Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement

1st Edition - November 10, 2015

Authors: Mohar Singh, Hari D. Upadhyaya

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 2 0 0 0 - 5

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 2 0 3 7 - 1

Genetic and Genomic Resources For Cereals Improvement is the first book to bring together the latest available genetic resources and genomics to facilitate the identification of… Read more

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Genetic and Genomic Resources For Cereals Improvement

is the first book to bring together the latest available genetic resources and genomics to facilitate the identification of specific germplasm, trait mapping, and allele mining that are needed to more effectively develop biotic and abiotic-stress-resistant grains.

As grain cereals, including rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum, and millets constitute the bulk of global diets, both of vegetarian and non-vegetarian, there is a greater need for further genetic improvement, breeding, and plant genetic resources to secure the future food supply.

This book is an invaluable resource for researchers, crop biologists, and students working with crop development and the changes in environmental climate that have had significant impact on crop production. It includes the latest information on tactics that ensure that environmentally robust genes and crops resilient to climate change are identified and preserved.

List of contributors
Preface
Introduction
1: Rice
- Abstract
- 1.1. Introduction
- 1.2. Origin, distribution, and diversity
- 1.3. Germplasm exploration and collection
- 1.4. Germplasm introduction
- 1.5. Germplasm conservation
- 1.6. Germplasm evaluation and utilization
- 1.7. Limitations in germplasm use
- 1.8. Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses
- 1.9. Rejuvenation of cultivated germplasm
- 1.10. Sharing of germplasm
- 1.11. Registration of germplasm (Table 1.9)
- 1.12. Integration of genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement
- 1.13. Conclusions
2: Wheat
- Abstract
- 2.1. Introduction
- 2.2. Evolution and origin of Triticum
- 2.3. Wheat genetic resources and gene pools
- 2.4. Genetic diversity and erosion from the traditional areas
- 2.5. Conservation of genetic resources
- 2.6. Processing to conservation
- 2.7. Role of genetic resources in wheat breeding
- 2.8. Strategies to enhance utilization of genetic resources
- 2.9. Utilization of gene introgression techniques
- 2.10. Utilization of genomics
- 2.11. Future direction and prospects
3: Barley
- Abstract
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Origin
- 3.3. Domestication syndrome
- 3.4. Distribution
- 3.5. Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas
- 3.6. Germplasm evaluation and maintenance
- 3.7. Conservation of genetic resources
- 3.8. Limitation in germplasm use
- 3.9. Genomic resources
- 3.10. Future perspectives
4: Oat
- Abstract
- 4.1. Introduction
- 4.2. Origin, distribution, and diversity
- 4.3. Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas
- 4.4. Status of germplasm resources conservation
- 4.5. Germplasm evaluation and maintenance
- 4.6. Use of germplasm in crop improvement
- 4.7. Limitations in germplasm use
- 4.8. Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses
- 4.9. Integration of genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement
- 4.10. Conclusions
5: Sorghum
- Abstract
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Origin, distribution, and diversity
- 5.3. Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas
- 5.4. Status of germplasm resource conservation
- 5.5. Germplasm evaluation and maintenance
- 5.6. Use of germplasm in crop improvement
- 5.7. Limitations in germplasm use
- 5.8. Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses
- 5.9. Integration of genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement
- 5.10. Conclusions
6: Pearl millet
- Abstract
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Origin, distribution, and diversity
- 6.3. Erosion of genetic diversity and gene flow
- 6.4. Germplasm resources conservation
- 6.5. Germplasm characterization and evaluation
- 6.6. Germplasm regeneration and documentation
- 6.7. Gap analyses of germplasm
- 6.8. Limitations in germplasm use
- 6.9. Germplasm uses in pearl millet improvement
- 6.10. Genomic resources in management and utilization of germplasm
- 6.11. Conclusions
7: Finger and foxtail millets
- Abstract
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. Origin, distribution, diversity, and taxonomy
- 7.3. Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas
- 7.4. Status of germplasm resource conservation
- 7.5. Germplasm evaluation and maintenance
- 7.6. Use of germplasm in crop improvement
- 7.7. Limitations in germplasm use
- 7.8. Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses
- 7.9. Integration of genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement
- 7.10. Utilization of genetic and genomic resources
- 7.11. Conclusions
8: Proso, barnyard, little, and kodo millets
- Abstract
- 8.1. Introduction
- 8.2. Origin, distribution, taxonomy, and diversity
- 8.3. Erosion of genetic diversity from the traditional areas
- 8.4. Status of germplasm resource conservation
- 8.5. Germplasm evaluation and maintenance
- 8.6. Use of germplasm in crop improvement
- 8.7. Limitations in germplasm use
- 8.8. Germplasm enhancement through wide crosses
- 8.9. Integration of genomic and genetic resources in crop improvement
- 8.10. Conclusions
Subject Index

Mohar Singh

Dr Mohar Singh has made an outstanding contribution in the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in India. His research interest reflects a continuum of high quality basic and strategic research in pulses. He has developed 3 core sets, 2 reference sets, registered 4 genetic stocks, 25 gene sequences, 06 farmer varieties and 2 lentil varieties developed through distant hybridization for rainfed areas of north-western Indian himalaya. Conducted 10 explorations on crop wild relatives (CWRs) and explored >900 wild germplasm of cereals, oilseeds and pulses. He is instrumental to initiate pre-breeding in chickpea and lentil in India for securing national nutritional demand. His pioneer research work on understanding the population structure and diversity assessment of global wild species of lentil and chickpea is very well known. This has led to the identification of most target gene sources in the secondary and tertiary gene pool of chickpea and lentil for biofortification of cultivated varieties including several yield and major biotic and abiotic stress related traits were successfully incorporated in cultivated backgrounds of these two important pulse crops. Successful deployment of marker assisted breeding for introgression of two most promising superior haplotypes with high seed weight and high pod number from cultivated and wild species into high yielding varieties of chickpea for improving their overall yield and productivity. Dr Singh has a distinguished record of high quality peer research publications to his credit including scientific reports, DNA Research, Plant Science, Frontiers in Plant Science, PLOS ONE, Plant Breeding, Crop Science, Euphytica, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Journal of Experimental Biology, Plant Genetic Resources of Cambridge, Journal of Genetics, Journal of Environmental Biology, Advances in Hort Science, Journal of Genetics and Breeding, and Indian J. Genet. He is recipient of Harbhajan Memorial Award.

Affiliations and expertise

Principal Scientist, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Shimla, India

Hari D. Upadhyaya

Professor (Plant Genetic Resources), International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India

Affiliations and expertise

International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, India