GNSS Monitoring of the Terrestrial Environment

Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Climate Change

1st Edition - July 31, 2024
Editors: Yosuke Aoki, Corné Kreemer
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 5 0 7 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 5 0 8 - 9

GNSS Monitoring of the Terrestrial Environment: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Climate Change presents the application of GNSS technologies to natural hazards on Earth. The book deta… Read more

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GNSS Monitoring of the Terrestrial Environment: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Climate Change presents the application of GNSS technologies to natural hazards on Earth. The book details the background theory of the GNSS techniques discussed and takes the reader through applications and implementation. Tables comparing GNSS with other geodetic techniques, such as SAR, VLBI, SLR, and conventional geodetic methods such as strainmeters, tiltmeters, and leveling surveys are also included. The book concludes with a chapter bridging both parts, discussing the relationship between earthquakes, volcanism, and climate change.

The book is aimed at academics, researchers, and advanced students working in the fields of remote sensing technologies or natural hazards. It is divided into two parts, with the first covering the monitoring of earthquakes, volcanoes, and applications of GNSS signals to better understand earthquakes and volcanism, while the second part covers monitoring climate change with GNSS.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Chapter 1 Introduction
Abstract
1 History
2 Measuring Earth’s deformation onshore
3 Measuring Earth’s deformation offshore
4 Unconventional use of GNSS
5 GNSS and climate change
6 Future of GNSS
References
Chapter 2 Technical aspects of GNSS data processing
Abstract
1 GNSS measurements
2 GNSS positioning
3 Atmosphere sounding
4 GNSS reflectometry
References
Part I: Monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes with GNSS
Chapter 3 On the use of GNSS-inferred crustal strain accumulation in evaluating seismic potential
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Estimation of geodetic strain and moment rates
3 Seismic moment distribution
4 Seismic-to-geodetic moment ratio
5 Geodetic potency versus earthquake numbers
6 Data
7 Results
8 Discussion
Appendix: Approximating cumulative seismic moment distribution
References
Chapter 4 GNSS applications for earthquake deformation
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1 Introduction
2 Observation of the static displacement induced by earthquakes from GNSS
3 Observation of the coseismic static displacement using other techniques
4 Modeling of GNSS static coseismic displacement for imaging earthquake slip distribution
5 Dynamic displacement induced by earthquakes
6 Kinematic inversion: Imaging slip history during earthquake
7 High-rate GNSS as small aperture seismic array
8 Some earthquake properties and perspectives
9 Future issues and opportunities
10 Summary points
References
Chapter 5 GNSS observations of transient deformation in plate boundary zones
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Episodic slow slip and creep events
3 Postseismic deformation and contributions from GNSS
4 Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter 6 Earthquake and tsunami early warning with GNSS data
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Real-time GNSS positioning from a historical perspective
3 Peak ground displacement
4 Coseismic-based methods
5 Algorithm development
6 Future directions
7 Final thoughts
References
Chapter 7 Measuring volcano deformation with GNSS
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Relating observed deformation to subsurface processes
3 Observation of volcano deformation
4 Observations of volcanic plumes by GNSS
5 Recommendations
References
Chapter 8 GNSS applications for ionospheric seismology and volcanology
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction and observation history
2 GNSS-TEC observations
3 Ionospheric seismology
4 Ionospheric volcanology
References
Part II: Monitoring climate change with GNSS
Chapter 9 GNSS applications for measuring sea level changes
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1 Introduction
2 GNSS at traditional tide gauges
3 Reflected GNSS signals
4 Coastal GNSS-R with two or more antennas
5 Coastal GNSS-IR with single antennas
6 Sensing sea level variability with GNSS
7 Selected highlights
8 Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 10 GNSS application for weather and climate change monitoring
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Data and methods
3 Extreme weather events
4 Diurnal cycle
5 Annual cycle
6 Interannual variations
7 Long-term trends and climate change
8 Summary and outlook
References
Chapter 11 Monitoring of extreme weather: GNSS remote sensing of flood inundation and hurricane wind speed
Abstract
1 GNSS remote sensing for flood inundation mapping
2 GNSS remote sensing for hurricane wind speed retrieval
References
Chapter 12 GNSS and the cryosphere
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Elastic surface displacements
3 The viscoelastic response of the Earth to cryospheric change
4 GNSS interferometric reflectometry for the cryosphere
Appendix
References
Chapter 13 The role of GNSS monitoring in landslide research
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Landslide motion and landslide types
3 GNSS landslide equipment and data processing
4 Case studies
5 Perspective of GNSS and other landslide deformation methods
References
Chapter 14 Climate- and weather-driven solid Earth deformation and seismicity
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
2 Observing and modeling climate-driven deformation, stress, and seismicity
3 Deformation and seismicity from changing climate and weather
4 Lessons learned from climate-driven deformation and seismicity
5 Summary and future opportunities
References
Chapter 15 Influence of climate change on magmatic processes: What does geodesy and modeling of geodetic data tell us?
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1 Introduction
2 Ongoing glacier load changes at volcanoes
3 Uplift and deformation of volcanoes due to climate change and magma movements
4 Modeling the effects
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Index

Yosuke Aoki

Dr. Yosuke Aoki received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 2001. He was then a Lamont Postdoctoral Fellow at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, NY, United States, between 2001 and 2003. He took a faculty position at Earthquake Research Institute at the University of Tokyo in 2003 and has been there since then. His primary expertise is observing and modeling the deformation of the Earth’s surface associated with seismic and volcanic activity mainly from space geodetic techniques such as GNSS and SAR. For example, he has revealed the magma plumbing system of active volcanoes by combining geodetic data with independent information such as seismic and electromagnetic observations and petrological insights. He is also interested in technical developments to extract hidden information in the data and to gain insights into the mechanics of earthquakes and volcanic activity. He has published more than 90 peer-reviewed articles during his career.

Affiliations and expertise

Faculty Position, Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan

Corné Kreemer

Dr. Corné Kreemer received his Ph.D. degree from Stony Brook University, NY, United States, in 2001. He was a postdoctoral fellow until 2004 at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France, and the Collège de France, Paris, France. Since 2004 he is an academic member of the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory in the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology at the University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States. He also has a joint position at Nevada Seismological Laboratory. His primary expertise is in converting GNSS-derived crustal velocities into strain rate and vertical land motion models and relating those results to earthquake occurrence and lithosphere and mantle dynamics. He has also worked on reference frame definitions, several earthquakes, tsunami early warning, and time-series analysis techniques. He is best known as the main contributor to the Global Strain Rate Model. He has published over 85 peer-reviewed articles.

Affiliations and expertise

Academic Member, Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health