Fusion Energy Technology R&D Priorities
- 1st Edition - November 17, 2024
- Editor: Laila El-Guebaly
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 6 2 9 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 6 3 0 - 6
Fusion Technology R&D Priorities examines the current landscape of fusion technology. With a strong focus on technological advances, this book considers technical challenge… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFusion Technology R&D Priorities examines the current landscape of fusion technology. With a strong focus on technological advances, this book considers technical challenges and priorities to further the development of fusion research.
Beginning with an introduction to fusion technology research and development, this book then presents an overview of basic magnetic fusion concepts and worldwide pathways to fusion energy. Subsequent chapters then take a deep dive into fusion materials R&D, capabilities of potential neutron sources for materials testing, plasma facing components, and plasma diagnostics, heating, and control. Breeding blanket and tritium system, vacuum vessels, and the shielding system are also highlighted, before concluding with safety features and environmental and social issues.
Presenting the most advanced developments in nuclear fusion R&D, this is an essential read for researchers and engineers interested in nuclear energy and fusion technology.
- Presents the latest advances and developments in fusion science and technology
- Outlines the R&D priorities and critical issues that are foundational to the further development of fusion energy technologies
- Identifies technical fusion challenges and considers future perspectives
- Reviews the present-day status of essential R&D programs that support fusion for energy
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- About the editor
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Introduction
- Chapter 2. Overview of basic magnetic fusion concepts
- Typical configurations of seven magnetic confinement concepts
- Worldwide tokamak experimental facilities
- Fusion radiation environment and heat loads
- Technology readiness levels
- Fusion licensing and regulations
- Worldwide timeline for fusion energy
- Chapter 3. Fusion materials R&D
- Overview
- Reduced-activation steels
- Potential tungsten alloys
- SiC/SiC composites
- Vanadium alloys
- Modeling and simulation of fusion materials
- Chapter 3.1. Status and future development of Japanese reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel F82H
- Introduction
- Key microstructural feature of F82H
- Fabrication and application
- On-going R&D activities
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 3.2. Status of European reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel EUROFER97
- Historic background
- Production of semifinished products
- Applications
- In-vessel components of fusion power plants (DEMO and beyond)
- ITER European test blanket module
- Accelerator facilities
- Ongoing activities/research
- Manufacturing
- Joining and heat treatment
- TBM fabrication
- Licensing, codes and standards, materials property handbook for EUROFER97
- Production and fine-tuning
- Material compatibility and technology validation
- Irradiation data
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 3.3. Status of U.S. reduced activation bainitic steel
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of bainitic steels for fusion energy
- Chapter 3.4. Tungsten alloys R&D program at KIT
- Ongoing activities/research
- Powder injection molding (pure and doped tungsten)
- Lamination (pipes and plates)
- Electron beam melting (EBM)
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 3.5. Tungsten heavy alloys
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 3.6. Dispersion-strengthened tungsten alloy composites
- Research and on-going activities
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 3.7. Tungsten alloy developments in Japan
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 3.8. SiC/SiC composites
- Introduction
- Applications
- Status of material development
- Challenges and R&D priorities
- Chapter 3.9. Vanadium alloys
- Introduction
- Applications and requirements
- Candidate alloys and fabrication technology
- Joining, coating, and compatibility
- Ongoing effort for further improvement of vanadium alloy properties
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- He effects
- Dissimilar joining
- Coating and compatibility in other coolant systems
- Summary
- Chapter 3.10. Modelling and simulation of fusion materials
- Introduction
- Fundamentals
- Modelling methodology
- Future priorities
- Chapter 4. Capabilities of potential neutron sources for fusion materials testing
- Overview
- Chapter 4.1. The U.S. approach to a fusion prototypic neutron source
- Chapter 4.2. DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (IFMIF-DONES)—Spain
- Introduction
- Brief technical description of IFMIF-DONES
- The high-flux test module
- Other irradiation modules inside the test cell
- Other irradiation facilities
- Applications
- Future R&D priorities
- Chapter 4.3. Fusion neutron source (A-FNS)—Japan
- Introduction
- Basic concept of A-FNS
- Test module
- Future irradiation planning for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 4.4. High intensity neutron generator (HINEG-CAS)—China
- Introduction
- Applications
- Neutronics research
- Neutron radiation biology
- Neutron radiography
- Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA)
- Ongoing activities/research
- Magnesium-based solid target research
- Gas target system upgrade
- Volumetric neutron source R&D
- China-Korea cooperation on tritium breeding research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 4.5. Axisymmetric mirror linear neutron source
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 5. Plasma facing components
- Overview
- Chapter 5.1. Challenges of plasma material interactions
- Introduction
- Postulation of the challenge
- PMI in divertor
- Erosion and redeposition
- Evolution of plasma-facing materials
- PMI with the first wall
- Erosion and redeposition
- Damage of the main chamber wall by excessive loads
- Hydrogen retention
- Potential solutions for plasma facing materials and components
- Divertor PFCs
- First wall PFCs
- R&D path elements and priorities
- Testing capabilities
- Chapter 5.2. Helium-cooled divertor option and limitations
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing activities and research
- Future R&D priorities
- Chapter 5.3. Water-cooled divertor option and limitations
- Introduction
- Water divertor architecture design
- Plasma facing components
- Nuclear behavior
- Thermo-hydraulics
- Safety
- Chapter 5.4. Liquid metal walls
- Introduction
- Design studies
- Ongoing experimental work and R&D activities
- Additional R&D activities
- R&D needs
- Chapter 6. Plasma diagnostics, heating, and control
- Overview
- Chapter 6.1. Plasma diagnostics
- Introduction and background
- Role of diagnostics
- Reactor environment challenges
- New approach to critical measurements
- Active areas of research and development
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 6.2. Plasma heating technology
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 6.3. Current drive technology
- Introduction
- RF technology
- Application
- Ongoing activities/research through JT-60SA and ITER
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- NB technology
- Applications
- Ongoing activities/research through JT-60SA and ITER
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 7. Breeding blanket and tritium system
- Overview
- Chapter 7.1. Blanket options
- Chapter 7.2. Dual-coolant lead lithium blanket
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing and needed R&D
- MHD modeling
- Flow channel inserts
- Tritium extraction and permeation
- Contamination control
- Chapter 7.3. The water-cooled lithium–lead breeding blanket
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 7.4. Flibe/Flinabe blanket
- Introduction
- Twists and turns of research toward Flibe/Flinabe blanket
- Rich track record by MSER
- Exclusion by BCSS
- Re-evaluation through FFHR, APEX, JUPITER-II and TITAN
- Extension of research in Japan and Oroshhi-2
- Applications
- Ongoing fusion activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 7.5. Ceramic breeder blankets
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing activities and research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 7.6. Breeding potential and tritium self-sufficiency
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing activities and research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 7.7. Heat extraction, recovery, and power cycle
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing and needed R&D
- Chapter 7.8. Tritium modeling, extraction, migration, and accountability
- Introduction
- Tritium migration pathways
- Tritium extraction from solid breeder of HCPB blanket
- Tritium extraction from liquid breeder of WCLL blanket
- Tritium accountability
- R&D needs
- Chapter 8. Vacuum vessel and shielding system
- Overview
- Chapter 8.1. ITER vacuum vessel
- Introduction
- Application
- Past and current R&D activities
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 8.2. Vacuum vessel R&D needs for power plants
- Introduction
- Existing designs: Post-ITER facilities
- Existing designs: Commercial facilities
- Expected loads
- Materials
- R&D needs
- Materials
- R&D needs for materials include the following [26,28–31]
- Structural criteria
- Remote handling
- Safety
- Chapter 8.3. Shielding system and radiation protection
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 8.4. ASME boiler & pressure vessel code Section III Division 4 construction rules for fusion energy
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Conclusion
- Chapter 9. Safety features
- Overview
- Chapter 9.1. US fusion safety activities
- Introduction
- Applications and ongoing R&D activities
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 9.2. EU and French safety assessments
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing activities/research
- Explosion
- Inventory control
- Safety codes validation and verification
- Waste management
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 9.3. Safety features—United Kingdom
- Introduction
- Historic application
- Ongoing activities/research
- Safety requirements & methodology
- Accident scenarios for STEP
- Safety measure derivation and codes/standards
- Future R&D priorities for the safe commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 9.4. Safety features—Japan
- Regulations of Japan's DEMO reactor
- Safety requirements of the Japan's DEMO reactor
- Accident scenarios of the Japan's DEMO reactor
- Safety systems and design requirements for JA-DEMO
- Safety analysis code for JA-DEMO
- Summary
- Chapter 9.5. Safety assessment in China
- Introduction
- Application
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 9.6. Safety assessments in the Republic of Korea
- Introduction
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 10. Environmental and social issues
- Overview
- Chapter 10.1. Potential radwaste management approaches: Disposal, recycling, and clearance—United States
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Recycling R&D priorities [1]
- Clearance R&D priorities [1]
- Chapter 10.2. Fusion radwaste management approaches in Europe
- Introduction
- Application
- Recycling
- Clearance
- Disposal
- Ongoing activities/research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 10.3. Fusion radwaste management approaches in Japan
- Introduction
- Present status of radioactive waste management
- Ongoing activities and research for fusion reactor
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 10.4. Radwaste management approaches in China
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing activities and research
- Future R&D priorities for the commercialization of fusion energy
- Chapter 10.5. Recycling of fusion material and its predicted nuclide distribution
- Introduction
- Background
- Clearance in Sweden
- Recycling process for metal
- Nuclide distribution and material differences
- Results, radionuclide distribution in ingots and secondary waste
- Literature comparison
- Conclusion and outlook for fusion facilities
- Chapter 10.6. Socially engaged approach to fusion technology development
- Introduction
- Applications
- Ongoing research
- Human-centered and participatory technology design
- Participatory and sociotechnical technology assessments
- Future research, design, development, and deployment priorities for commercializing fusion energy
- Index
- No. of pages: 376
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 17, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443136290
- eBook ISBN: 9780443136306
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