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Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology
Physical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects
- 4th Edition - June 20, 2024
- Editor: Hasan Murshed
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 2 0 8 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 2 0 9 - 2
Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology: Physical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects, Fourth Edition, is written by a team of renowned experts. This book is a must-have resource for an… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFundamentals of Radiation Oncology: Physical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects, Fourth Edition, is written by a team of renowned experts. This book is a must-have resource for anyone practicing radiation oncology. From basic principles to more-advanced planning and delivery of radiation therapy to treat cancer, this book is a go-to resource for mastering the art and science of radiation oncology.
- Recent advances in SRS, SBRT, proton therapy, an immunotherapy
- New chapters on adaptive radiotherapy, and artificial intelligence in radiation therapy
- IMRT and IGRT techniques are covered in depth in all clinical chapters
- Latest landmark studies provide evidence-based rationale for recommended treatments
- Radiation treatment toxicity and its management
Radiation oncology residents, practicing radiation oncologists, radiation dosimetrists, radiation physicists, Surgical oncologist, medical oncologist, oncology nurse
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors 3rd edition
- Contributors 4th edition
- Reviewers 4th edition
- About the editor
- Foreword—James Bonner
- Foreword—Thomas Buchholz
- Preface
- Part I. Basic Science of Radiation Oncology
- Chapter 1. Radiation Physics, Dosimetry, and Treatment Planning
- Fundamental Physical Quantities
- Mass
- Energy
- Charge
- Force
- Atomic Structure
- Atomic Models
- Electron Binding Energy
- Atomic Shell Filling Rules
- Characteristic Radiation
- Auger Electrons
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Nuclear Structure
- Radioactive Decay
- Modes of Radioactive Decay
- Alpha Decay
- Beta Decay
- Gamma Emission
- Isomeric Transitions
- Internal Conversion
- Mathematics of Radioactive Decay
- Activity
- Equilibrium
- Electromagnetic Radiation and Properties of Interaction
- Photon Interaction Process, Kerma, Absorbed Dose
- Modes of Photon Interaction
- Particulate Radiation Properties and Interactions
- Interactions of Electrons
- Interactions of Neutrons
- Interactions of Heavy Charged Particles
- The Physics of Dosimetry
- Inverse Square Law
- Backscatter Factor (BSF)
- Peak Scatter Factor (PSF)
- Depth of Maximum Dose (dmax)
- Percentage Depth Dose (PDD)
- Tissue-Air Ratio (TAR)
- Scatter-Air Ratio (SAR)
- Tissue-Phantom Ratio (TPR), Tissue-Maximum Ratio (TMR)
- Linac Calibration
- Types of Calibration
- Field Size Correction Factors
- Collimator Scatter Factor and Phantom Scatter Factor
- Beam Modifier Factors
- Patient Attenuation Factors
- Calculation of Treatment Monitor Units
- Electron Beam Dosimetry
- The Physics of Radiation Treatment Planning and Delivery
- External Beam Radiation
- Internal Radiation
- Radiation Treatment Planning
- External Beam Radiation Therapy
- 3-D Conformal Radiation Therapy (3-D CRT)
- Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
- Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)
- Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)
- Brachytherapy
- Interstitial Brachytherapy
- Intracavitary Brachytherapy
- Other Radiation Therapy Modalities
- Chapter 2. Radiation Protection and Safety
- Measurement of Radiation Quantities
- Radiation Exposure
- Air Kerma
- Absorbed Dose
- Effective Dose Equivalent
- Measurement of Radiation Quantities/Radiation Protection Principles
- Effective Dose
- Radiation Protection Principles
- Organizations
- Regulations
- Occupational and General Public Dose Limits
- ALARA and Radiation-Induced Biological Effects
- Treatment Room Design
- Signage, Labeling, and Packeging Requirements
- Equipment and Area Monitoring
- Personnel Monitoring
- Chapter 3. Radiation Biology
- Radiobiological Quantities
- Directly and Indirectly Ionizing Radiation
- Deposition of Ionizations Along Tracks
- Direct and Indirect Action of Radiation
- Linear Energy Transfer (LET)
- Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)
- Therapeutic Ratio
- Radiation Effects on Chromosomes
- Chromosome-Type Aberrations
- Chromatid-Type Aberrations
- Telomeres and Telomerase
- Repair of Radiation Damage
- Cell Survival Curves
- Target Theory
- The Linear-Quadratic Model (L-Q)
- The Four “Rs” of Radiobiology
- Altered Fractionation Protocols Used in Clinical Radiotherapy
- Dose Rate Effect and Repair of Damage
- Sublethal Damage (SLD)
- Potentially Lethal Damage (PLD)
- The Oxygen Effect and Reoxygenation
- Radiosensitizers and Radioprotectors
- Cell and Tumor Cell Kinetics
- Molecular and Biology Techniques
- MicroRNAs
- Cell Cycle Kinetics
- Effects on Tumor Cells
- Normal Tissues Kinetics and Proliferation Status
- Effects on Normal Tissues
- Functional Subunits (FSU)
- Michalowski's H-type, and F-type Classification
- Radiation and Cytokines
- Early and Late Reacting Tissues: Specific Organs
- Early Reacting Tissues
- Late Reacting Tissues
- Acute Effects of Whole-Body Irradiation
- Prodromal Syndrome
- Hematopoietic Syndrome
- Gastrointestinal Syndrome
- Central Nervous Syndrome/Cerebrovascular Syndrome
- Deterministic and Stochastic Effects of Radiation
- Deterministic Effects
- Stochastic Effects
- Carcinogenesis
- Effects of Radiation on the Embryo and Fetus
- Radiation-Induced Heritable Changes
- Sources of Radiation Exposure
- Chapter 4. Molecular Cancer Biology
- Cell Cycle Control
- G1 → S
- G2 → M
- Carcinogenesis and Metastasis
- Matrix Metalloproteinases
- Integrins
- Tumor Suppressor Genes
- DNA Repair Genes
- Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- Regulatory GTPases
- Other Kinases
- Transcription Factors
- Apoptosis
- Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
- Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
- Necroptosis
- Angiogenesis
- Therapeutics
- Chemotherapeutics
- Targeted Therapies
- Part II. Techniques and Modalities of Radiation Oncology
- Chapter 5. Brachytherapy
- Techniques of Brachytherapy
- Physics and Biology of Brachytherapy Sources
- Radioactive Sources
- Source Strength Specifications
- Source Strength Calibration
- Brachytherapy Dose Calculation: Calculation of Dose Using TG-43 (or TG-186) Formalism
- Brachytherapy Dose Rate
- Radiobiology of LDR and HDR
- HDR Remote Afterloader
- Computerized Treatment Planning Process
- Clinical Indication of Brachytherapy
- Breast Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Endometrial Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Soft Tissue Sarcoma
- Palliative Brachytherapy
- Chapter 6. Intensity Modulated and Image Guided Radiation Therapy
- Target Volumes, Margins, and Dose Volumes
- Inverse Planning IMRT
- Volumetric Moulated Arc Therapy
- Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT)
- Clinical Experience and Technique of IMRT and VMAT
- Brain Cancer
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Prostate Cancer
- Chapter 7. Stereotactic Radiation Therapy: Cranial Lesions
- Radiobiology of Stereotactic Radiation
- SRS Technique
- Patient Immobilization and Setup
- Imaging
- Target Volume Delineation
- Delineation of OAR Volumes
- Treatment Planning
- Treatment Plan Assessment
- Clinical Indication of Cranial Stereotactic Radiation
- Brain Metastases
- Acoustic Neuroma
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Skull-Based Meningioma
- Arteriovenous Malformation and Cavernous Hemangioma
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Parkinson’s Disease
- SRS Toxicity
- Selected Clinical Trials of SRS for Metastatic Brain Cancer
- Chapter 8. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Lung Cancers
- Lung Cancer
- SBRT for Central & Ultracentral Lesions
- Treatment Planning
- CT Simulation & Motion Management
- Contouring
- Planning & Evaluation
- QA & Treatment Delivery
- Dose & Fractionation
- Selected Clinical Trials for Lung SBRT
- Ongoing or Pending Clinical Trials
- Consensus Guideline
- Chapter 9. Proton Radiation Therapy
- Proton Beam Depth Dose
- Proton Relative Biological Effectiveness
- Beam Production, Delivery, Treatment Planning and QA
- Clinical Use of Proton Radiotherapy
- Central Nervous System
- Chordoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Meningioma
- Diffuse Glioma
- Glioblastoma
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Esophagus Cancer
- HCC
- Prostate Cancer
- Gynecological Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Pediatric Cancer
- Medulloblastoma
- Adolescent and Young Adults (AYA)
- Limitations of Proton Beam Therapy
- Chapter 10. Adaptive Radiotherapy
- Rational for ART
- Workflow of ART
- Technologies for ART
- Offline and Online Adaptive Planning
- Commercial Online ART Systems
- MRI-Based Online ART System
- CBCT-Based Online ART System
- PET-Based Online ART System
- Clinical Applications of ART
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer, Liver Cancer, and Abdominal Oligometastasis
- Prostate Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Chapter 11. Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Therapy
- Basic Concepts of AI
- General Role of AI in Radiation Oncology
- Image Generation and Enhancement
- Image Segmentation, Treatment Planning, and Outcome/Toxicity Prediction
- Quality Assurance and Error Detection
- Medical Records, Patient Management, and Decision Support
- Role of AI in Image Segmentation
- Role of AI in Treatment Planning
- Advanced AI Methods and 3D Dose Prediction
- Other Treatment Planning Applications
- Role of AI in RT Toxicity Prediction and Outcome Assessment
- Challenges and Considerations for Integrating AI Tools into Clinical Workflows
- Chapter 12. Immunotherapy
- Immune System Components
- Anatomy of the Immune System
- Cells of the Immune System
- The Immune Synapse
- The Immune Tolerance Mechanisms
- Immunotherapy
- Vaccine Immunotherapy
- Antibody Immunotherapy
- Cytokine Immunotherapy
- Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy
- Radiation and the Immune System
- Combination Radiation and Immunotherapy Trials
- Selective Site-specific Cancer Immunotherapy
- Melanoma
- Ipilimumab
- Nivolumab
- Pembrolizumab
- Ipilimumab in Combination with Nivolumab
- Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Durvalumab
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
- Atezolizumab
- Durvalumab
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Nivolumab
- Pembrolizumab
- Lymphoma
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Nivolumab
- Pembrolizumab
- Avelumab
- Esophageal Cancer
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Gastric Cancer
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Colorectal Cancer
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Urothelial Carcinoma
- Pembrolizumab
- Nivolumab
- Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)
- Pembrolizumab
- Avelumab
- Cervical Cancer
- Pembrolizumab
- Endometrial Cancer
- Pembrolizumab
- Dostarlimab
- Large B Cell Lymphoma
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy (CAR-T): Yescarta (Axicabtagene Ciloleucel) and Kymriah (Tisagenlecleucel)
- Immunotherapy Toxicity
- Chapter 13. Radiation and Combined Modality Therapy
- Radiation Therapy
- Surgery Combined with Radiation Therapy
- Side Effects of Combined Modality of Radiation and Surgery
- Chemotherapy Combined with Radiation Therapy
- Side Effects of Combined Modality Radiation and Chemotherapy
- Site-specific Chemotherapeutic Agents Used in Combination with Radiotherapy: Mechanisms of Action and Side Effects
- Central Nervous System Cancer
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Gastrointestinal Cancer
- Lymphoma
- Chapter 14. Statistical Considerations in Radiation Oncology
- Describing Data
- Medians, Interquartile Range, and Box-Whisker Plots
- The Mean and Standard Deviation
- The Normal Distribution and Reference Ranges
- Binary Data
- Statistical Inference Parametric and Non-parametric Tests
- Multiple Regression
- Logistic Regression
- Survival Analysis
- Clinical Trials: Phase I, II, III, IV
- Retrospective Chart Reviews
- Meta-Analyses
- Part III. Clinical Radiation Oncology
- Chapter 15. Skin Cancers
- Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigation
- TNM Staging (Head and Neck)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Doses
- Outcomes
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Melanoma of the Skin)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Volumes
- Elective Nodal Regions for Primary Tumor Location
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Merkel Cell Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigation
- TNM Staging (Merkel Cell)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
- Melanoma Skin Cancer
- Chapter 16. Primary Brain Cancers
- Circumscribed Astrocytic Glioma
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT/Proton Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Adult Type Diffuse Glioma
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Brainstem Glioma
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Optic Glioma
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Ependymoma
- Workup
- Signs and Symptoms
- Investigations
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Meningioma
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Medulloblastoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Staging
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT/Proton Technique
- Volumes
- Craniospinal Axis Volume
- Posterior Fossa Boosts Volume
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT/SRS Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Craniopharyngioma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT/Proton Technique
- Proton Therapy
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Low-Grade Glioma
- High-Grade Glioma
- Radiation Therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Ependymoma
- Meningioma
- Medulloblastoma
- Craniopharyngioma
- Chapter 17. Head and Neck Cancers
- Head and Neck Lymph Node Borders1
- Lymph Node Risk
- Oral Cavity Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Oral Cavity)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Ipsilateral and/or Contralateral at Risk LN
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcomes
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Nasopharyngeal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Nasopharynx)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Ipsilateral and Contralateral at Risk LNs
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging Oropharynx HPV+
- Stage Grouping
- TNM Staging Oropharynx HPV – and Hypopharynx
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Oropharyngeal Cancer
- Hypopharyngeal Cancer
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Subclinical Disease Around GTV
- Ipsilateral and Contralateral at Risk LN
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Laryngeal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Larynx)
- Supraglottis
- Glottis
- Subglottis
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Supraglottic Cancer
- Glottic Cancer
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Subclinical Disease Around GTV
- Ipsilateral and Contralateral at Risk LNs
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Maxillary Sinus)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Maxillary Sinus
- Nasal Cavity and Ethmoids
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Subclinical Disease Around Tumor Bed or GTV
- HG SCCa, Maxillary Sinus, Nasopharyngeal Involvement at Risk LNs
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Parotid Gland
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Parotid Gland)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Benign Tumors
- Malignant Tumors
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Subclinical Disease Around Ttumor Bed or GTV
- Ipsilateral and Contralateral at Risk LNs
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Unknown Primary
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Oral Cavity Site
- Nasopharynx Site
- Oropharynx Site
- Hypopharynx and Larynx Site
- Unknown Primary Site
- Chapter 18. Breast Cancers
- Breast and LN Borders
- RTOG Breast and LNs Volume Guidelines1 (and Differences in ESTRO)2
- RISK for Axillary Nodes as Related to Invasive Tumor Size
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Breast Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Non-invasive Breast Cancer (DCIS)
- Treatment
- Outcome
- Early Stage Breast Cancer (Stage I and II)
- Breast Conservation Therapy (BCT) with Post Lumpectomy Radiation Therapy
- Candidates for BCT
- Contraindications for BCT
- Treatment
- Outcome
- Post Mastectomy Radiation Therapy (PMRT)
- Candidates for PMRT
- Indications for RNI
- Treatment
- Outcome
- Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC)
- Treatment
- Outcome
- Recurrent Breast Cancer
- Treatment
- Outcome
- RT Technique
- 3D/IMRT Technique
- Breast/Chest Wall Technique
- RNI Technique
- Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Non-invasive Breast Cancer (DCIS)
- Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
- Adjuvant Hormone Therapy for DCIS
- Early Stage Breast Cancer
- Adjuvant Radiation Therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Adjuvant Hormonal and Targeted Therapy
- Post Mastectomy Radiation Therapy
- Chapter 19. Thoracic Cancers
- Lung Cancer
- Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Screening
- TNM Staging (Lung)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Stage IA - IIA
- Resectable Stage IIB–IIIB
- Unresectable Stage IIB–IIIB & Stage IIIC
- Pathologic N2 (Stage IIIA–IIIB)
- Pleural or Pericardial Effusion
- Stage IV
- Superior Sulcus Tumors
- Medically Inoperable Tumors
- Outcomes
- Small-cell Lung Cancer
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Staging
- Treatment
- Limited Stage
- Extensive Stage
- Outcomes
- Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Masaoka Staging [Ref 37]
- TNM Staging (Thymoma and Thymic Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Outcomes
- Malignant Mesothelioma
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Malignant Mesothelioma)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Outcomes
- RT Technique
- IMRT/SBRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Mesothelioma IMRT Constraints
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
- Stage IA–IIA
- Resectable Stage IIB-IIIB
- Unresectable Stage IIB–IIIA & Stage IIIB–IIIC
- Pathologic N2 (Stage IIIA – IIIB)
- Stage IV
- Superior Sulcus Tumors
- Medically Inoperable Tumors
- Small-Cell Lung Cancer
- Limited Stage SCLC
- Extensive Stage SCLC
- Thymoma
- Malignant Mesothelioma
- Chapter 20. Gastrointestinal Cancers
- Esophageal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Esophageal Cancer)
- Stage Grouping: Pathological
- Stage Grouping: Pathological
- Histologic Grade (G)
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Elective Nodal Regions for Primary Tumor Location
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Gastric Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Gastric Cancer)
- Histologic Grade (G)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Elective Nodal Regions for Primary Tumor Location
- Dose
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Pancreatic Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- SBRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Colon and Rectal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Colon Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Colon Cancer
- Rectal Cancer
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Anal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Anal Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- IMRT Dose Painting Plan per RTOG 0529 (SIB Technique)
- Doses for Dose Painting (SIB Technique)
- IMRT Sequential Plan (Shrinking Field Technique)
- Doses for Sequential Technique
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Esophageal Cancer
- Gastric Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
- Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
- Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
- Rectal Cancer
- Pre-op RT
- Anal Cancer
- Chapter 21. Genitourinary Cancers
- Renal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Renal Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- IMRT/SBRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Bladder Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Bladder Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Superficial Disease (Ta, Tis, TI)
- Invasive Disease, N0, N+
- Metastatic Disease
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Prostate Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Groups
- TNM Staging (Prostate Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Very Low-Risk: T1c, PSA <10, GG 1, <3 Cores with ≤50% cancer in each core and PSA density <0.15ng/mL/G
- Low-Risk: T1-T2a, PSA <10 and GG 1
- Favorable Intermediate-Risk: T2b-c, PSA 10–20, GG 2
- Unfavorable Intermediate-Risk: T2b-c, PSA 10–20, GG 2–3
- High-Risk
- Very High-Risk
- Regional (N+)
- Post Prostatectomy RT
- Post Radiation Rising PSA
- Metastatic Disease
- Hormonal Refractory Prostate Cancer
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Pelvic Elective LNs
- Brachytherapy Technique
- LDR Brachytherapy
- HDR Brachytherapy
- RT Doses for IMRT and Brachytherapy
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- EBRT
- Brachytherapy
- Hormone Therapy Toxicity
- Follow-up
- Testicular Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Testicular Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Required for Staging: Serum Tumor Markers (S)
- Treatment
- Seminoma
- Nonseminoma
- RT Technique
- 3D/IMRT Technique
- 3DCRT
- IMRT
- Volumes
- Elective LNs
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Renal Cell Cancer
- Bladder Cancer
- Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Chemotherapy
- ChemoRT Bladder Conservation
- Prostate Cancer
- Conservative Treatment
- Brachytherapy
- Lymph Node Treatment
- Dose Escalation with Higher Radiation Dose Treatment
- Hypofractionated Radiation Treatment
- Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Hormonal Treatment
- Hormonal Treatment and Chemotherapy
- Postoperative Radiation Treatment
- Postoperative Radiation Treatment and Hormone Therapy
- Testicular Cancer
- Chapter 22. Gynecological Cancers
- Endometrial Cancer
- Pelvic/PA Node Risk
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Endometrial Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Stage IA (Gr 1, 2)
- Stage IA (Gr 3), IB (Gr 1, 2)
- Stage IB (Gr 3), II, III
- Stage IV
- Medically Inoperable
- Papillary Serous or Clear Cell Carcinoma
- Uterine Sarcoma
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Vaginal Target and LNs
- Doses for EBRT and Brachytherapy
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Cervical Cancer
- Lymph Node Risk
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Cervical Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- CIN (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
- CIS (Carcinoma in situ)
- Stage IA1, IA2
- Stage IB1-IIA1
- Stage IB3-IVA
- Stage IVB
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Gyn Targets and LNs
- Brachytherapy Technique
- Doses EBRT and Brachytherapy
- EMBRACE II Planning Target Goals
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Ovarian Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Ovarian Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- Stage IA, IB (G1, 2)
- All Other Stages
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Vaginal Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Vaginal Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- VAIN (Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia)
- CIS (Carcinoma in situ)
- Stage I
- Stage II
- Stage II (Paravaginal/parametrial invasion), III, and IV
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Intracavitary Technique
- Interstitial Technique
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Vulvar Cancer
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- TNM Staging (Vulvar Cancer)
- Stage Grouping
- Treatment
- CIS (Carcinoma in Situ)
- Stage IA
- Stages IB, II
- Stage III-IVA
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Gross Disease and Elective LNs
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Endometrial Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Vulvar Cancer
- Chapter 23. Lymphoma & Hematologic Cancers
- Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Classifications
- WHO Classification
- Staging
- Ann Arbor Staging System Updated by Lugano Classification (2012) (Fig. 23.1)
- Patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma is Classified into Groups
- Risk Factors According to the GHSG, EORTC, and NCCN
- PETCT Response Assessment
- Treatment
- Early stage Favorable (Stage I, II No Risk Factors)
- Early stage Unfavorable (Stage I, II with Risk Factors, B Symptoms, Bulky)4
- Advanced Stage (Stage III, IV and Occasionally Stage II Bulky)4
- Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL)
- Outcome
- International Prognostic Score (IPS) for Advanced Disease: One Point per Factor
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Workup
- Risk Factors
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Staging/Grading
- B-Cell Lymphoid Proliferations and Lymphomas
- T-Cell and NK-Cell Lymphoid Proliferations and Lymphomas
- Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI I and FLIPI 2)
- International Prognostic Index and Revised International Prognostic Index (IPI R–IPI) for NHL (Used for DLBCL)
- Treatment
- Indolent/Follicular, Stage I/II
- Indolent/Follicular, Stage III/IV
- Follicular Grade 3B
- Aggressive/DLBCL, Stage I/II
- Aggressive/DLBCL, Stage III/IV
- Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma
- Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma
- Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- Primary CNS Lymphoma
- Primary Testicular Lymphoma
- Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma
- NK- T Cell Lymphoma
- Outcome
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Advanced-stage Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Indolent NonHodgkin Lymphoma
- Aggressive NonHodgkin Lymphoma
- Chapter 24. Soft-Tissue Sarcomas
- Annotated Bibliography
- Preoperative RT
- Post-Operative RT
- IMRT/IGRT
- Chemotherapy
- Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
- Chapter 25. Pediatric Cancers
- Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Staging
- COG Risk Classification and Response Definitions
- Treatment
- Low-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma (Favorable Stages I, IIA)
- Intermediate-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma (Unfavorable Stage I, II, IIIA)
- High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma (Stages IIIB/IVB, ± Unfavorable IIB)
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints (Select OARs)
- Proton
- Outcome
- Complications
- Neuroblastoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Staging
- International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS)
- International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRGSS)
- Treatment
- Low-Risk (Stage 1, 2A/B N-MYC Nonamplified)
- Intermediate-Risk (Stage 3, 4N-MYC Nonamplified)
- High-Risk (Stage 3N-MYC Nonamplified Unfavorable Histology, Stage 2A/B, 3, 4N-MYC Amplified)
- Stage 4S
- RT Technique
- IMRT/Proton Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Wilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Histology
- Favorable
- Unfavorable
- Staging
- Children's Oncology Group Staging System
- Treatment
- Stage I Favorable Histology (FH)
- Stage I Unfavorable Histology (UH), Stage II Favorable Histology
- Stage II UH, Stage III, IV FH/UH
- Stage IV
- Stage V
- Unresectable
- Clear Cell Sarcoma
- Rhabdoid
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Tumor Bed Field (Flank)
- Volumes
- Doses
- Whole Abdomen Field
- Volumes
- Doses
- Whole Lung Field
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Histology
- Favorable
- Unfavorable
- Staging
- TNM Pretreatment Staging System
- Clinical Group Staging
- Risk Grouping
- Treatment
- Local Control
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation Therapy
- RT Technique
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Ewing’s Sarcoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- Chemotherapy
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- RT Technique
- IMRT/Proton Technique
- Volumes
- Doses, No Chemo
- Doses, Post-op
- Constraints (Per NCCN V2.2023 Hodgkins Lymphoma)
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Retinoblastoma
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Staging
- Reese–Ellsworth Classification
- International Classification for Intraocular Retinoblastoma
- Treatment
- Limited Disease <4 Disc Diameters
- Advanced Unilateral Disease
- Bilateral Disease
- External Beam Technique
- Outcome
- Complications
- Annotated Bibliography
- Low-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Intermediate-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
- High-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Neuroblastoma
- Wilms’ Tumor
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Ewing’s Sarcoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Chapter 26. Benign Tumors
- Skin and Connective Tissue Disorders
- Keloid
- Desmoid Tumor/Aggressive Fibromatosis
- Peyronie's Disease
- Dupuytren's Contracture
- Gynecomastia
- Benign Neoplasms of the Brain, Head, and Neck
- Meningioma
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Craniopharyngioma
- Acoustic Neuroma
- Chordoma
- Paraganglioma/Pheochromocytoma (Glomus Tumor)
- Eye/Orbit Diseases
- Pterygium
- Graves Ophthalmopathy
- Vascular Disorder
- Arteriovenous Malformation/Cavernous Hemangioma
- Functional Disorders
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Parkinson's Disease
- Diseases of the Bone
- Heterotopic Ossification
- Osteoarthritis
- Part IV. Palliative Care and Radiation Treatment Toxicity Management
- Chapter 27. Radiation Emergencies and Common Indications for Palliative Radiotherapy
- Brain Metastases
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Volumes/Borders
- IMRT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Spinal Cord Compression
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- RT Technique
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Painful Bone Metastases
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- Treatment Planning
- Volumes
- Doses
- Constraints
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
- Workup
- Symptoms and Signs
- Investigations
- Treatment
- Volumes
- Doses
- Outcome
- Complications
- Follow-up
- Annotated Bibliography
- Metastatic Brain Cancers
- Spinal Cord Compression
- Metastatic Bone Cancers
- Chapter 28. Radiation Treatment Toxicity and their Managementa
- Skin
- Early Radiation Dermatitis & Focal Pruritus
- Dry and Moist Desquamation
- Ulceration–Slow Healing
- Antibiotics/Wound Infection Treatment
- Antifungals/Antivirals
- Generalized Pruritus
- Head and Neck
- Eye
- Dry Eye
- Ear
- Mucositis
- Oral Infection & Candidiasis
- Sialadenitis
- Sinuses
- Teeth and Osteoradionecrosis
- Xerostomia
- Thorax
- Air Hunger
- Obstructive Airways Disease (Asthma, COPD)
- Cough
- Infectious Processes
- Radiation Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Smoking Cessation
- Breast
- Abscess/Infection
- Costochondritis
- Lymphedema
- Hot Flashes
- Gastrointestinal Tract
- Antacids/Hypersecretion Medications
- Esophagitis
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Hiccups
- Diarrhea
- Antiflatulents
- Acute Proctitis/Tenesmus
- Chronic Radiation Enteritis, Proctitis, or Rectal Bleeding
- Anorexia/Appetite Stimulant
- Enteral/Oral Nutritional Supplements
- General Guidelines for Calculating Basic Nutritional Needs
- Oral Intake/Supplements
- General Guidelines for Tube Feedings
- Feedings may be:
- Motility Agents
- Constipation
- Genitourinary
- Analgesics/Antispasmodics/Incontinence
- Antibiotics
- Erectile Dysfunction Therapy
- Male Hot Flashes
- Hematuria and Chronic Radiation Cystitis
- Urinary Obstruction Modifiers
- Gynecological
- Perineal Reaction
- Acute Vaginitis
- Vaginal Late Toxicity
- Nervous System
- Neurocognition Management
- Edema Management
- Vertigo
- Seizure
- Pain Management
- NonOpioid Analgesics
- Opioid Analgesics for Mild to Moderate Pain
- Opioid Analgesics for Severe Pain (Class II Narcotics)
- Coanalgesics
- Narcotic Antagonist
- Psychotropic Medications
- Somnolence and Fatigue
- Antianxiety
- Antidepressants
- Antipsychotics
- Hypnotics/Sleep Aids
- Sedatives
- Benzodiazepine Receptor Antagonist
- Radiation Fibrosis and Muscle Relaxants
- Acronyms and abbreviations
- Index
- No. of pages: 580
- Language: English
- Edition: 4
- Published: June 20, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443222085
- eBook ISBN: 9780443222092
HM
Hasan Murshed
Dr. Hasan Murshed, MD, MS, obtained his medical degree from the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and a master’s degree in Medical Physics from Louisiana State University Louisiana. He completed his residency in Radiation Oncology at the University of Alabama-Birmingham, where he was the Chief Resident. Following this, he served as a research Fellow at the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas. Dr. Murshed is dual board certified by the American Board of Radiology (ABR) in Radiation Therapy Physics and in Radiation Oncology. He is a member of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). With over two decades of experience, Dr. Murshed serves as the Medical Director of Hope Regional Cancer Center in Panama City, Florida. He enjoys both the clinical and educational aspects of radiation oncology. Additionally, he is actively engaged in community activities to support and advocate for cancer patients.
Affiliations and expertise
Radiation Oncologist, Hope Regional Cancer Center, Fl, USARead Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology on ScienceDirect