Green Chemistry for Sustainable Textiles

Green Chemistry for Sustainable Textiles: Modern Design and Approaches provides a comprehensive survey of the latest methods in green chemistry for the reduction of the textile industry’s environmental impact.

In recent years industrial R&D has been exploring more sustainable chemicals as well as eco-friendly technologies in　the textile wet processing chain, leading to a range of new techniques for sustainable textile manufacture. This book discusses and explores basic principles of green chemistry and their implementation along with other aspects of cleaner production strategies, as well as new and emerging textile technologies, providing a comprehensive reference for readers at all levels.

Potential benefits to industry from the techniques covered in this book include: Savings in water, energy and chemical consumption, waste minimization as well as disposal cost reduction, and production of high added value sustainable textile products to satisfy consumer demands for comfort, safety, aesthetic, and multi-functional performance properties.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
The Textile Institute Book Series
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgment
Chapter 1. Water footprint applications in textile sector: an overview
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Blue water footprint
1.3. Gray water footprint
1.4. Identification of possible response strategies
1.5. Regional inequity in water distribution
1.6. Climate change
1.7. Virtual water and water footprint concepts
1.8. Importance of virtual water concept
1.9. Merits of virtual water
1.10. Limitations of virtual water
1.11. Supply chain of cotton product
1.12. Components or colors of WF
1.13. Green water footprint
1.14. Blue water footprint
1.15. Gray water footprint
1.16. Difference between virtual water and water footprint
1.17. Groundwater footprint
1.18. Relationship between water, carbon, and ecological footprints
1.19. Environmental impacts of a water footprint
1.20. Direct water footprint
1.21. Indirect water footprint
1.22. Water footprints in life cycle assessments
1.23. Development in water footprint methodology
1.24. Water footprint assessment
1.25. Setting goals and scope
1.26. Water footprint accounting
1.27. Water footprint sustainability assessment
1.28. Water sustainability
1.29. Social unsustainability
1.30. Economic unsustainability
1.31. Assessment tools
1.32. Water footprint network
1.33. Global water tool
1.34. Local water tool
1.35. Water risk filter
1.36. Corporate water gauge
1.37. Future of water footprints in textile and in general
1.38. Conclusions
Chapter 2. Recent advances in the development of antimicrobial nanotextiles for prevention of infectious diseases transmission in healthcare workers
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Nanotechnology in antimicrobial textile fibers
2.3. Development of antimicrobial nanotextiles by sol gel method
2.4. Efficacy testing
2.5. Conclusions
Chapter 3. Biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products as flame retardants for textiles: a novel approach toward sustainability
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Whey proteins as flame retardants for cotton
3.3. Caseins as flame retardants for cotton, polyester, and cotton-polyester blends
3.4. Hydrophobins as flame retardants for cotton
3.5. Deoxyribonucleic acid as flame retardant for cotton
3.6. Phytic acid as flame retardant for wool, silk, cotton, and polyester
3.7. Flame-retardant fabrics obtained by using other bio-sourced products
3.8. Conclusions and future perspectives
Abbreviations
Chapter 4. Chemistry of sustainable coloration of textile materials
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Eco-friendly pretreatment of textiles
4.3. Koolwhite-2020, an alternative whitening agent
4.4. Sustainable chemical finishing technologies
4.5. Conclusion
Chapter 5. Current and future perspectives of enzyme treatments for cellulosic fibers: a review
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Functional processes/finishing using enzymatic treatments
5.3. Enzymes with thermal stability
5.4. Future perspectives
5.5. Conclusion
Chapter 6. Environmentally sound textile wet processing
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Environmentally sound textile wet processing technologies
6.3. Conclusion and future trends
Chapter 7. Sustainable Chemistry in textile processes (Pretreatment, Coloration and Chemical finishing)
7.1. Introduction
7.2. An overview of the textile industry
7.3. Dyeing and printing of textiles
7.4. Emerging sustainable coloration technologies
7.5. Trials to minimize waste and pollution in the textile industry [1,2,22,61]
7.6. Sustainable technologies used to reduce water energy, chemicals, and time in the textile wet processing
7.7. Conclusion
Chapter 8. Green chemistry in textile industry and their positive impact of implementation
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Green chemistry
8.3. Textile industry and green chemistry
8.4. Positive effect of implementation of green chemistry
8.5. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Chapter 9. Principle of Green Chemistry: A modern perspective for development of sustainable textile fiber-based green nanocomposites
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Need of green chemistry and nanotechnology
9.3. Textile fibers to develop green nanocomposites
9.4. Extraction of textile fibers based on bio-fibers
9.5. Processing techniques of textile fiber–based green nanocomposites
9.6. Properties of green nanocomposites
9.7. Challenges for green chemistry
9.8. Application of textile fiberbased green nanocomposites
9.9. Conclusion and future trend
Chapter 10. A green technology for cellulosic nanofibers production
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Cellulose and nanocellulose
10.3. Applications of nanocellulose in medicine
10.4. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Harmful environmental effects for textile chemical dyeing practice
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Process of dyeing
11.3. Application of liposome technology in the process of textile dyeing
11.4. Ultrasonic energy effect on the dyeing process
11.5. Finishing of waste disposal and drainage
11.6. Wastewater management
11.7. Environment-friendly dyeing process optimization
11.8. Conclusion
Chapter 12. Impact of nanotechnology on sustainable textile material and its application
12.1. Introduction of nanotechnology
12.2. Impact of nanotechnology on textile
12.3. Application of nanotechnology on textile material
12.4. Current trend and future prospect of textile nanomaterials
12.5. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Microbial technologies in textile industries: an elixir for the greener environment
13.1. Introduction
13.2. The textile industry and environment
13.3. Textile industry and peril on people
13.4. Wastage in focus
13.5. Monitoring and detection of pollution
13.6. Interactions between microorganisms and pollutants
13.7. Biosorption
13.8. Bioaccumulation
13.9. Bioremediation
13.10. Changing the paradigm
13.11. Challenges and future prospects
Chapter 14. Natural compounds in sustainable dyeing and functional finishing of textiles
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Sustainable dyeing
14.3. Sustainable functional finishing
14.4. Conclusion
Chapter 15. Emerging research trends in new natural fibers—some insights
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Studies on lotus fibers
15.3. Studies on windmill palm leaf sheath fiber
15.4. Studies on pig hair
15.5. Studies on Caryota spadix fiber
15.6. Conclusion
Chapter 16. Innovative approaches in the application of natural dyes on wool—Road to green coloration
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Dyeing with Cinnamomum camphora leaves using biological mordants
16.3. Dyeing with fermented dough extract
16.4. Effect of pretreatment of bacterial protease enzyme on acid dyed wool
16.5. Dyeing with henna and yarrow enhanced by plasma treatment and optimized with response surface methodology
16.6. New biomordant for improving natural dye absorption
16.7. Conclusion
Chapter 17. New emerging green technologies for sustainable textiles
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Production of sustainable textiles
17.3. Extraction of fibers from agricultural wastes
17.4. Nanotechnology
17.5. Closed-loop technology for fiber production
17.6. Biotechnology
17.7. Recycled and Sustainable fabrics
17.8. Conclusion
Chapter 18. An overview on processing aspects and environmental applications of activated carbon fibers
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Preparation of activated carbon fiber
18.3. Properties of activated carbon fiber
18.4. Environmental applications of ACF
18.5. Conclusion
Chapter 19. Plasma treatment for sustainable functionalization of textiles
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Types of plasma
19.3. Plasma treatment and dyeing
19.4. Plasma treatment and finishing
19.5. Conclusion
Chapter 20. Recent advances in textile wet processing using supercritical carbon dioxide
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Supercritical fluid dyeing of PET
20.3. Dyeing of polyamide fabrics under supercritical carbon dioxide
20.4. Dyeing polypropylene fabrics under supercritical carbon dioxide
20.5. Application of supercritical carbon dioxide on natural fabrics
20.6. Fabric pretreatment and functionalization through supercritical fluid dyeing
20.7. Conclusion
Chapter 21. Recent trends in green colorants: chemistry and application
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Classification of natural colorants
21.3. Conclusion and future outlook
Chapter 22. Green synthesis of nanomaterials for textile applications
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Green synthesis or biosynthesis
22.3. Nanomaterials in textiles
22.4. Green synthesis of nanomaterials for textiles
22.5. Applications
22.6. Conclusion
Chapter 23. Advances in natural dyeing of silk
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Application of Areca catechu dyes on silk
23.3. Silk dyeing with functionalized flavonol-quercetin
23.4. Silk dyeing with Madhuca longifolia
23.5. Eco-friendly silk dyeing with Monascus
23.6. Conclusion
Chapter 24. Potential applications of sustainable chemistry in processing of manmade and protein fibers
24.1. An overview
24.2. Physical methods for modification of manmade fibers
24.3. Chemical methods for modification of manmade fibers
24.4. Modification of proteinic fibers with physical techniques
24.5. Chemical treatments of proteinic fibers
24.6. Biotechnology applications and eco-friendly reagents
24.7. Conclusion
24.8. Future outlook
Chapter 25. Green chemistry in textile processes
25.1. Introduction
25.2. Pollution and textile industry
25.3. Green chemistry in textile industry
25.4. Application of dendrimer in textile processing
25.5. Nonformaldehyde finishing
25.6. Automation in textile wet processing
25.7. Supercritical wool dyeing
25.8. Application of natural dyes in textile processing
25.9. Tannins and their importance in green chemistry of textile
25.10. Green chemistry in antimicrobial finishing of textile
25.11. Green chemistry in functional finishing of textile
25.12. Green chemistry in nanotechnology and nanomaterials
25.13. Green chemistry used in graphene and plasma processing of textile
25.14. Effluent treatment
25.15. Conclusions
Chapter 26. Sustainable isolation and application of natural colorant–based dye-sensitized solar cells (NCBDSSC): a brief review
26.1. Introduction
26.2. Sources of natural dyes
26.3. Classification of natural dyes
26.4. Applications of natural dyes
26.5. Electronics
26.6. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)
26.7. Components of DSSC
26.8. Working principle of DSSC
26.9. Mechanism of solar cells
26.10. Natural colorants as sensitizers
26.11. Future prospectus
26.12. Conclusion
Chapter 27. Sustainable textile finishing processes and pollution control based on enzyme technology
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Enzymatic biocatalysis
27.3. Potential applications of enzyme technology in textile industry
27.4. Bio-stain removal
27.5. Bio-remediation of textile effluents
27.6. Future trends
Chapter 28. Textile wastewater management
28.1. Introduction
28.2. Wastewater treatment
28.3. Primary treatment of textile wastewater
28.4. Secondary treatment of textile wastewater
28.5. Tertiary treatment of textile wastewater
28.6. New developments in tertiary treatments
28.7. Treatability studies
28.8. Present pain areas in textile wastewater management
28.9. Challenges faced by the industry
28.10. Biocleaner technology
28.11. Recent developments in textile wastewater management
28.12. Conclusions and perspective
Chapter 29. The potential use of nanotechnology for antimicrobial functionalization of cellulose-containing fabrics
29.1. Introduction
29.2. Key principles of nanotechnology
29.3. Options to fabricate nanomaterials
29.4. Metallic nanoparticles application techniques
29.5. Potential textile applications
29.6. Textile effluent remediation
29.7. Future remarks
Chapter 30. Utilization of sustainable biopolymers in textile processing
30.1. Introduction
30.2. Utilization of biopolymers for green fiber production
30.3. Application of biopolymer in textile wet processing
30.4. Conclusion
Chapter 31. Cornhusk fibers, its properties, and value addition
31.1. Introduction
31.2. Extraction of natural cellulosic fibers from cornhusks and its physicochemical properties
31.3. Extraction of MCC from cornhusk fiber
31.4. Process sequence involved in MCC preparation
31.5. Conclusion
Chapter 32. Bioactive polypropylene by plasma processing
32.1. Introduction
32.2. Functionalization of polypropylene
32.3. Antimicrobial applications of polypropylene
32.4. Conclusion
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Green Chemistry for Sustainable Textiles

Modern Design and Approaches

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Nabil Ibrahim

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

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