Foreword
Preface
1. Phenomena Occurring during Plastic Working of Metals
1.1. Plastic Working by Rolling
1.2. Fundamental Phenomena Occurring in Plastic Working
1.3. Deformation of Single Crystals and Polycrystalline Aggregates
1.4. Cold Work and Strain-hardening of Metal
1.5. Recrystallization
1.6. Hot Working
2. Fundamental Principles of Plastic Working of Metals
2.1. Symbols, Formula, and Definitions
2.2. Constancy of Volume and Laws of Plastic Deformation
2.3. Stress-Strain Relationships and Condition of Plasticity
2.4. Yield Stress
2.5. Resistance of Metal to Deformation
2.6. Work of Plastic Deformation
3. Fundamentals of Rolling Processes
3.1. Basic Concepts and Symbols in Rolling
3.2. Geometrical and Trigonometrical Relations in Rolling
3.3. Flow of Metal in Rolling
3.4. Interdependence of Draught, Elongation and Spread of Metal in Hot Rolling
3.5. Calculation of Draught, Elongation and Spread in Symmetrical Passes During Rolling of Bars
3.6. Mechanism of Bite and Friction in Rolling
3.7. Calculation of Rolling Temperature
3.8. Calculation of Rolling Speed
3.8.1. Neutral Angle and Forward Slip when Rolling with Spread
3.8.2. Neutral Angle in Hot and Cold Rolling without Spread
3.8.3. Calculation of Rolling Speed of Bars and Sections
4. Roll Pressure, Torque, Work, and Power in Rolling
4.1. Roll Pressure and Load
4.1.1. Measurements of Pressure Distribution along the Arc of Contact in Hot and Cold Rolling
4.1.2. Determination of Roll Forces in Hot Rolling
4.2. Calculation of Roll Force in Hot Rolling
4.2.1. Tselikov's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [70]
4.2.2. Golovin-Tiagunov's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [70]
4.2.3. Samarin's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [70]
4.2.4. Ekelund's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [10]
4.2.5. Orowan-Pascoe Method of Calculation of Roll Force [10, 60]
4.2.6. Geleji's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [20]
4.2.7. Cook and McCrum's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [67]
4.2.8. Siebel's Method of Calculation of Roll Force [61]
4.3. Work, Torque, and Power in Rolling
4.3.1. Influence of Additional Friction and Deformation when Rolling in Box Passes [109]
4.3.2. Influence of Additional Friction and Deformation when Rolling in Breaking Down Passes [157]
4.3.3. Basic Formula for Calculation of Roll Power
4.3.4. Calculation of Rolling Work and Drive Power from Energy and Power Consumption Diagrams
4.4. Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling
4.4.1. Tselikov's Method of Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling
4.4.2. Ekelund's Method of Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling
4.4.3. Siebel's Method of Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling
4.4.4. Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling from the Mean Resistance to Deformation [15, 31]
4.4.5. Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling of Strip with Applied Front and Back Tension
4.4.6. Bland, Ford and Ellis's Graphical Method for Calculation of Roll Force
4.4.7. Trinks's Graphical Method for Determination of Roll Force in Keller's Form
4.4.8. Korolev-Nikolayevski's Method of Calculation of Roll Force in Cold Rolling
4.5. Calculation of Roll Torque and Power in Cold Rolling
4.5.1. Ford's Method of Calculation of Roll Torque
4.5.2. Tselikov's Method of Calculation of Roll Torque
4.5.3. Bland, Ford and Ellis's Graphical Method of Calculation of Roll Torque
4.5.4. Ford's Method of Calculation of Roll Torque with Applied Tension
4.5.5. Bland, Ford and Ellis's Method of Calculation of Roll Torque with Applied Tension
4.5.6. Other Methods of Calculation of Roll Torque
4.5.7. Effect of Strip Tension
4.6. Power of the Main Driving Motors
5. Rolls and Their Permissible Loading
5.1. Rolls and Roll Strength Calculations
5.2. Roll Deflection and Other Factors Affecting Variation of Thickness during Rolling of Sheet and Strip
5.3. Permissible Loading of Rolling Mills
5.4. Measurements in Rolling
5.4.1. Measurement of Roll Force and Torque by Means of Strain Gauges [112]
5.4.2. Measurement of Roll Force and Torque by Induction Sensors
5.4.3. Devices for Continuous Measurement of Strip Thickness
5.4.4. Measurement of Strip Tension
5.5. Evaluation of Measurements in Rolling Mills
6. Hot Rolling with Heavy Draughts
6.1. Elongation and Spread During Hot Rolling of Mild Steel with Heavy Draughts
6.2. Forward Slip and No-slip Angle in Rolling Mild Steel with Heavy Draughts
6.3. Roll Force and Torque in Rolling of Mild Steel
6.4. Flow of Metal and Structural Phenomena in Rolling
7. Principles of Roll Pass Design
7.1. Basic Definitions
7.2. Roll Pass Design and Basic Formula
7.2.1. Breaking-down Sequences [145]
7.2.2. Finishing Roll Passes for Bar Rolling [145]
7.2.3. Blooming Mill Pass Design
7.3. Graphical Method of Roll Pass Design
7.4. Transformation of Formula for Roll Pass Design
7.5. Design of Regular Sections and Breaking-down Systems by the Mean Heights Method
7.6. Theoretical Principles of Section Pass Design
7.6.1. Pass Design Methods for Sections Composed of Two Elements
7.6.2. Pass Design of Sections Composed of Three Elements
7.6.3. Pass Design for Angles, T-beams, Channels and I-beams [174]
7.6.4. Roll Pass Design of Angles
7.6.5. Roll Pass Design of T-beams
7.6.6. Roll Pass Design of Channels and I-Beams
7.6.7. K. Rytel's Method of Pass Design, Particularly for I-Beams [131]
7.6.8. Knifing Passes
7.6.9. General Principles of Sections Pass Design [113,130, 150]
7.6.10. Roll Wear
7.7. Principles of Roll Pass Design for Continuous Mills
7.7.1. Effect of Initial Cross-section
7.7.2. Effect of Roll Diameter
7.7.3. Effect of Roll Speed
7.7.4. Principles of Continuous Train Design and Rolling Speed Calculation
7.7.5. Calculation of Roll Speed in Rolling of Bars in Symmetrical Passes
7.8. Effective Radii and Neutral Lines
7.8.1. Calculation of Roll Diameters in Section Mills by C. Murski's Method [132 and 145]
7.8.2. Effective Radii and Neutral Axes of Passes in the Rolling of Shapes
7.9. Analysis of the Rolling of Small Sections
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References
Index