Analytical tools
- 5.6 Case study
- 5.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6. Tapping wastewater resource: why and how?
- Abstract
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Wastewater treatment and resource recovery
- 6.3 Wastewater–energy nexus
- 6.4 Nutrients recovery from wastewater
- 6.5 Emerging wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery technologies
- 6.6 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 7. Food wastes/residues: Valuable source of energy in circular economy
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Circular economy in bioenergy
- 7.3 Sources of food wastes, global status, and their energy values
- 7.4 Food waste to bioenergy production
- 7.5 Techniques for the production of bioenergy
- 7.6 Value-added products from food wastes
- 7.7 Future perspectives
- 7.8 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Part C: Bioethanol: 2G and 3G
- Chapter 8. Biorefinery involving terrestrial and marine lignocellulosics: concept, potential, and current status
- Abstract
- 8.1 Biorefinery: an emerging concept
- 8.2 Biomass for biorefineries: availability, cost, and supply logistics
- 8.3 Biorefinery technologies for energy security and renewable chemicals: concept, potential, and current status
- 8.4 Challenges in accomplishing the goal
- 8.5 Environmental impact of biorefineries
- 8.6 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 9. Decongestion of lignocellulosics: a critical assessment of physicochemical approaches
- Abstract
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Lignocellulose structure
- 9.3 Physical and chemical pretreatment methods
- 9.4 Physicochemical methods
- 9.5 Conclusion and future directions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 10. Deconstruction of lignocelluloses: potential biological approaches
- Abstract
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Physicochemical features of LCB
- 10.3 Need for pretreatment
- 10.4 Available pretreatment methods
- 10.5 Nonbiological versus biological pretreatment methods
- 10.6 Objectives of biological pretreatment
- 10.7 Tools of biological pretreatment
- 10.8 Biological approaches to pretreat LCB (Fig. 10.3)
- 10.9 Importance of biological approaches
- 10.10 Factors affecting biological pretreatment
- 10.11 Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 11. Lignin: value addition is key to profitable biomass biorefinery
- Abstract
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Lignocellulose biomass compositions
- 11.3 Sources and types of lignin
- 11.4 Lignin fragmentation
- 11.5 Biological processing of lignin
- 11.6 Current application of lignin
- 11.7 The economic perspective of lignin
- 11.8 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 12. Downstream process: toward cost/energy effectiveness
- Abstract
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Selection of economical feedstocks
- 12.3 Novel approaches for biomass utilization for Bio-EtOH production
- 12.4 Tradition routes used for the production of biofuels
- 12.5 Different traditional routes of downstream processing of bio-EtOH and their limitations
- 12.6 Potential of novel membrane-based separation technology
- 12.7 Downstream processing using membrane-based separation technology
- 12.8 A novel concept of a membrane-integrated hybrid system for downstream processing
- 12.9 Conclusions and prospects
- References
- Chapter 13. Process integration: hurdles and approaches to overcome
- Abstract
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Reaction improvements leading to reduced energy consumption
- 13.3 Heat recovery in bioethanol processes
- 13.4 Thermal integration of distillation columns
- 13.5 Combined heat and power
- 13.6 Process development challenges
- 13.7 Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14. Community-level second-generation bioethanol plant: a case study focused on a safety issue
- Abstract
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 The case study: the bioethanol production plant
- 14.3 Hazards related to bioethanol: the flammability
- 14.4 Pool fire: predictive models of thermal radiation
- 14.5 The case study: pool fire deriving from pump leakage
- 14.6 Bioethanol pool fire: results and discussion
- 14.7 Conclusions
- List of abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 15. Third-generation bioethanol: status, scope, and challenges
- Abstract
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Bioethanol production from algal biomass
- 15.3 Case study: bioethanol from Enteromorpha intestinalis
- 15.4 Economic prospects of macroalgae biorefinery
- 15.5 Scope for further research
- 15.6 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Part D: Biobutanol: Renewed interest
- Chapter 16. Biobutanol, the forgotten biofuel candidate: latest research and future directions
- Abstract
- 16.1 Advantages of biobutanol production
- 16.2 Microbial producers
- 16.3 Feedstocks for butanol production
- 16.4 Strain improvement
- 16.5 Process improvement
- 16.6 Conclusions
- References
- Part E: Biodiesel: Potential sources and prospect
- Chapter 17. Algal biodiesel: technology, hurdles, and future directions
- Abstract
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Biodiesel
- 17.3 Technologies for biodiesel production
- 17.4 Solvents used for oil extraction
- 17.5 Hurdles
- 17.6 Future prospects
- References
- Chapter 18. Microbial biodiesel: a comprehensive study toward sustainable biofuel production
- Abstract
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Fundamentals of biodiesel processing techniques
- 18.3 Microbial lipid synthesis using various types of oleaginous microorganisms
- 18.4 Summary and future prospects
- References
- Chapter 19. Assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit—a potential alternative for sustainable future
- Abstract
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Biodiesel production methodology
- 19.3 Commercial-level biodiesel units
- 19.4 Farm-level biodiesel units
- 19.5 Life cycle assessment of farm-level biodiesel unit
- 19.6 Case studies conducted across the globe for analysis of the feasibility of farm-level biodiesel production units
- 19.7 Future prospective and challenges
- References
- Part F: Biohydrogen: The cleanest fuel
- Chapter 20. Biohydrogen: potential applications, approaches, and hurdles to overcome
- Abstract
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Various feedstocks for biohydrogen
- 20.3 Biohydrogen generation from biophotolysis
- 20.4 Potential applications of biohydrogen
- 20.5 Challenges associated with biohydrogen
- 20.6 Approaches to overcome the challenges related to biohydrogen
- 20.7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 21. Biological routes of hydrogen production: a critical assessment
- Abstract
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Mechanism of biological H2 production
- 21.3 Routes of biohydrogen production
- 21.4 Substrates as feedstocks for biohydrogen
- 21.5 Technical challenges of biological routes
- 21.6 Strategies to enhance microbial hydrogen production
- 21.7 Future perspectives and conclusion
- References
- Chapter 22. Thermochemical routes applying biomass: a critical assessment
- Abstract
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Circular economy approach to sustainability
- 22.3 Thermochemical valorization processes for biomass
- 22.4 Challenges and future prospects
- 22.5 Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 23. Splitting of water: biological and non-biological approaches
- Abstract
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Hydrogen production
- 23.3 Application of nanotechnology in hydrogen production
- 23.4 Water-splitting approaches
- 23.5 Biological approaches
- 23.6 Non-biological approaches
- 23.7 Conclusion and future aspects
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- References
- Part G: Biogas: The decentralised fuel
- Chapter 24. Decentralized biogas plants: status, prospects, and challenges
- Abstract
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 The role of renewable energy
- 24.3 Biogas formation process
- 24.4 Factors controlling anaerobic digestion
- 24.5 Anaerobic digesters
- 24.6 Types of organic matter used as feedstock to biodigesters
- 24.7 Biogas technology overview and status
- 24.8 The history of biogas
- 24.9 Potential of small-scale biogas plants to improve livelihood
- 24.10 Challenges to biogas commercialization in developing countries (e.g., African countries) and possible measures
- 24.11 Challenges of small-scale digesters penetration
- 24.12 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 25. Biogas: microbiological research to enhance efficiency and regulation
- Abstract
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 Conceptual framework
- 25.3 Process parameters
- 25.4 Practices to enhance efficiency and regulation of anaerobic digestion
- 25.5 Research and development agenda for enhancing efficiency and regulation of AD
- 25.6 Conclusion
- References
- Part H: Syngas
- Chapter 26. Biogas technology implementation in rural areas: a case study of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa
- Abstract
- 26.1 Introduction
- 26.2 Objectives
- 26.3 Study area
- 26.4 Methods
- 26.5 Findings
- 26.6 Challenges of biogas technology penetration in rural areas
- 26.7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 27. A biotechnological overview of syngas fermentation
- Abstract
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 Syngas as feedstock
- 27.3 Syngas fermentation
- 27.4 Conclusion
- References
- Part I: Bioelectricity
- Chapter 28. Biofuel cell: existing formats, production level, constraints, and potential uses
- Abstract
- 28.1 Introduction
- 28.2 Production levels of bioelectricity through microbial fuel cells
- 28.3 Production levels of hydrogen and other fuels employing microbial electrolysis cells
- 28.4 Biofuel production level using microbial carbon-capture cells and microbial electrosynthesis cells
- 28.5 Potential uses of MET
- 28.6 Major constraints and future outlook
- 28.7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 29. Enzymatic and microbial biofuel cells: current developments and future directions
- Abstract
- 29.1 Introduction
- 29.2 A brief history of biofuel cell development
- 29.3 Types of biofuel cells
- 29.4 Characteristics of enzymatic and microbial fuel cells
- 29.5 Recent development and new approaches in enzymatic as well as microbial fuel cell
- 29.6 Application and challenges
- 29.7 Future aspect of biofuel cells
- References
- Chapter 30. Biomass-based electrification
- Abstract
- 30.1 Introduction
- 30.2 Advantages of biomass-based electrification
- 30.3 Primary routes for biomass-based electrification
- 30.4 Economics of biomass-based electrification
- 30.5 Biomass-based electrification in India: prospects and challenges
- 30.6 Conclusions
- References
- Part J: New directions
- Chapter 31. Nanotechnological interventions in biofuel production
- Abstract
- 31.1 Introduction
- 31.2 Production around the globe
- 31.3 Biofuel production
- 31.4 Challenges in biofuel production
- 31.5 Nanotechnology in biofuel production
- 31.6 Nanocellulose in biofuel production
- 31.7 Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 32. Carbon dioxide capture for biofuel production
- Abstract
- 32.1 Introduction
- 32.2 Carbon capture and storage
- 32.3 Microbial application for biofuels
- 32.4 Carbon dioxide capture using microalgae
- 32.5 Carbon concentrating mechanism
- 32.6 Biofuels
- 32.7 Value-added products
- 32.8 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
- References
- Chapter 33. Solar intervention in bioenergy
- Abstract
- 33.1 Introduction
- 33.2 Solar intervention in biodiesel production
- 33.3 Solar intervention in bioethanol production
- 33.4 Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 34. The pursuits of solar application for biofuel generation
- Abstract
- 34.1 Introduction
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: October 31, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 690
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128228104
- eBook ISBN: 9780128231333
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