Germfree Research

Foreword

Preface

Section I. Introduction

Germfree Research: A New Approach in Micro-Ecology

Thoughts on the Role of Gnotobiotics in Clinical Medicine

Section II. Gnotobiotic Technology in Clinical Medicine

Germfree Technology in Clinical Medicine: Production and Maintenance of Gnotobiotic States in Man

Patient Isolators Designed in The Netherlands

A Simplified Plastic Flexible Film Isolator System for the Germfree Delivery and Maintenance of Infants with Immune Deficiency

Biomedical Applications of Laminar Airflow

Evaluative Study of Patients with Acute Leukemia under Gnotobiotic Conditions by the Gnotobiotic Project Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (E.O.R.T.C.)

A Gauntlet Isolator for Hip Arthroplasty

Biotyping of Enterobacteriaceae: A Method to Determine the Efficacy of the Barrier Function of Isolation Units

Section III. Effect of Gnotobiotic Environment on Isolated Patients

Investigation of Behavior of Leukemia Patients Treated in Germfree Isolators

Fecal Bile Acids and Neutral Sterols of Gnotobiotic, Antibiotic Fed Normal, and Normal Human Children

Differences in Absorption of Actively Absorbed Sugar in "Gnotobiotic Patients"

Use of a Surgical Isolator for Major Surgery: Influence on Wound Contamination and Postoperative Wound Infections

Clinical Experience with the Control of the Microflora

Controlled Trial of Prophylaxis of Infections from Exogenous and Endogenous Microorganisms

Section IV. Carcinogenesis in Gnotobiotic Environments

Carcinogenesis in Gnotobiotic Rodents

Spontaneous Tumors in Japan-Born Germfree Rats

Study on Trans-Species Induction of Reticular Tissue Neoplasms in Germfree CFWW Mice

Natural Transmission of Leukemia and Mammary Tumors in Conventional and Germfree CFWW Mice

Chemotherapy of Spontaneous Leukemia in Germfree and Conventional AKR Mice

Antithrombin Activity in Decontaminated and Conventional Rats with Acute Leukemia

Cell Transformations in Germfree Fischer Rat

Biosynthesis of Hepatotoxins in Germfree and Conventional Mice

The Enhancement of Bone Marrow Colony-Stimulating Factor Produced by Friend Virus (FV-P) Infection in Germfree Mice

Section V. Gnotobiotic Environments in Dentistry

The Periodontium of Old Germfree and Conventional Rats

Periodontal Disease in Gnotobiotic and Conventional Rice Rats

The Periodontium of Germfree Dogs

Inflammation after Pulp Exposure of Teeth in Germfree, Defined Flora and Isolator Conventional Mice

Comparison of Anticaries Effects of Different Polyglucanases in Limited-Flora Hamsters Infected with Streptococcus mutans

Observations on the Cariogenic Assessment of Streptococci in Gnotobiotic Rats, with Reference to the Taxonomy of Streptococcus mutans

Relationship of Specific Antibacterial Agglutinins in Saliva to Dental Caries in Gnotobiotic Rats

Effectiveness of High Speed Dental Drills as Nebulizers and Control of the Generated Aerosols

Section VI. Nutrition and Metabolism

The Breakdown of Starch at Different Levels in the Digestive Tract of the Axenic, Gnotoxenic, and Holoxenic Chicken

Interrelationships between the Gut Microflora and the Response of Chicks to Unidentified Growth Factors

The Influence of the Antibiotics Aureomycin and Moenomycin (Flavomycin) on Germfree Chicks under Stress Conditions

Improved Lactation in Germfree Mice Following Changes in the Amino Acid and Fat Components of a Chemically Defined Diet

Digestibility and Balance Studies of Gnotobiotic Pigs

The Significance of the Intestinal Microflora on the Growth of Japanese Quail Fed Diets Containing Navy Beans

Causes and Possible Consequences of Cecal Enlargement in Germfree Rats

The Bile Acids of the Mouse: Effect of Microflora, Age and Sex

Biohydrogenation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids by Intestinal Microorganisms

Urinary Calculi in Germfree Rats: Alleviated by Varying the Dietary Minerals

Protein Metabolism in the Germfree and Conventional Chick

Role of Cysteine Ethyl Ester and Indigenous Microflora in the Pathogenesis of an Experimental Hemolytic Anemia, Azotemia, and Pancreatic Acinar Atrophy

Nitrogen Metabolism in Germfree Rats

Electron Microscopic Studies on Cardiac Lesions in Germfree and Conventional Rats Fed Diet Deficient in Vitamin B1

The Role of Urea in the Hyperammonemia of Eck Fistula Dogs

Section VII. Microbiology: Infectious Diseases and Antibiotics

Histopathological and Biochemical Responses of Germfree and Conventional Mice with Salmonella Infection

Studies on the Pathogenesis of Candida albicans by the Use of Germfree Mice

Development of Kanamycin-Resistant Serratia marcescens in Gnotobiotic Mice

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Infection in Hyper sensitized Gnotobiotic Pigs and SEM Examination of the Lesions

The Effect of Antibiotics against the Intestinal Bacterial Flora

Influence of Nutritional Levels of Spiramycin and Virginiamycin on the Bacterial Metabolites in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Urine of Artificially Reared Early Weaned Piglets

Study of the Gastrointestinal Microflora of Suckling and Early Weaned Piglets Using Different Feeding Systems and Feed Additives

Studies with Lactobacillus casei in Gnotobiotic Mice

Immunologie Conversion of Vibrio cholerae in Gnotobiotic Mice

Significance of Intestinal Bacterial Flora to Infection

Experimental Airborne Influenza PR8-A Infections in Germfree Mice

Pathogenicity of Candida albicans as Influenced by Escherichia coli, Gentamicin Therapy, and Thermal Injury in the Germfree Mouse

Section VIII. Microbiology: "Normal" Flora

Equilibrium between Ten Strictly Anaerobic Bacterial Strains in the Digestive Tract of "Gnotoxenic" Mice and Rats. Role of the Diet

Kinetics of the Establishment of a Strictly Anaerobic Microflora in the Digestive Tract of "Gnotoxenic" Mice between Birth and Weaning

Patterns of Interaction in Gnotobiotic Mice among Bacteria of a Synthetic "Normal" Intestinal Flora

Control of Staphylococci in the Gut of Mice

The Slow-To-Rapid Lactose Fermentation Shift in the Coliform Bacterial Population of the Germfree-Like Ceca of Antibiotic-Treated Rats

Section IX. Gnotobiotic Environments in Parasitology

Aspiculuris tetraptera Nietsch, 1821, in Germfree and Conventional Mice

Comparative Pathology and Lesions of Experimental Infections with Eimeria tenella in Germfree, Specific Pathogen-Free, and Conventional Chickens

The Development of Eimeria tenella in Germfree Chickens

Eimeria maxima Infections in Germfree and Gnotobiotic Chickens

Section X. Radiation and Immunology

Influence of Antibiotic Decontamination on Thrombocytopenic Bleeding in Irradiated Rats

Evidence for Graft vs. Host Reaction in the Germfree Allogeneic Radiation Chimera

Mortality of Secondary Disease in Antibiotic-Treated Mouse Radiation Chimeras

Influence of a Defined Flora on the Serum Proteins of Gnotobiotic Rats

Comparisons of Natural and Immune Antibodies to Teichoic Acids in Germfree and Conventional Guinea Pigs

Viral Enteric Infection and Local IgA Antibody: Studies in Germfree Mice Thymectomized and/or Infected with a Mouse Adenovirus

Ascorbic Acid and Glucocorticoid Levels in Relation to Underdeveloped Lymphatic Tissue in Germfree Guinea Pigs

Section XI. Physiological Effects of Gnotobiotic Environments

Testicular Functions of Germfree Mice

Studies of Vasopressin in Germfree and Conventional Rats

Responsiveness of Jejunal-Ileal Mesentery Microvessels in Unoperated and Cecectomized Germfree Rats to Some Smooth Muscle Agonists

Epinephrine Inhibitory Substance in Intestinal Contents of Germfree Rats

Hemorrhagic Shock in Cecectomized Germfree Rats

Cecal Reduction in "Gnotoxenic" Rats

The Influence of Gastrointestinal Flora on Digestive Utilization of Fatty Acids in Rats

Intestinal Strangulation in Monocontaminated Rats

Studies on Enteropathogenic E. coli Enterotoxins; Microbial Flora and Disaccharidase Concentration Changes in Ligated Pig Intestinal Loop

The Gastrointestinal Tract of Gnotobiotic Pigs

Effects of Germfree Rodent's Cecal Contents on Spontaneous Villus Movement

Chronic Mild Diarrhea in Germfree Rodents: A Model Portraying Host-Flora Synergism

Section XII. Gnotobiotic Technology

A Lightweight Stainless Steel Isolation System for Adult Gnotobiotic Dogs

Raising Germfree Baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

The Establishment of a Defined Hamster Colony Utilizing Gnotobiotic Techniques

Studies on Rearing the Hamster Germfree

Raising Specified Pathogen-Free Guinea Pigs and Rabbits by Using Gnotobiotechniques

Observations on the Reproductive Performance and Laboratory Use of Inbred Mice Whose Ancestors were Derived via Surgical/Isolator Techniques

Technology Advancements in the Growth of Germfree Plants at the Manned Spacecraft Center

Plant Gnotobiotic Research in Plant Pathology and Plant Physiology

Bacterial Growth, Glucidic and Nitrogenous Metabolism in Gnotoxenic Ensilages of Lucerne, Ray Grass, and Fescue

Studies on the Nutrition of the Snail Biomphalaria glabrata under Axenic Conditions

Participants