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Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals
3rd Edition - July 3, 2022
Editor: Temple Grandin
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 7 5 2 - 9
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 4 6 - 1
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, Third Edition offers the latest and most valuable information on animal science and behavioral genetics, carrying on the book’s… Read more
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Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, Third Edition offers the latest and most valuable information on animal science and behavioral genetics, carrying on the book’s legacy since its original publication in 1998. This book synthesizes research from behavioral genetics and animal and veterinary science, bridging the gap between these fields. The objective is to show that principles of behavioral genetics have practical applications to agricultural and companion animals.
The continuing domestication of animals is a complex process whose myriad impacts on animal behavior are commonly under-appreciated. Genetic factors play a significant role in both species-specific behaviors and behavioral differences exhibited by individuals in the same species. Leading authorities explore the impact of increased intensities of selection on domestic animal behavior. Rodents, cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, herding and guard dogs, and poultry are all included in these discussions of genetics and behavior, making this book useful to veterinarians, livestock producers, laboratory animal researchers and technicians, animal trainers and breeders, and any researcher interested in animal behavior.
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, Third Edition
is the most valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in animal and veterinary science, animal behavior, genetics, ethology, and similar fields. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines will also benefit from the global expertise featured in this newest edition.- Provides full and thorough updates to all chapters, ensuring dissemination of the latest data and research
- Synthesizes research from behavioral genetics, animal science, and veterinary literature
- Broaches fields of behavior genetics and behavioral research
- Includes practical applications of principles discovered by behavioral genetics researchers
- Covers many species ranging from pigs, dogs, foxes, rodents, cattle, horses, and cats
Researchers in animal behavior; ethology; genetics; veterinary science; evolutionary, behavioral and ecological biology and ecology
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Behavioral genetics and animal science
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Genetics shapes behavior
- Genetic effects of domestication
- Basic genetic mechanisms
- Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
- Repeats
- Copy number variations
- Jumping genes
- Coding DNA
- Noncoding DNA, also called regulatory DNA
- Exome
- RNA transcriptome
- De novo mutations
- Quantitative trait loci
- Haplotypes
- Epigenetics
- Lamarckism
- Brain genetics more complex than other traits
- A brief historical review of animal behavior study
- Behaviorism
- Instincts versus learning
- Ethology
- Ethology and behaviorism provide tools to study emotions and behaviors
- Neuroscience and behavior
- Emotional systems motivate behavior
- Confusion of emotional systems may confound studies
- Genetics and emotional systems
- Interactions between genetics and experience
- Interactions between instinctual hard-wired behavior and experience
- The paradox of novelty
- Reaction to novelty
- Genetic factors and the need for novelty
- Temperament is not just about fear
- Species differences in emotional reactions to similar tests
- Biological basis of fear
- Fearfulness and the mothering instinct conflict
- Nervous system reactivity changed by the environment
- Taming does not change nervous system reactivity
- Domestic versus wild and fear responses
- Neoteny
- Overselection for specific traits
- Overselection in livestock
- Links between different traits
- Transgenic mice
- Random factors and noninherited effects on variation
- Concluding thoughts
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 2. Behavioral genetics and animal domestication
- Abstract
- Definition of domestication
- The domesticated phenotype
- Evolutionary mechanisms in domestication
- Genetic mechanisms in domestication
- The role of hybridization in domestication
- Genetic architecture of domestication
- What types of mutations cause the domestic phenotype?
- Copy number variation
- Mapping genes for behavior—top-down approaches
- Mapping genes for behavior—bottom-up approaches
- Effects of specific mutations
- Epigenetics
- Closing remarks
- References
- Chapter 3. How studying interactions between animal emotions, cognition, and personality can contribute to improve farm animal welfare
- Abstract
- Preface to “How studying interactions between animal emotions, cognition, and personality can contribute to improve farm animal welfare” by Dr. Temple Grandin
- References
- Introduction
- Do animals feel emotions?
- Influence of cognitive processes on emotions
- Alteration of the judgment and decision-making by emotions
- Animal individuality in emotions: the concept of personality
- Individual variability in emotional behaviors
- Consistency of fear-related responses across different frightening situations
- Consistency of fear-related responses over time
- Personality as a complex intermediate variable
- Pre-existing characteristics of temperament
- A concept of positive welfare based on positive experiences
- Genetics and selective breeding for alleviating negative emotions
- Eliciting positive emotions by enriching the environment and management
- Environmental enrichment
- Positive human contact and training programs
- Cognitive enrichment: a new approach based on the animals’ appraisal abilities
- Promoting positive experiences to mitigate negative experiences and to improve animal welfare and health
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4. Genetics and behavior during handling, restraint, and herding
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Principles of herd behavior
- Visual and auditory senses
- Differences in the strength of herding behavior of cattle and sheep
- Social behavior and handling
- Flight zone
- Working the flight zone
- Measuring temperament in livestock
- Tests originally designed to measure fearfulness in cattle
- Tests that measure separation distress, fear, and seeking
- Other behavioral indicators which may indicate genetic differences in fear
- Effect of pig genetics on behavior during handling
- Lean, rapid-growing pigs are more excitable
- Behavior problems in crossbred beef cattle during the 1990s
- Animal size, body shape, coat color, and temperament
- Body type and temperament in domestic animals
- Type and temperament in wild herd animals
- Coat color and temperament
- Hair whorls
- Hair whorl height and vigilance
- The effects of early experience on handling
- Effects of environment and experience on pigs
- Excellent memory of aversive experiences
- Training highly reactive animals by introducing novelty gradually
- Innate nervous fearfulness or reaction to separation stress
- Facilitating animal movement in handling facilities
- Genetic effects on handling facility design
- Conclusion
- References
- Further Reading
- Chapter 5. Reproductive and maternal behavior of livestock
- Abstract
- General introduction
- Evolution and domestication
- Maternal behavior
- Selected areas of concern
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6. Factors influencing the expression of behavior in the domestic dog
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Nature
- Nurture
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7. From mind to genome: the effect of domestication on dog cognition and genetics
- Abstract
- Cognitively remarkable
- The domestication hypothesis
- Domesticated foxes
- Comparing wolves and dogs
- What genetic mechanism did evolution target?
- Different types of cognition?
- The opportunity to investigate the genetics of breed differences
- Heritable forms of cognition?
- Applications
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 8. Genetics of domesticated behavior in dogs and foxes
- Abstract
- The dog is the first domesticated species
- Dogs are more competent than wolves in social interaction with humans
- Analysis of temperament traits in dogs
- The farm-fox experiment
- Selection of foxes for tame behavior
- Selection of foxes for aggressive behavior
- Behavioral and physiological changes associated with selection for tame behavior
- Genetics of fox behavior
- What the farm-fox experiment tells us about behavior
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 9. Behavioral genetics in pigs and relations to welfare
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pig behavior
- Farm Animal Welfare Council’s five freedoms
- New phenotypes with new technologies
- Pig behavior and sustainable production
- Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 10. Behavior genetics of the horse (Equus caballus)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Molecular behavior genetics
- Genetic differences interact with environment
- The effects of early experience on behavior
- Prenatal effects on behavior
- Early postnatal effects on behavior induced by handling
- Long-term effects of early intensive handling
- Early postnatal period
- Six months old
- Seven months old (weaning)
- One year old
- A nonintrusive neonatal handling method
- Factors affecting attachment to humans
- Mare behavior and human behavior influence foal behavior
- Serotonin genes and maternal behavior
- Training foals to accept handling
- Wearing a halter and hoof handling
- Subtle individual differences
- More factors that affecting bonding with humans
- Genetics and temperament: origins and outcomes
- Temperament tests
- The relationship between hair whorls and behavior
- Personal observations
- Hair whorls and side preferences
- Hair whorls, temperament, side preference, and environmental interactions
- The paradox of double hair whorls
- The hair whorls position is highly heritable
- Many traits are conserved
- A Predisposition to pathology?
- The science of hair whorls in humans
- Hair whorls in cattle
- Hair whorls in horses
- Increase of double whorls in racing and jumping horses
- Hair whorl height and reactivity in horses
- Lateralization in the nervous system
- Laterality in horses
- Motor asymmetry
- Sensory laterality
- Auditory and olfactory laterality
- Hemispheric dominance
- Hair whorl patterns and lateralization
- Chronic asymmetry
- Experience-dependent lateralized learning
- Switching sides
- Conclusion
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 11. Genetic selection of poultry to improve welfare
- Abstract
- Preface to genetic selection of poultry for behavioral traits to improve welfare by Temple Grandin
- References
- Preface by the authors from the second edition
- Introduction
- Pharmacology
- Surgery
- Ontogeny
- Genetic selection
- Selection procedure
- Selection results
- Stability of the selection results
- Fear reactions
- Social behavior
- Stress reactions
- Neurobiology
- Conclusions
- References
- Additional reading studies published since the first edition
- Chapter 12. Genetic influences on the behavior of chickens associated with welfare and productivity
- Abstract
- Preface to genetic influences on the behavior of chickens associated with welfare and productivity by Temple Grandin
- References
- Introduction
- Assessment of welfare
- Criteria of welfare
- Physiological and immune responses
- Functional genomics
- Productivity
- Behavior
- General
- Domestication and behavior
- Genetic versus environmental influences
- Behavioral differences among populations
- Inbreeding depression and random genetic drift
- Mendelian traits
- Selection involving behavioral traits
- Broodiness
- Stereotyped pacing during the prelaying period
- Feather and cannibalistic pecking
- Agonistic behavior
- Mating behavior of males
- Appetite
- Walking problems and tibial dyschondroplasia
- Fear-associated behavior
- Open-field activity
- Tonic immobility
- Escape and avoidance (“flighty”) behavior
- Potential problems with selection on behavioral traits
- Selection involving production traits
- The environment of selection
- Multilevel selection
- Group selection experiments
- Conclusions from group-selection studies
- Multilevel selection experiments
- General conclusions
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 13. Genetics and animal welfare
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Aggression in pigs
- Tail biting in pigs
- Savaging in sows
- Feather pecking in hens
- Effects of overselection in cattle and pigs
- Muscle growth and welfare
- Porcine stress syndrome and leg problems in pigs
- Problems caused by genetic selection for appetite
- Importance of roughage feeds
- Movement restriction versus feed restriction
- Nervous system abnormalities due to selective breeding for specific behaviors
- Inherited neurological defects
- Nervous defects in rodents and small mammals
- Depigmentation patterns and the nervous system
- Depigmentation, behavior, and defects
- Fluctuating asymmetry and genetic problems
- Welfare and genetic selection
- Transgenic animals used to study human neurological disorders
- Unexpected linked traits
- Speculations of genetic engineering
- Genetic diversity
- Ethical questions
- The farm versus the laboratory
- References
- Further reading
- Index
- No. of pages: 586
- Language: English
- Published: July 3, 2022
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323857529
- eBook ISBN: 9780323984461
TG
Temple Grandin
Temple Grandin is one of the world’s most accomplished and well-known adults with autism. She has a PhD in animal science from the University of Illinois and is a professor at Colorado State University. She is the author of six books, including the national bestsellers Thinking in Pictures and Animals in Translation. Dr. Grandin is a past member of the board of directors of the Autism Society of America. She lectures to parents and teachers throughout the U.S. on her experiences with autism, and her work has been covered in the New York Times, People, National Public Radio, and 20/20. Most recently she was named one of Time Magazine’s 100 most influential people of the year. The HBO movie based on her life, starring Claire Danes, received seven Emmy Awards.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Colorado State University, USA