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Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 2-Volume Set
- 27th Edition - August 15, 2023
- Editors: Lee Goldman, Kathleen A. Cooney
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 3 0 3 9 - 0
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 3 0 3 8 - 3
For more than 95 years, Goldman-Cecil Medicine has been the authoritative source for internal medicine and the care of adult patients. Every chapter is written by acclaimed ex… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFor more than 95 years, Goldman-Cecil Medicine has been the authoritative source for internal medicine and the care of adult patients. Every chapter is written by acclaimed experts who, with the oversight of our editors, provide definitive, unbiased advice on the diagnosis and treatment of thousands of common and uncommon conditions, always guided by an understanding of the epidemiology and pathobiology, as well as the latest medical literature.
But Goldman-Cecil Medicine is not just a textbook. It is designed to optimize electronic searches that will rapidly take you to exactly the information you are seeking. Throughout the lifetime of each edition, periodic updates continually include the newest information from a wide range of journals. Furthermore, Goldman-Cecil Medicine is available for all users of ClinicalKey, Elsevier’s full library of subspecialty textbooks that can be accessed by readers who may want even more in-depth information.
More than 400 chapters authored by a veritable "Who’s Who" of modern medicine
A practical, templated organization with an emphasis on up-to-date, evidence-based references
New chapters on Population Health, Effects of Climate Change on Health, Bradycardias, Transgender Medicine, Whipple Disease, COVID-19 Virology and Pathobiology, COVID-19 Epidemiology/Clinical Manifestations/Diagnosis/Community Prevention, COVID-19 Treatment and Vaccination, Polyomaviruses, and more
Thousands of algorithms, figures, and tables that make its information readily accessible
Over 100 supplementary videos, heart sounds, and key references
Available in print and on a variety of electronic devices
Continuously updated by Lee Goldman, MD
An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Internal Medicine residents and physicians
Internal medicine subspecialists (eg, cardiology, infectious disease, GI, etc)
- Instructions for online access
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- ASSOCIATE EDITORS
- PREFACE
- Contributors
- VIDEO CONTENTS
- Volume I
- Section I. Social and Ethical Issues in Medicine
- I. SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDICINE
- 1. Approach to Medicine, the Patient, and the Medical Profession: Medicine as a Learned and Humane Profession
- Approach to Medicine
- Approach to the Patient
- Approach to the Medical Profession
- 2. Bioethics in the Practice of Medicine
- Physician-Patient Relationship: Informed Consent
- Termination of Medical Interventions
- Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
- Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources
- Financial Conflicts of Interest
- Future Directions
- 3. Palliative Care
- Palliative Care Domains
- 4. Disparities in Health and Health Care
- Definitions of Health Disparity and Health Equity
- Demographic Changes in the U.S. Population
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Outcomes
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Outcomes
- Insurance Coverage and Access to Care
- Quality of Care
- Clinical Approaches to Reduce Disparities
- 5. Global Health
- Life Expectancy
- Leading Causes of Deaths
- Leading Causes of Disabilities
- Leading Underlying Risk Factors
- Changing Patterns of Disease
- The Global Health Challenge
- Section II. Principles of Evaluation and Management
- II. PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
- 6. History and Physical Examination
- Overview
- Medical History
- Physical Examination
- Summarizing the Findings for the Patient
- Future Directions
- 7. Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Vital Signs
- The Importance of Vital Signs
- Measuring Vital Signs
- Role of Vital Signs in Management of the Patient
- 8. Statistical Interpretation of Data for Clinical Decision Making
- Incidence and Prevalence
- Interpreting Data
- Data and Their Characteristics
- Hypothesis Testing
- Causality
- Statistical Approaches and Challenges
- Using Data for Clinical Decisions
- 9. Measuring Health and Health Care
- How Are Health and Health Care Measured?
- Why Measure Health and Health Care?
- Selecting Measures Based on Evidence
- Selecting Measures: Which Measures Are Right for What Purpose?
- Measuring Health and Health Care as Parts of a System
- 10. Quality, Safety, and Value
- Quality
- Patient Safety
- Quality and Safety During a Pandemic
- Value: Connecting Safety and Quality to Cost
- 11. Population Health
- Population Health Management
- Beyond Population Health Management to Population Health
- Section III. Preventive and Environmental Issues
- III. PREVENTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
- 12. The Preventive Health Visit
- History and Risk Assessment
- Screening for Early Disease or Asymptomatic Risk Factors
- Behavioral Interventions
- Immunizations
- Preventive Medications and Supplements
- Future Issues
- 13. Diet and Nutrition
- Dietary Requirements
- Nutrition’s Influence on Mortality and Morbidity
- Translating Evidence into Dietary Change
- 14. Physical Activity
- 15. Immunization
- General Characteristics of Immunizations
- Individual Immunobiologics
- Vaccines Intended Primarily for International Travelers
- Vaccines for Possible Bioterrorism Agents
- 16. Principles of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Regulatory Environment
- Approach to the Patient
- Clinical Implications
- Occupational Safety Standards
- Environmental Medicine
- Wellness and Resiliency
- Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management
- Role of the Individual Clinician
- 17. Effects of Climate Change on Health
- How Climate Change Affects Health
- Health Care Professionals and Climate Change
- 18. Radiation Injury
- Ionizing Radiation
- Non-Ionizing Radiation Injury
- 19. Bioterrorism
- Epidemiologic Clues
- Agents of Concern
- Anthrax
- Smallpox
- Plague
- Tularemia
- Botulism
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Response to a Bioterrorism Attack
- 20. Chronic Poisoning: Trace Metals and Others
- Lead Toxicity
- Mercury Toxicity
- Arsenic Toxicity
- Cadmium Toxicity
- Syndromes Specific to Other Toxic Metals
- Section IV. Age-Specific and Geriatric Medicine
- IV. AGE-SPECIFIC AND GERIATRIC MEDICINE
- 21. Adolescent Medicine
- Normal Physical Growth and Development
- Normal Psychosocial Development
- Vital Statistics
- Approach to the Adolescent Patient
- Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Obesity
- Mental Health
- Image 10Eating Disorders
- Image 11SUBSTANCE USE AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS
- Chronic Illness and Transition
- 22. Epidemiology of Aging
- Demography
- Disease and Disability in Older Adults
- Healthy Aging
- 23. Geriatric Assessment
- Rationale
- Function
- The Built and Social Environments
- Prognosis
- Goals and Preferences
- Preventive Services
- Geriatric Assessment In Practice
- 24. Common Clinical Sequelae of Aging
- Effects of Aging on Specific Organs and Systems
- Section V. Clinical Pharmacology
- V. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
- 25. Principles of Drug Therapy
- Pharmacokinetic Principles
- Clinical Application of Pharmacokinetic Principles
- Drug Monitoring as a Guide to Therapy
- Adjustments of Drug Dose With Disease
- Approach to Drug Overdose
- Drug Use in Elderly Patients
- Interactions among Drugs
- Adverse Reactions to Drugs
- Usefulness of Genomic Data
- 26. Pain
- 27. Biology of Addiction
- Risk Factors for Addiction
- Reward Circuitry: The Neural Substrate of Addiction
- Properties of Addictive Drugs
- Drug-Induced Neural Plasticity Relevant to Addiction
- 28. Immunomodulatory Drugs
- Glucocorticoids
- Immunomodulatory Agents
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Purine and Pyrimidine Inhibitors
- Immunophilin-Binding Agents, Including Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Image 7Alkylating Agents
- 29. Biologic Agents and Signaling Inhibitors
- Biologic Agents
- Conclusion
- 30. Complementary and Integrative Medicine
- Use of Integrative and Complementary Treatments
- Overview
- Section VI. Genetics
- VI. GENETICS
- 31. Principles of Genetics
- Genetic Architecture of Disease
- High-Penetrance Monogenic or Chromosomal Disorders
- Monogenic Versions of Common Disorders
- Complex, Multifactorial Disorders
- Pharmacogenetic Testing
- 32. Clinical Genomics—Genome Structure and Variation
- Clinical Genomics
- Gene
- Genomic Variation in Humans
- Genetic Test Reports
- Genomics and Genetics as a Normal Part of Medicine
- 33. Applications of Molecular Technologies to Clinical Medicine
- Molecular Technologies Along the Continuum from Health to Disease
- Genomes, Disease, and Treatment
- The Expressed Genome
- Implementing Precision Medicine in Clinical Practice
- 34. Regenerative Medicine, Cell Therapy, and Gene Therapy
- Cell Therapy
- Gene Therapy
- Genome Editing
- Section VII. Principles of Immunology and Inflammation
- VII. PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
- 35. The Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
- The Immune System in Host Defense
- Cellular Elements of the Innate Immune System
- Principles of Innate Immune System Activation: Recognition of Immune Stimuli and Generation of Effector Function
- Cellular Elements of the Adaptive Immune System
- Principles of Adaptive Immune System Activation: Recognition of Antigen and Generation of Effector Function
- Contribution of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Pathogenesis of Disease
- 36. Tissue Injury and Repair
- The Inflammatory Response: Innate Immune Mechanisms
- The Inflammatory Response: Adaptive Immune Mechanisms
- Tissue Repair and Resolution of Inflammation
- 37. Complement System in Disease
- Activation of Complement
- Complement Inhibitors
- 38. Transplantation Immunology
- Antigens in Transplantation
- Mechanisms of Rejection and Graft-versus-Host Disease
- Strategies to Prevent Graft-versus-Host Disease
- Strategies to Prevent Allograft Rejection
- Section VIII. Heart Diseases
- VIII. HEART DISEASES
- 39. Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease
- Using the History to Detect Cardiovascular Symptoms
- Physical Examination for Detection of Signs of Cardiovascular Disease
- Approach to therapy
- 40. Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease
- Burden in the United States
- Global Burden
- Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
- 41. Cardiac and Circulatory Function
- Structure of the Heart
- Anatomy of the Heart
- Physiology of the Heart and Circulatory Control
- Cardiovascular Responses to Stressors
- Impaired Circulatory Function: Atherosclerosis
- 42. Electrocardiography
- Normal Function and Electrocardiogram
- Approach to Interpreting the Electrocardiogram
- 43. Echocardiography
- Echocardiographic Imaging
- Doppler Echocardiography
- Echocardiographic Approaches
- Cardiac Function Measurements
- The Echocardiographic Examination
- Integrating the Echocardiographic and Clinical Findings
- 44. Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging
- Radiography of the Heart
- Nuclear Cardiology
- Cardiac Computed Tomography
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 45. Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Pathobiology, and Diagnosis
- Consequences of Misdiagnosis
- 46. Heart Failure: Treatment and Prognosis
- Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure
- Stages of Heart Failure
- 47. Diseases of the Myocardium and Endocardium
- Myocardial Disease
- Diseases of the Endocardium
- Cardiac Tumors
- 48. Principles of Electrophysiology
- Basic Concepts
- Ionic Basis of Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Molecular Basis of Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Mechanisms of Arrhythmogenesis
- 49. Approach to the Patient with Suspected Arrhythmia
- 50. Cardiac Arrest and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias
- 51. Bradycardias and Conduction System Delays
- Bradycardias
- Bradyarrhythmias
- Specific Bradyarrhythmias
- 52. Supraventricular Ectopy and Tachyarrhythmias
- Supraventricular Arrhythmias with a Normal Rate
- Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
- 53. Ventricular Arrhythmias
- 54. Electrophysiologic Procedures and Surgery
- Transthoracic Cardioversion and Defibrillation
- Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices
- Catheter Ablation
- Arrhythmia Surgery
- Closure of the Left Atrial Appendage
- 55. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
- Simple Lesions
- Specific Complex Lesions
- 56. Angina Pectoris and Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
- Other Anginal Syndromes
- 57. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Unstable Angina and Non–ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- 58. ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction and Complications of Myocardial Infarction
- 59. Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
- Coronary Arteriography To Assess Coronary Stenosis
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Coronary Angioplasty Versus Medical Therapy
- Coronary Artery Surgery
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
- 60. Valvular Heart Disease
- Approach To The Patient With Valvular Heart Disease
- Aortic Stenosis
- Mitral Stenosis
- Primary (Organic) Mitral Regurgitation
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Secondary (Functional) Mitral Regurgitation
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Pulmonic Stenosis
- Choices among Prosthetic Valves
- Postoperative Care of Patients with Substitute Heart Valves
- 61. Infective Endocarditis
- 62. Pericardial Diseases
- Acute Pericarditis
- Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade
- Pericardial Constriction
- Specific Forms of Pericardial Disease
- Section IX. Vascular Medicine
- IX. VASCULAR MEDICINE
- 63. Diseases of the Aorta
- Aortic Aneurysm
- Acute Aortic Syndromes
- Aortic Vasculitis
- 64. Arterial Hypertension
- Goal 1: Accurate Measurement of Blood Pressure
- Goal 2: Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
- Goal 3: Identification and Treatment of Secondary (Identifiable) Causes of Hypertension
- Prevention
- Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
- Incidental Blood Pressure Elevations in the Emergency Department AND IN INPATIENTS
- 65. Atherosclerotic Peripheral Arterial Disease
- 66. Other Peripheral Arterial Diseases
- Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome
- Cystic Adventitial Disease of the Lower Extremity Arteries
- Endofibrosis of the Iliac Artery
- Fibromuscular Dysplasia
- Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)
- Livedo Reticularis and Livedo Racemosa
- Atheromatous Embolization
- Thermal Disorders
- 67. Thrombotic Disorders: Hypercoagulable States
- Primary Hypercoagulable States
- Secondary Hypercoagulable States
- 68. Venous Thrombosis and Embolism
- Long-Term Complications of VTE
- Venous Thrombosis of the Upper Extremities
- Superficial Vein Thrombosis
- Treatment
- Prevention of VTE
- Nonthrombotic Pulmonary Embolism
- 69. Pulmonary Hypertension
- 70. Antithrombotic and Antiplatelet Therapy
- ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
- ANTIPLATELET THERAPY
- FIBRINOLYTIC AND ANTITHROMBIN AGENTS
- Section X. Respiratory Diseases
- X. RESPIRATORY DISEASES
- 71. Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Disease
- Approach to the Patient with Cough
- Approach to the Patient with Wheezing
- Approach to the Patient with Dyspnea
- Approach to the Patient with Hemoptysis
- 72. Imaging in Pulmonary Disease
- Imaging of the Lungs, Mediastinum, and Chest Wall
- Imaging of the Mediastinum
- 73. Respiratory Testing and Function
- Spirometry
- Other Tests of Ventilation
- Reference Equations
- Lung Volumes
- Diffusing Capacity
- Maximal Respiratory Pressures
- Interpretation of Lung Function Tests
- Provocative Testing
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Complex Disorders
- Pulmonary Function in Obesity
- 74. Disorders of Ventilatory Control
- Hypoventilation Syndromes
- 75. Asthma
- 76. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Acute Exacerbations of COPD
- 77. Cystic Fibrosis
- 78. Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, and Cavitary or Cystic Lung Diseases
- Bronchiectasis
- Image 18Atelectasis
- Image 25Cavitary Lung Diseases
- Image 25 Congenital Cystic Diseases of the Thorax
- Image 25 Acquired Cystic Lung Diseases
- 79. Alveolar Filling Disorders
- Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
- Acute Interstitial Pneumonia
- Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
- Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma and Lepidic Predominant Nonmucinous Adenocarcinoma (Formerly Called Bronchioloalveolar Cell Carcinoma)
- 80. Interstitial Lung Disease
- Specific Types of Interstitial Lung Disease
- 81. Occupational Lung Disease
- Specific Occupational Lung Disorders
- Occupational Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
- Chronic Beryllium Disease
- Asbestos-Related Diseases
- Silicosis and Other Pneumoconioses
- Acute Febrile Syndromes
- Occupational Lung Cancer
- 82. Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Lung
- Submersion Incidents: Drowning
- Diseases of High Altitude
- Decompression Illness: Decompression Sickness, Barotrauma, and Arterial Gas Embolism
- Inhalation Injuries
- Oxygen Toxicity
- Lung Injury
- 83. Sarcoidosis
- 84. Acute Bronchitis and Tracheitis
- 85. Overview of Pneumonia
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in the Immunocompetent Host
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Hosts
- 86. Diseases of the Diaphragm, Chest Wall, Pleura, and Mediastinum
- Diaphragm
- Chest Wall
- Pleura
- Mediastinum
- 87. Interventional and Surgical Approaches to Lung Disease
- Bronchoscopic procedures
- Surgical Procedures
- Procedures for emphysema
- Lung Transplantation
- Section XI. Critical Care Medicine
- XI. CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
- 88. Approach to the Patient in a Critical Care Setting
- The Intensivist-Led Interprofessional Team
- Fluid Resuscitation and Acute Kidney Injury
- Oxygen, Intubation, Sedation, Analgesia
- Long-Term Outcomes for Survivors
- Applying Evidence to Prevent Complications of Critical Illness
- Predictions, Preferences, and Palliative Care
- 89. Respiratory Monitoring in Critical Care
- Physical Examination
- Systemic Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
- Pulse Oximetry
- Carbon Dioxide Monitoring: Capnometry and Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Measurement
- Arterial Oxygen Content and Systemic Oxygen Delivery
- Measuring Ventilation: Minute Ventilation and Alveolar Ventilation
- Measuring Carbon Dioxide Production
- Measuring Respiratory Compliance
- Measuring Respiratory Drive
- Measuring Respiratory Muscle Strength
- Measuring Work of Breathing
- 90. Acute Respiratory Failure
- Specific Acute Respiratory Failure Syndromes
- 91. Mechanical Ventilation
- Positive-Pressure Ventilation
- Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
- Specific Common Treatment Scenarios
- Discontinuation of Mechanical Ventilation
- 92. Approach to the Patient with Shock
- 93. Cardiogenic Shock
- 94. Shock Syndromes Related to Sepsis
- 95. Disorders Due to Heat and Cold
- Temperature Regulation
- Heat Illness
- Cold Injury
- Therapeutic Hypothermia and Hyperthermia
- 96. Acute Poisoning
- Prognosis
- 97. Medical Aspects of Trauma and Burns
- Rehabilitation of the Injured Patient
- 98. Envenomation, Bites, and Stings
- Specific Envenomation Syndromes
- Arthropods
- Insects
- Marine Animals
- Treatment
- 99. Rhabdomyolysis
- Section XII. Renal and Genitourinary Diseases
- XII. RENAL AND GENITOURINARY DISEASES
- 100. Approach to the Patient with Renal Disease
- Specific Renal Syndromes
- 101. Structure and Function of the Kidneys
- The Kidney Regulates Extracellular Fluid Volume by Regulating Sodium Content
- The Kidney Controls Body Fluid Osmolarity by Regulating Water Content
- The Kidney Regulates Plasma pH by Regulating HCO3− Content
- The Kidney Regulates Plasma Potassium by Secretion and the Control of Extracellular pH
- The Kidney Regulates Plasma PO4 and Ca2+ by Excretion and by Synthesizing Vitamin D3
- 102. Disorders of Sodium and Water
- Disorders of Extracellular Fluid Volume
- Disorders of Tonicity of Body Fluids: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
- Polyuria
- 103. Potassium Disorders
- 104. Acid-Base Disorders
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- 105. Disorders of Magnesium and Phosphorus
- Magnesium Metabolism
- Magnesium Deficiency
- Hypermagnesemia
- Phosphorus Metabolism
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- 106. Acute Kidney Injury
- 107. Glomerular Disorders and Nephrotic Syndromes
- Glomerular Disorders
- The Nephrotic Syndrome
- Glomerulonephritis and the Nephritic Syndrome
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Glomerular Diseases Associated With Genetic Defects
- Other Glomerular Diseases
- 108. Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Image 10Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
- 109. Diabetes and the Kidney
- 110. Vascular Disorders of the Kidney
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Atheromatous Embolization of The Renal Arterial System
- Renal Infarction
- Renal Vein Thrombosis
- 111. Nephrolithiasis
- 112. Cystic Kidney Diseases
- Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Nephronophthisis
- Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease (Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease)
- Medullary Sponge Kidney
- Other Inherited Cystic Syndromes
- Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease
- 113. Hereditary Nephropathies and Developmental Renal/Urinary Abnormalities
- Hereditary Nephropathies
- Development of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
- 114. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatitis
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- Prostatitis
- 115. Urinary Incontinence
- 116. Chronic Kidney Disease
- 117. Treatment of Irreversible Renal Failure
- Dialysis
- Renal Transplantation
- Section XIII. Gastrointestinal Diseases
- XIII. GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
- 118. Approach to the Patient with Gastrointestinal Disease
- General Approach to Patients with Gastrointestinal Signs and Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain
- Gas and Bloating
- Involuntary Weight Loss
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Constiption
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Fecal Incontinence
- Other Gastrointestinal Complaints
- 119. Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Gastroenterology
- Radiographic Plain Films
- Fluoroscopy
- Ultrasound
- Computed Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Nuclear Medicine
- Interventional Procedures
- 120. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
- Diagnostic Endoscopy
- 121. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
- Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- Obscure and Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- 122. Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility
- Diseases of Slow Transit Through the Stomach and Small Bowel
- Diseases of Rapid Transit Through Stomach and Small Bowel
- Colonic Motility Disorders
- 123. Irritable Bowel and Functional Upper Gastrointestinal Syndromes
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Functional Dyspepsia
- Functional Heartburn
- Functional Chest Pain of Likely Esophageal Origin
- 124. Diseases of the Esophagus
- Normal Anatomy and Physiology
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Esophagitis
- Esophageal Motor Disorders
- Structural Abnormalities
- The Esophagus in Systemic Diseases
- Esophageal Infections
- Miscellaneous Esophageal Conditions
- 125. Acid Peptic Disease
- 126. Approach to the Patient with Diarrhea and Malabsorption
- Acute Diarrhea
- Persistent Acute Diarrhea
- Chronic Diarrhea
- Specific Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
- Congenital Malabsorption and Diarrhea
- Watery Diarrhea
- Treatment
- True Secretory Diarrheas
- Inflammatory Diarrheas
- Radiation Enteritis
- Treatment
- Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy
- Miscellaneous Diseases
- Treatment
- 127. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 128. Inflammatory and Anatomic Diseases of the Intestine, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Omentum
- Congenital Structural Abnormalities
- Acquired Structural Disorders
- Inflammation of the Intestine and Colon
- Peritoneal Disorders
- Diseases of the Mesentery and Omentum
- 129. Vascular Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Intestinal Ischemia
- Treatment
- Vasculitis
- Vascular Anomalies and Disorders
- Hepatic and Splenic Vascular Disease
- 130. Pancreatitis
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Chronic Pancreatitis
- 131. Diseases of the Rectum and Anus
- Anatomy
- Specific Anorectal Conditions
- Section XIV. Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System
- XIV. DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM
- 132. Approach to the Patient with Liver Disease
- History
- Risk Factors for Liver Disease
- Assessing Duration of Liver Disease
- Review of Other Organ Systems
- Family History
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic Studies (Table 132-1)
- Approach to New-Onset Ascites
- Approach to a Hepatic Mass
- Approach to the Patient With Inherited Liver Disease
- 133. Approach to the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Liver Tests
- Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia
- Approach to the Patient with Hyperbilirubinemia
- Liver and Biliary Tract Disease
- Approach to the Patient with Jaundice or Abnormal Liver Tests
- 134. Acute Viral Hepatitis
- General Features of Acute Viral Hepatitis
- 135. Chronic Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Chronic Hepatitis B
- Chronic Hepatitis C
- Chronic Hepatitis D
- Chronic Hepatitis E
- Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Cryptogenic Chronic Liver Disease
- 136. Drug-Induced Liver Injury
- Direct/Intrinsic Hepatotoxicity
- Idiosyncratic Hepatotoxicity
- Indirect Hepatotoxicity
- 137. Bacterial, Parasitic, Fungal, and Granulomatous Liver Diseases
- Infections of the Liver
- Granulomatous Diseases of the Liver
- 138. Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
- Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- 139. Cirrhosis and Its Sequelae
- 140. Liver Failure and Transplantation
- Liver Failure
- Liver Transplantation
- 141. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
- Gallbladder
- Bile Ducts
- Section XV. Hematologic Diseases
- XV. HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES
- 142. Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
- Hematopoietic Cell Expansion: Hematopoietic Growth Factors
- Clinical Uses of Hematopoietic Cells and Growth Factors
- 143. The Peripheral Blood Smear
- Reasons for Performing a Blood Smear
- The Blood Smear in the Differential Diagnosis of Anemia
- Assessment of Thrombocytopenia, Thrombocytosis, and Platelet Morphology
- Leukocytosis and Leukopenia
- Leukemias and Lymphomas
- The Incidental Detection of Clinically Significant Abnormalities
- Conclusion
- 144. Approach to the Anemias
- Anemias Associated with Increased Reticulocyte Production
- Anemias Associated with Inadequate Reticulocyte Response (Underproduction Anemias)
- Specific Anemia Syndromes
- 145. Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias
- Iron Deficiency
- Anemia of Chronic Disease (Anemia of Inflammation)
- Sideroblastic Anemia
- Treatment and Prognosis
- 146. Autoimmune and Intravascular Hemolytic Anemias
- Immune Hemolytic Anemias
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions
- Other Causes of Intravascular Hemolysis
- 147. Hemolytic Anemias: Red Blood Cell Membrane and Metabolic Defects
- The Erythrocyte Membrane
- Erythrocyte Metabolism
- 148. The Thalassemias
- Unstable Hemoglobinopathies
- 149. Sickle Cell Disease and Other Hemoglobinopathies
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Other Hemoglobinopathies
- 150. Megaloblastic Anemias
- 151. Aplastic Anemia and Related Bone Marrow Failure States
- Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
- Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia
- Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- 152. Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocythemia, and Primary Myelofibrosis
- 153. Leukocytosis and Leukopenia
- Normal Neutrophil Dynamics
- Neutrophilia
- Leukocytosis Due to Expansion of Other Cell Lines
- Neutropenia
- 154. Approach to the Patient with Lymphadenopathy or Splenomegaly
- Lymphadenopathy
- Splenomegaly
- 155. Histiocytoses
- L Group
- C Group
- R Group
- M Group
- H Group, Including Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
- 156. Eosinophilic Syndromes
- 157. Approach to the Patient with Bleeding or Thrombosis
- Mechanisms of Hemostasis and Thrombosis
- Evaluation of the Patient with a Possible Bleeding Disorder
- Evaluation of the Asymptomatic Patient with Abnormal Coagulation Tests
- Evaluation of the Preoperative Patient
- Evaluation of the Patient with a Possible Hypercoagulable State
- 158. Thrombocytopenia
- Specific Causes of Thrombocytopenia
- 159. Von Willebrand Disease and Hemorrhagic Abnormalities of Platelet and Vascular Function
- Von Willebrand Disease
- Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome
- Qualitative Platelet Disorders
- Hereditary Vascular Hemorrhagic Disorders
- Acquired Vascular Hemorrhagic Disorders
- 160. Coagulation Factor Deficiencies
- Coagulation Deficiencies
- 161. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and BLEEDING IN LIVER FAILURE
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Liver Failure
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- 162. Transfusion Medicine
- Blood Components
- Pretransfusion Testing
- Blood Safety
- Infectious Complications of Transfusion
- Indications for Blood Transfusion (Table 162-4)
- Indications for Component Modification
- Specific Clinical Settings
- Patient Blood Management
- 163. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
- Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
- Syngeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
- Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
- Indications for Transplantation
- Complications After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Future Directions
- Section XVI. Oncology
- XVI. ONCOLOGY
- 164. Approach to the Patient with Cancer
- Introduction to the Cancer Patient
- Endocrine Manifestations of Cancer
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes
- Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin
- Survivorship and Follow-Up
- 165. Epidemiology of Cancer
- Cancer Burden and Trends
- Cancer Risk Factors
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology
- Cancer Control: Prevention and Treatment
- 166. Cancer Biology and Genetics
- Introduction
- Cancer Is a Disease of Cumulative DNA Alterations
- Cancer Genetics and Targeted Therapies
- Cancer Genetics for Diagnostics
- 167. Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- 168. The Acute Leukemias
- 169. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- Other Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias
- 170. CHRONIC Myeloid Leukemia
- Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Atypical Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases
- 171. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Specific Types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
- Special Clinical Situations
- Diseases Sometimes Confused with Lymphoma
- 172. Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 173. Plasma Cell Disorders
- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
- Biclonal Gammopathies
- Multiple Myeloma
- Variant Forms of Multiple Myeloma
- Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (Primary Macroglobulinemia)
- Hyperviscosity Syndrome
- Heavy Chain Diseases
- Cryoglobulinemia
- 174. Amyloidosis
- Systemic Amyloidosis
- Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis
- Other Systemic Amyloidoses
- Localized Amyloidosis
- 175. Tumors of the Central Nervous System
- Brain Tumors
- Spinal Tumors
- 176. Head and Neck Cancer
- 177. Lung Cancer and Other Pulmonary Neoplasms
- Bronchogenic Lung Cancer
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- Other Pulmonary Neoplasms
- 178. Neoplasms of the Esophagus and Stomach
- Neoplasms of the Esophagus
- Neoplasms of the Stomach
- 179. Neoplasms of the Small and Large Intestine
- Neoplasms of the Small Intestine
- Neoplasms of the Large Intestine
- 180. Pancreatic Cancer
- 181. Liver and Biliary Tract Tumors
- 182. Tumors of the Kidney, Bladder, Ureters, and Renal Pelvis
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Bladder Cancer
- Cancers of the Renal Pelvis and Ureters
- 183. Breast Cancer and Benign Breast Disorders
- Breast Cancer
- Benign Breast Lesions
- 184. Gynecologic Cancers
- Cervical Cancer
- Endometrial Cancer
- Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer
- Other Gynecologic Cancers
- Approach to Survivors of Gynecologic Cancers
- Uterine Fibroids
- 185. Testicular Cancer
- 186. Prostate Cancer
- 187. Malignant Bone Tumors, Sarcomas, and Other Soft Tissue Neoplasms
- Bone Tumors
- Soft Tissue Sarcomas
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
- Desmoid Tumors/Aggressive Fibromatosis
- 188. Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
- Melanoma
- Basal and Squamous Cell Skin Cancer
- Volume II
- Section XVII. Metabolic Diseases
- XVII. METABOLIC DISEASES
- 189. Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Overview
- Selected Errors of Metabolism
- Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation
- 190. Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism
- Clinical Disorders of Lipid Metabolism
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- 191. Glycogen Storage Diseases
- 192. Lysosomal Storage Diseases
- Gaucher Disease
- Fabry Disease
- Other Lysosomal Disorders Seen in Adults
- 193. Homocystinuria and Hyperhomocysteinemia
- 194. The Porphyrias
- 195. Wilson Disease
- 196. Iron Overload (Hemochromatosis)
- Section XVIII. Nutritional Diseases
- XVIII. NUTRITIONAL DISEASES
- 197. Severe Malnutrition
- 198. Malnutrition: Assessment and Support
- 199. Vitamins, Trace Minerals, and Other Micronutrients
- Micronutrients in Nutritional Science
- Types and Function of Micronutrients
- Conditions that Increase Required Dietary Intake
- Pathophysiologic and Pharmacologic Factors
- Controversies Regarding Marginal Micronutrient Deficiencies
- 200. Eating Disorders
- 201. Obesity
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- Section XIX. Endocrine Diseases
- XIX. ENDOCRINE DISEASES
- 202. Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease
- Common Symptoms of Endocrinologic Disease
- Physical Examination
- Laboratory Evaluation
- Genetic Evaluation
- Evaluation of the Response of an Endocrine Disease to Treatment
- 203. Principles of Endocrinology
- Regulation of Hormone Synthesis and Secretion
- Hormone Transport and Metabolism
- Mechanism of Hormone Action
- Mechanisms of Endocrine Disease
- 204. Neuroendocrinology and the Neuroendocrine System
- Neuroendocrine Regulation
- Neuroendocrine Disease
- 205. Anterior Pituitary
- Hypopituitarism
- Pituitary Tumors
- Growth Hormone
- Prolactin
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Nelson Syndrome
- Gonadotropins (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
- Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas
- Pituitary Carcinomas
- 206. Posterior Pituitary
- Anatomy and Hormone Synthesis
- Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
- Diabetes Insipidus
- 207. Thyroid
- Overview of Thyroid Disease
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- 208. Adrenal Cortex
- Normal Anatomy and Function
- Disorders of Adrenal Function
- 209. Adrenal Medulla, Catecholamines, and Pheochromocytoma
- Adrenal Medulla and Catecholamines
- Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- Treatment
- Pheochromocytoma in Pregnancy
- 210. Diabetes Mellitus
- Overview
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Gestational Diabetes
- Acute Issues for Individuals With Diabetes
- Chronic Microvascular Complications of Diabetes
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease
- 211. Hypoglycemia
- 212. Polyglandular Disorders
- Neoplastic Syndromes
- Treatment
- Autoimmune Syndromes
- 213. Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
- Specific Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Principles for Controlling Growth of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
- 214. Sexual Development
- Differences of Sexual Development
- Maternal Conditions Affecting the Fetus
- Hormone Insensitivity Syndromes and Other Hormone Deficiencies
- Other Genetic Conditions
- Management of Individuals with Differences of Sexual Development: Gender Role and Identity
- 215. Transgender Medicine
- 216. The Testis and Male Hypogonadism, Infertility, and Sexual Dysfunction
- Male Reproductive Physiology
- Male Hypogonadism
- Male Infertility
- Sexual Dysfunction
- 217. Ovaries and Pubertal Development
- Aberrations in Pubertal Development
- 218. Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
- The Normal Menstrual Cycle
- Menstrual Symptoms
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Chronic Anovulation
- Infertility
- Sexual Function and Dysfunction
- Interrupted Pregnancy
- Section XX. Women's Health
- XX. WOMEN’S HEALTH
- 219. Approach to Women’s Health
- Lifespan Groups
- Health Disparities Among Women
- Common Causes of Mortality in Women
- Common Causes of Morbidity in Women
- Reproductive Health Issues
- 220. Contraception
- Contraceptive Use
- Types of Contraceptives
- 221. Medical Issues in Pregnancy
- General Principles
- Medical Disorders of Pregnancy
- Infectious Disease
- 222. Menopause
- 223. Intimate Partner Violence
- Section XXI. Diseases of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
- XXI. DISEASES OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
- 224. Approach to the Patient with Metabolic Bone Disease
- 225. Osteoporosis
- Prognosis
- 226. Osteomalacia and Rickets
- 227. The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia
- Calcium Metabolism
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypocalcemia
- 228. Paget Disease of Bone
- 229. Osteonecrosis, Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis, and Other Disorders of Bone
- Osteonecrosis
- Osteosclerosis/Hyperostosis
- Other Disorders of Bone
- Section XXII. Diseases of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- XXII. DISEASES OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
- 230. Approach to the Patient with Allergic or Immunologic Disease
- Allergic Disease
- Inborn Errors of Immunity
- 231. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
- An Approach to Evaluation of the Immune System
- Severe T- and B-Cell Combined Defects
- Less Severe T- and B-Cell Combined Defects
- Combined Defects with Syndromic Features
- Defects of Immune Globulin and Antibody Production
- Complement Disorders
- C1 Inhibitor Deficiency
- Phagocytic Defects
- Immune Dysregulation Syndromes
- Diseases of Intrinsic and Inate Immunity
- Autoinflammatory Disorders
- Bone Marrow Failure Defects
- 232. Urticaria and Angioedema
- Histamine-Induced Acute and Chronic Urticaria
- Bradykinin-Mediated Hereditary Angioedema and Related Diseases
- 233. Anaphylaxis
- 234. Drug Allergy
- 235. Mastocytosis
- Section XXIII. Rheumatic Diseases
- XXIII. RHEUMATIC DISEASES
- 236. Approach to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease
- 237. Laboratory Testing in the Rheumatic Diseases
- Markers of Inflammation
- Laboratory Evaluation of Arthritis and Related Diseases
- Laboratory Evaluation of Systemic Inflammatory Disease
- 238. Imaging Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases
- Radiographic Evaluation
- Computed Tomography
- Ultrasonography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Scintigraphy
- 239. Inherited Diseases of Connective Tissue
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Marfan Syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta Syndromes
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
- 240. The Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Interleukin-1–Related Periodic Fever Syndromes
- The Interferonopathies: Type I Interferon–Associated Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Autoinflammatory Diseases Associated With Activation of NF-κB
- Other Inherited Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
- Somatic Mutation And Late-Onset Autoinflammatory Disease
- 241. Osteoarthritis
- 242. Bursitis, Tendinopathy, Other Periarticular Disorders, and Sports Medicine
- Sports Medicine Injuries
- Disorders of the Shoulder Region
- Disorders of the Elbow Region
- Disorders of the Wrist and Hand
- Disorders of the Hip Region
- Disorders of the Knee Region
- Disorders of the Ankle and Foot Region
- 243. Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 244. Spondyloarthritis
- Common Features of Spondyloarthritis
- Clinical Subsets of the Spondyloarthropathies
- 245. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 246. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
- Systemic Sclerosis
- Other Sclerotic Diseases
- 247. Sjögren Syndrome
- 248. Inflammatory Myopathies
- 249. The Systemic Vasculitides
- Specific Vasculitides
- 250. Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- 251. Infections of Bursae, Joints, and Bones
- Infection of Bursae
- Infection of Joints
- Osteomyelitis
- 252. Crystal Deposition Diseases
- Gout and Hyperuricemia
- Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
- Apatite (Basic Calcium Phosphate)-Associated Arthropathy
- 253. Fibromyalgia
- 254. Systemic Diseases in Which Arthritis Is a Feature
- Autoimmune Hepatitis
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Cirrhosis)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Whipple Disease
- Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Disease)
- Pancreatitis-Arthritis Syndrome
- Hemophilia
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Amyloidosis
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Thyroid Disorders
- Parathyroid Disorders
- Acromegaly
- Hyperlipoproteinemia
- Paget Disease
- Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
- Leukemia and Lymphoma
- Carcinomatous Polyarthritis
- Arthritis Associated With Treatments for Malignant Diseases
- Palmar Fasciitis and Arthritis Syndrome
- Hemochromatosis
- Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease
- Alkaptonuria (Ochronosis)
- Fabry Disease
- Relapsing Polychondritis
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor: Diffuse Type
- 255. Surgical Treatment of Joint Diseases
- Deciding Upon Surgery
- Anesthesia in the Orthopedic Patient
- Orthopedic Procedures
- Surgical Complications
- Perioperative Arthritis Medication
- Section XXIV. Infectious Diseases
- XXIV. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- 256. Introduction to Microbial Disease: Pathophysiology and Diagnostics
- Emerging Infections
- Genomics
- Genetic Susceptibility and Response to Infection
- Innate Immunity
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- The Role of Infectious Agents in Chronic Diseases
- 257. The Human Microbiome
- Structure and Function Relationships of the Microbiome
- Studying the Microbiome
- Establishment of the Microbiome
- Alteration of the Microbiome
- Disease Associations
- Therapies Targeting the Microbiome
- Conclusions
- 258. Principles of Anti-Infective Therapy
- Selecting Antimicrobial Therapy
- Considerations of Antimicrobial Administration
- Administrative Aspects of Antimicrobial Therapy
- 259. Approach to Fever or Suspected Infection in the Normal Host
- Overview of Fever
- Specific Fever Syndromes
- 260. Approach to Fever and Suspected Infection in the Immunocompromised Host
- General Concepts
- Approach to the Patient
- Fever in the Compromised Host
- 261. Prevention and Control of Health Care–Associated Infections
- The Burden of Health Care–Associated Infections
- 262. Approach to the Patient with Suspected Enteric Infection
- 263. Approach to the Patient with Urinary Tract Infection
- 264. Approach to the Patient with a Sexually Transmitted Infection
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Sexually Transmitted Infection Syndromes
- Prevention
- 265. Approach to the Patient Before and After Travel
- Immunization
- Malaria Chemoprophylaxis
- Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika
- Traveler’s Diarrhea
- SARS-COV-2
- Preventive Behaviors
- Noninfectious Travel Problems
- Post-Travel Care
- 266. Antibacterial Chemotherapy
- Choice of Antibiotic, Dose, and administration Schedule
- Culture and Gram Stain
- Susceptibility
- Determining the “Correct” Drug Dose
- Resistance
- Mechanism of Action
- Effects of Pharmacokinetic Changes
- Drug Classes and Their Properties
- Toxicities
- Duration of Therapy
- Failure of Antimicrobial Therapy
- 267. Staphylococcal Infections
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Toxin-Mediated Staphylococcal Diseases
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Scalded Skin Syndrome
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
- 268. Streptococcus Pneumoniae Pulmonary Infections
- 269. Nonpneumococcal Streptococcal Infections and Rheumatic Fever
- Classification and Identification of Streptococci
- Streptococcus Pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) Infections
- Streptococcus Agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
- Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subspecies Equisimilis (Group C and Group G Streptococcus)
- Viridans Group Streptococci (Streptococcus anginosus Group/Streptococcus milleri Group)
- Zoonotic Streptococcus
- 270. Enterococcal Infections
- 271. Clostridial and Clostridioides Infections
- Diarrheal Syndromes
- Necrotizing Clostridial Tissue Infection
- Neurotoxic Clostridial Infections
- 272. Gram-Positive Rod Infections
- Infections Caused by Bacillus Anthracis and Other Bacillus Species
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- Diphtheria and Other Infections Caused by Corynebacteria
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- Erysipeloid and Other Erysipelothrix Infections
- Listeriosis
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 273. Diseases Caused by Non–Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacteria
- 274. Neisseria Meningitidis Infections
- 275. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections
- Specific Clinical Syndromes
- 276. Chancroid
- 277. Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections
- Haemophilus Influenzae
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- Other Haemophilus Species
- Moraxella Infections
- Prognosis
- 278. Cholera and Other Vibrio Infections
- Cholera
- Other Vibrio Infections
- 279. Campylobacter Infections
- Prevention
- Other Campylobacter Species
- 280. Escherichia Coli Enteric Infections
- 281. Enterobacterales: Non-Enteric Infections and Multidrug Resistance
- 282. Pseudomonas and Burkholderia Infections
- Pseudomonas Infection
- Burkholderia Infections
- 283. Diseases Caused by Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas Species
- Acinetobacter Spp
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- 284. Salmonella Infections (Including Enteric Fever)
- 285. Shigellosis
- 286. Brucellosis
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 287. Tularemia and Other Francisella Infections
- 288. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections
- Plague
- Yersiniosis
- 289. Whooping Cough and Other Bordetella Infections
- 290. Legionella Infections
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 291. Bartonella Infections
- Intraerythrocytic Bacteremia: Oroya Fever and Trench Fever
- Cat-Scratch Disease
- Bacteremia and Endocarditis
- Vasculoproliferative Disease: Bacillary Angiomatosis, Peliosis Hepatis, and Verruga Peruana
- 292. Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)
- Prognosis
- 293. Mycoplasma Infections
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Other Mycoplasma Species
- 294. Diseases Caused by Chlamydiae
- Chlamydial Diseases
- 295. Syphilis and Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses
- Syphilis
- Nonsyphilitic Treponematoses
- 296. Lyme Disease
- 297. Relapsing Fever and Other Borrelia Infections
- 298. Leptospirosis
- 299. Tuberculosis
- 300. The Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 301. Leprosy (Hansen Disease)
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 302. Rickettsial Infections
- Rickettsioses (Diseases Caused by Rickettsia Species and Orientia Tsutsugamushi)
- Ehrlichioses and Anaplasmoses
- Q Fever
- 303. Zoonoses
- 304. Actinomycosis
- 305. Whipple Disease
- 306. Nocardiosis
- Prognosis
- 307. Systemic Antifungal Agents
- Azole Antifungal Agents
- Amphotericin Preparations
- Echinocandin Antifungal Agents
- Flucytosine
- Ibrexafungerp
- Other Agents
- 308. Endemic Mycoses
- Blastomycosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Image 41Sporotrichosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- 309. Cryptococcosis
- 310. Candidiasis
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 311. Aspergillosis
- 312. Mucormycosis
- Prognosis
- 313. Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- 314. Mycetoma and Dematiaceous Fungal Infections
- 315. Antiparasitic Therapy
- Protozoal Diseases
- Helminthic Diseases
- 316. Malaria
- 317. African Sleeping Sickness
- 318. Chagas Disease
- 319. Leishmaniasis
- Visceral Leishmaniasis
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
- 320. Toxoplasmosis
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 321. Cryptosporidiosis
- 322. Giardiasis
- 323. Amebiasis
- Free-Living Amebae
- 324. Babesiosis and Other Protozoan Diseases
- Babesiosis
- Enteric Protozoa
- Coccidian Enteritis
- Other Enteric Protozoans
- 325. Cestodes
- Intestinal Tapeworm Infections
- Tissue Cestode (Cyst) Infection
- 326. Trematode Infections
- Schistosomiasis
- Liver, Intestinal, and Lung Flukes
- 327. Nematode Infections
- Intestinal Nematode Infections
- Tissue Nematode Infections
- 328. Antiviral Therapy (Non-HIV)
- Antivirals for Hepatitis B Virus Infections
- Antivirals for Hepatitis C Virus Infections
- Antivirals for Herpesvirus Infections
- Antivirals for Influenza Virus Infections
- Antivirals for Coronavirus Infections
- Other Antivirals
- 329. The Common Cold
- 330. Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Human Metapneumovirus
- 331. Parainfluenza Viral Disease
- 332. Influenza
- Prognosis
- 333. Adenovirus Diseases
- 334. Pre-2019 Coronaviruses
- Seasonal Coronavirus
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 335. COVID-19: Virology and Pathology
- SARS-CoV-2: The Virus and the Genome
- Origin of SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Cells
- COVID-19
- The Immune Response
- Variants of Concern
- 336. COVID-19: Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Community Prevention, and Prognosis
- 337. COVID-19 Treatment and Vaccination
- Treatment of Infected Persons
- Prevention
- 338. Measles
- Prevention
- Prognosis
- 339. Rubella (German Measles)
- 340. Mumps
- 341. Polyomaviruses
- Human Polyomavirus
- BK Polyomavirus
- JC Polyomavirus
- Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
- Other Cutaneous Human Polyomavirus–Associated Diseases
- 342. Parvovirus
- 343. Smallpox, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections
- 344. Papillomavirus
- 345. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
- Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts
- Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
- 346. Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox, Shingles)
- 347. Cytomegalovirus
- 348. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
- Acute Infection
- Other Clinical Syndromes
- 349. Enteroviruses
- Specific Clinical Syndromes
- 350. Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, and Other Gastrointestinal Viruses
- 351. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- 352. Arboviruses Causing Fever, Rash, and Neurologic Syndromes
- Common Features of Arboviruses
- Fever and Myalgia Syndrome
- Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndrome
- Section XXV. Retroviruses
- XXV. RETROVIRUSES
- 353. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- Global Statistics
- Global Impact and Response
- Regional Epidemics and Responses
- 354. Pathobiology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
- Replication Cycle
- Physiology of HIV Infection
- 355. Acute Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of HIV
- 356. Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
- Modes of Transmission and Prevention
- Prevention Interventions for Infected Individuals
- Prevention in Development
- 357. Antiretroviral Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
- Available Drugs
- When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy
- What to Start
- What to Monitor
- When to Change Antiretroviral Therapy
- Side Effects and Toxicity
- Special Populations
- Cure
- 358. Microbial Complications of HIV/AIDS
- Microbial Complications
- Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
- 359. Systemic Manifestations of HIV/AIDS
- Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of HIV
- Renal Manifestations
- Hematology and Oncology
- Cardiovascular Manifestations of HIV
- Endocrine Manifestations of HIV
- Pulmonary Manifestations
- Gastrointestinal Manifestations of HIV
- Dermatologic Manifestations of HIV
- Musculoskeletal Manifestations of HIV
- 360. Retroviruses Other Than Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
- HTLV-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis
- Other HTLV-Associated Conditions
- Section XXVI. Behavioral Medicine
- XXVI. BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
- 361. Delirium and Changes in Mental Status
- Evaluation of Change in Mental Status
- Delirium
- 362. Psychiatric Disorders in Medical Practice
- Overview
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder
- Other Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
- Acute Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Disorders
- Eating Disorders
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
- Personality Disorders
- Suicide and Evaluation of Suicidality
- When to Refer a Patient for Psychiatric Evaluation
- 363. Nicotine and Tobacco
- 364. Alcohol Use Disorders
- 365. Drug Use Disorders
- Major Drugs
- Section XXVII. Neurology
- XXVII. NEUROLOGY
- 366. Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease
- Acute Neurologic Disorders Requiring Immediate Diagnosis and Treatment
- Neurologic Examination
- Common Complaints of Possible Neurologic Origin
- Neurologic Diagnostic Procedures
- 367. Headaches and Other Head Pain
- Migraine Headache
- Tension-Type Headache
- Cluster Headache and Other Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
- Chronic Daily Headache
- Secondary Causes of Headaches
- 368. Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury
- Acute Brain and Spinal Injury
- Post-traumatic Hematomas
- 369. Mechanical and Other Lesions of the Spine, Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord
- Disorders of the Spine
- Cervical Spinal Stenosis and Spondylotic Myelopathy
- Disorders of the Nerve Roots
- Disorders of the Spinal Cord
- 370. Regional Cerebral Dysfunction: Higher Mental Functions
- Memory Function and Amnesic Disorders
- Language Function and Aphasic Disorders
- Cortical Disorders of Visual Function and Hemispatial Neglect
- Executive Cognitive Dysfunction and the Control of Interpersonal Behavior
- 371. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
- The Spectrum of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia
- Management of Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia
- Alzheimer Disease
- Cognitive Impairment Due to Cerebrovascular Disease
- Dementia with Lewy Bodies
- Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Other Classic Prion Diseases
- Rapidly Progressive Dementia
- Family Testing
- 372. The Epilepsies
- 373. Coma, Disorders of Consciousness, and Brain Death
- Coma
- Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome
- Minimally conscious state
- The Locked-in Syndrome
- Brain Death
- 374. Sleep Disorders
- Hypersomnia
- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
- 375. Approach to Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Cerebral Ischemia
- Cerebral Hemorrhage
- Cerebral Edema
- 376. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease
- Unusual Causes of Stroke
- Cryptogenic Stroke
- 377. Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disease
- Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Vascular Malformations
- 378. Parkinsonism
- Parkinson Disease
- Other Causes of Parkinsonism
- 379. Other Movement Disorders
- Tremor
- Chorea
- Dystonia
- Tics
- Myoclonus
- Hyperexplexia
- Other Movement Disorders
- 380. Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Other Diseases of Myelin
- Chronic Autoimmune Syndromes
- 381. Meningitis: Bacterial, Viral, and Other
- Bacterial Meningitis
- Viral Meningitis
- Other Meningitides
- 382. Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections
- Brain Abscess
- Spinal Epidural Abscess
- Subdural Empyema
- Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Infection
- Neurologic Complications of Infectious Endocarditis
- Virally Mediated Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
- 383. Encephalitis
- Viral Encephalitis
- 384. Nutritional and Alcohol-Related Neurologic Disorders
- Deficiency of Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Deficiency of Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Deficiency of Miscellaneous Elements and Nutrients
- Alcohol-Related Disorders
- Osmotic Demyelination
- 385. Developmental and Neurocutaneous Disorders
- Neural Tube Defects
- Brain Malformations
- Cerebral Palsy
- Cognitive Disorders
- Neurocutaneous Disorders
- 386. Autonomic Disorders
- Systemic Autonomic Disorders
- Specific Autonomic Disorders
- Regional Sympathetic Dysfunction
- 387. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Spinal Muscular Atrophies
- Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy/Kennedy Disease
- 388. Peripheral Neuropathies
- Approach to Peripheral Neuropathy
- Inherited Neuropathies
- Inflammatory and Immunologic Neuropathies
- Vasculitic Neuropathies
- Neuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathies and Multiple Myeloma
- Paraneoplastic Neuropathies
- The Diabetic Neuropathies
- Infectious Neuropathies
- Toxic and Deficiency Syndromes
- Critical Illness Neuropathy
- Neuralgic Amyotrophy (Idiopathic Brachial Plexitis)
- Compressive Mononeuropathies
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
- Bell Palsy
- Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
- 389. Muscle Diseases
- Specific Muscle Diseases
- Congenital Muscular Dystrophies
- Inflammatory Muscle Diseases
- 390. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
- Neuromyotonia
- Botulism
- Other Neurotoxins
- Section XXVIII. Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases
- XXVIII. EYE, EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISEASES
- 391. Diseases of the Visual System
- Common Clinical Conditions
- Inflammatory Eye Disorders
- Infectious Eye Disorders
- Structural and Age-Related Disorders
- Systemic Diseases with Ocular Symptoms During Adulthood
- Vascular Abnormalities of the Eye
- Idiopathic Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders
- Genetically Determined Diseases That May Become Symptomatic During Adulthood
- Common Pediatric or Adolescent Diseases That May Persist into Adulthood
- Tumors of the Eye
- Ocular Effects of Systemic Medications
- 392. Neuro-Ophthalmology
- Vision
- Pupillary Control
- Oculomotor Control
- 393. Diseases of the Mouth and Salivary Glands
- Oral Mucosal Diseases
- Oral Soft Tissue Tumors
- Salivary Gland Diseases
- Periodontal Disease
- Acute Dental Infections
- 394. Approach to the Patient with Nose, Sinus, and Ear Disorders
- Nasal and Sinus Complaints
- Nasal Polyps
- Epistaxis
- Ear Pain
- 395. Smell and Taste
- 396. Hearing and Equilibrium
- Disorders of the Auditory System
- Equilibrium–Vestibular System
- 397. Throat Disorders
- Anatomy of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
- Infectious Diseases of the Upper Aerodigestive System
- Noninfectious Pharyngitis
- Section XXIX. Medical Consultation
- XXIX. MEDICAL CONSULTATION
- 398. Principles of Medical Consultation
- Approach to Medical Consultation
- Consultative Settings
- Setting-Specific Consultative Issues
- Strategies for Effective Consultation
- Special Consultative Situations
- Responsibilities of the Consultant
- Impact of Consultations on Patient Outcome
- 399. Preoperative Evaluation
- General Principles
- General Preoperative Evaluation
- Assessing Risk
- Approach to Managing Medications
- Communicating with the Surgeon and Anesthesiologist
- 400. Overview of Anesthesia
- Preoperative Assessment
- Medication Reactions
- Intraoperative Management
- General Versus Regional Anesthesia
- Nausea and Vomiting
- 401. Postoperative Care and Complications
- Postoperative Care
- Complications
- 402. Medical Care of Patients with Psychiatric Diseases
- Population Health for Persons with Severe Mental Illnesses
- Specific Health Challenges for Patients with Severe Mental Illness
- Providing Care in Different Settings
- Medical Complications of Psychiatric Treatments
- Approach to Common Symptoms and Findings
- Giving Recommendations
- Ongoing Ambulatory Medical Care of the Psychiatric Patient
- Section XXX. Skin Diseases
- XXX. SKIN DISEASES
- 403. Approach to Skin Diseases
- Structure and Function of the Skin
- Approach to a Skin Problem
- Approach to Diagnosis
- Life-Threatening Emergencies
- Diagnostic Tests
- Pruritus
- 404. Principles of Therapy of Skin Diseases
- Principles of Topical Therapy
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Antimicrobial Agents
- Antipruritic or Anesthetic Agents
- Agents that Improve Surface Functions (Lubrication, Scale)
- Immune Therapies
- Treatment for Skin Cancers (See Chapter 188)
- 405. Eczemas, Photodermatoses, Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases, and Figurate Erythemas
- Eczema
- Photodermatoses
- Papulosquamous (Including Fungal) Diseases
- Figurate Erythemas
- 406. Macular, Papular, Purpuric, Vesiculobullous, and Pustular Diseases
- Macular and Papular Exanthems
- Vesiculobullous Diseases
- Pustular Eruptions
- Rosacea
- Periorificial Dermatitis
- Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis
- Pustular Psoriasis
- Folliculitis
- Hidradenitis Suppuritiva
- Sweet Syndrome
- 407. Urticaria, Drug Hypersensitivity Rashes, Nodules and Tumors, and Atrophic Diseases
- Urticaria
- Drug Rashes
- Benign Papules, Nodules, and Tumors
- Atrophic and Sclerotic Lesions
- 408. Infections, Pigmentation Disorders, Regional Dermatology, and Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin
- Infections, Including Cellulitis
- Disorders of Hypopigmentation and Hyperpigmentation
- Distinctive Lesions in Black Skin
- Regional Dermatoses
- 409. Diseases of Hair and Nails
- Hair Disorders
- Telogen Effluvium
- Diffuse Alopecia
- Patchy Alopecia
- Hair Disorders in Children
- Racial Differences
- Excessive Hair Growth
- Nail Disorders
- Appendix. Reference Intervals and Laboratory Values
- INDEX
- IBC
- No. of pages: 3040
- Language: English
- Edition: 27
- Published: August 15, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323930390
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323930383
LG
Lee Goldman
Executive Vice President for Health and Biomedical Sciences and Dean of the Faculties of Health Sciences and of Medicine, Harold and Margaret Hatch Professor of the University, Professor of Medicine and of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
Affiliations and expertise
Harold and Margaret Hatch Professor, Executive Vice President and Dean of the Faculties of Health Sciences and Medicine, Chief Executive, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New YorkKC
Kathleen A. Cooney
Affiliations and expertise
George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina