Genetic Mechanisms of Development

Contents

Contributors and Presiding Chairmen

I. Prokaryotic Systems of Analysis

Regulation of Bacteriophage λ Development

I. Introductory Comments

II. Stages of Phage λ Development

III. The Lytic Pathway

IV. The Lysogenic Pathway

V. Summary of Phage λ Development

References

The Question of Gene Regulation in Sporulating Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. RNA Polymerase Loses Vegetative Template Specificity during Sporulation

III. Genetic Evidence that the Loss of Vegetative Specificity is Critical for Sporulation

IV. In Vitro Transcription of Phage Φe DNA Requires a Sigma Factor

V. Loss of Sigma Activity during Sporulation

VI. In Vitro Transcription of the B. subtilis Ribosomal RNA Genes

VII. The Switch From Vegetative to Sporulation Transcription

VIII. Isolation of a New RNA Polymerase Subunit during Sporulation

IX. RNA Polymerase and Differentiation

References

Genetic Control of Bacteriophage T4 Morphogenesis

I. T4 as a Model System

II. Outlining the Process of T4 Morphogenesis

III. Self-Assembly and Non-Self-Assembly in the Morphogenetic

Pathway

IV. Conclusion

References

II. Eukaryotic Systems of Analysis

Genetics of Sperm Development in Drosophila

I. Introduction

II. The Sequential Events of Spermiogenesis

III. Y-Chromosome Function in Spermiogenesis

IV. Autosomal and X-Linked Gene Function in Spermiogenesis

V. Cellular Specificity of Gene Activity in Spermiogenesis

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Genetic Control of Determination in the Drosophila Embryo

I. Introduction

II. Early Embryogenesis of Drosophila

III. Developmental Potential of Cleavage Nuclei

IV. Determination of Blastoderm Cells

V. Genetic Control of Determination

VI. Conclusion

References

Mapping of Behavior in Drosophila Mosaics

I. Introduction

II. Mutants with Simple Foci

III. Complex Foci

IV. Discussion

V. Conclusion

References

Developmental Genetics of the Axolotl

I. Introduction

II. Genes Affecting the Oocyte Cytoplasm

III. Genes Affecting the Induction of the Heart and the Eye

IV. Comments on Other Genes in the Axolotl

V. Amphibians Other than the Axolotl

VI. Summary

References

Necessary Conditions for Gene Expression during Early Mammalian Development

I. Introduction

II. Biochemical Changes during Early Mammalian Development

III. Is New Genetic Information Required for Development?

IV. Dependence of Differentiation and Development on Cell Interactions within the Embryo

V. Dependence of Development on the Maternal Environment—Preimplantation

VI. Dependence of Development on the. Maternal Environment—Postimplantation

VII. Conclusions

References

Estrogen Regulation of Ovalbumin mRNA Content and Utilization

I. Hormonal Regulation of Ovalbumin Synthesis

II. Assay and Isolation of Ovalbumin mRNA

III. The Mechanism of "Superinduction" of Ovalbumin by Actinomycin D

IV. Discussion

References

Sequence Organization in the Genome of Xenopus laevis

I. Introduction

II. The Repetitive DNA of the Xenopus Genome

III. Binding to Hydroxyapatite of DNA of Various Fragment Lengths

IV. Evidence for Sequence Interspersion from Melting Experiments

V. The Length of Repetitive and Nonrepetitive Sequence Elements

VI. Discussion

References

III. Somatic Cell Genetics Systems of Analysis

Regulation of Differentiated Phenotype in Heterokaryons

I. Introduction

II. Reactivation of the Chick Erythocyte Nucleus

III. Dedifferentiation of the Mouse Macrophage

IV. Evidence for Negative Control in Rat Liver Heterokaryons

V. General Discussion

References

Control of the Differentiated State in Somatic Cell Hybrids

I. Introduction

II. The Approach

III. Suppression of Differentiated Functions in Hybrid Cells

IV. Reappearance of a Differentiated Function in Hybrids following Chromosome Segregation

V. Independent Control of Multiple Differentiated Functions in Hybrid Cells

VI. Effect of Gene Dosage on the Expression of Differentiated Functions in Hybrids

VII. Discussion

References

Somatic Cell Genetics of Higher Plants

I. Introduction

II. Mutant Selection

III. Toward a Parasexual Cycle

IV. Parasexual Organelle Genetics

V. Existing Genetic Variation

VI. Conclusions

References

Social Implications of Genetic Engineering

Statement by Frank H. Ruddle

Statement by Elof A. Carlson

Statement by Margery W. Shaw

Statement by Max Tishler

Appendix Statement by James M. Gustafson

Author Index

Subject Index