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Fundamentals of Psychology
An Introduction
- 1st Edition - September 11, 2013
- Author: Michael S. Gazzaniga
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 1 4 9 - 1
Fundamentals of Psychology: An Introduction focuses on issues that cut through the artificial boundaries commonly held in the study of behavior. The book reviews the nature of the… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFundamentals of Psychology: An Introduction focuses on issues that cut through the artificial boundaries commonly held in the study of behavior. The book reviews the nature of the organism in terms of basic neurology, including the neurological organization of the central nervous system and the general features of brain development. The author also examines the normal course of development of the visual systems. He discusses fixed patterns of behavior and the developmental processes that include emotional behavior, self-control, language use, perceptual, and cognitive development. The author then explains the use of statistical concept in psychological research, as well as the psychological methods of inquiry that involves variable manipulation and observation of effects. The author also discusses learning and motivation theory including the theories of Pavlov, Skinner, and Premack. He discusses the organism as an information processor using short- and long-term memory, and the mind as having physical aspects such as brain codes and a brain structure known as the corpus callosum. This book is helpful for psychiatrists, psychologists, behavioral scientists, students and professors in psychology.
PrefaceAcknowledgments I. Nature of the Organism 1. Physical Aspects of Behavior: Basic Neurology Neurological Organization of Central Nervous System General Features of Brain Development Summary Suggested Readings 2. The Course of Normal Development: The Visual System The Developing Visual System The Retina Visual Pathways from the Retina to the Brain The Visual Cortex Changing the Normal Brain by Changing the Environment Some Characteristics of Normal Adult Visual Organization Implications Summary Suggested Readings 3. Fixed Patterns of Behavior Inborn Behavior Ethology The Development and Unfolding of Instinctive Patterns Inborn Behavior and Learning Imprinting Summary Suggested ReadingsII. Developmental Processes 4. Emotional Behavior Biological Mechanisms Effects of Stimulation in Infancy Emotional States Psychoanalytical View of Sexual Development Fear Aggression Cognitive Control of Emotional Behavior Summary Suggested Readings 5. Self-Control Inculcation of Moral Values Behavioral Theory and Techniques Used in Gaining Self-Control Reinforcement and Punishment Skinner's Définition of Self-Control Self-Control Viewed as Behavioral Techniques The Control of Overeating The Control of Studying Delay of Gratification Didactic Self-Control The Coverant and an Original View of Reinforcement The Role of Modeling in Self-Control The Role of Anxiety in Self-Control Summary Suggested Readings 6. The Development of Language Skinner's View of Language Inadequacy of the Associationistic Model Chomsky's Description of the Sentence Psychological Reality of the Transformation How the Child Acquires Language: Chomsky's Model Experimental Approaches to Child Language Development of the Phonological System Relationship of Babbling to Phonology The Pivot-Open Grammar; First Sentences General Principles of Language Acquisition Language in Animals Language and the Brain Summary Suggested Readings 7. Perceptual and Cognitive Development Cognitive Development The Piagetian View of Cognitive Development Learning Perceptual Development Memory Conceptual Development Summary Suggested ReadingsIII. Measuring Behavior 8. Statistical Concepts in Psychological Research The Problem Beyond Common Sense Three Areas of Measurement Evaluation of Psychological Measurement Samples and Populations: Whom Do You Measure? Sampling Variability The Kinsey Report: A Survey of Group Characteristics and Differences Intelligence: Tests of Individual Differences Heritability of I.Q Perils of Correlation ESP: A Case of Experimental Analysis Summary Suggested Readings 9. Psychological Methods of Inquiry Curiosity and Ideas Real Life Approaches to Research The Scientific Method: A Simple Experiment Generalization Control Group Simple versus Complex Designs Problems in Research: Experimenter Effects and Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Ethical Considerations Summary Suggested ReadingsVI. Sensation and Perception 10. Visual Sensitivity The Problem of Detecting Structure and Function Selective Sensitivity of Receptors Color Vision Theories of Color Vision Summary Suggested Readings Legends for Color Figures 11. The Perception of Things Brightness Contrast Brightness Constancy Steady-State Stimulation The Perception of Pattern Simplicity, Information Theory, and Pattern Perception The Nature-Nurture Question Cortical Analyzers and Form Perception Summary Suggested Readings 12. Perception of Space and Movement The Constancy of Perceived Size The Perception of Distance Space and Illusions The Nature-Nurture Question Again The Perception of Movement Summary Suggested Readings 13. The Auditory Stimulus Physical Properties The Ear The Perception of Sound Summary Suggested Readings 14. The Measurement of Sensitivity Absolute Threshold Difference Thresholds and Weber's Law Fechner's Law Stevens' Power Law Theory of Signal Detection Summary Suggested ReadingsV. The Changing Organism 15. Learning and Motivation Theory Basic Issues in Learning General Discussion Vocabulary of Learning Theory Theories of Learning Additional Theories Summary Suggested Readings 16. The Organism as an Information Processor The Experimental Analysis of Memory Short-Term Memory Short-Term Memory: A Brief Recapitulation Long-Term Memory Long-Term Memory: A Recapitulation Suggested Readings 17. Motivation and Evolution Motivation Revisited Functional Evolution: A Perspective Aspects of Cell Development and Physiology Origins of the Behavioral Response Primitive Behavioral Patterns in Man Regulatory Drives Innateness of Taste Preference The Physical Basis of Hunger Evidence against Drive-Reduction Hypothesis Evidence for Behavioral Specificity in Hypothalamic Functioning Brain Stimulation and Reward Summary Suggested ReadingsVI. Personality and Social Behavior in Perspective 18. Biological Aspects of Personality Genetic Factors Personality Correlates of Body Type Social-Experiential Influences Summary Suggested Readings 19. Theory and Measurement in Personality Freud and the Psychoanalytic Approach The Mechanisms of Defense The Learning Theory Approach Trait Theories Self Theory: Carl Rogers The Measurement of Personality Summary Suggested Readings 20. The Abnormal Personality Paranoid Schizophrenia Normality and Abnormality The Psychoneuroses The Psychoses Summary Suggested Readings 21. The Treatment of Psychological Disorders Therapy: The Treatment of Psychological Disorders Medical Therapies Drug Therapy Psychotherapy Summary Suggested Readings 22. Aspects of Social Behavior Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Control of Motivation Attribution Theory Theory of Social Comparison Social Influence and Conformity Group Dynamics Risky Shift Summary Suggested Readings 23. Social Psychology and Social Problems The Impact of Television Violence Intergroup Prejudice and Conflict Riots and Their Causes Persuasion Urban Stress Summary Suggested Readings VII. The Mind of Man 24. Physical Aspects of Mind Conscious Experience Language Training Brain Code and the Corpus Callosum Summary Suggested ReadingsReferencesIndexHuman Brain Model Assembly Instructions
- No. of pages: 674
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 11, 2013
- Imprint: Academic Press
- eBook ISBN: 9781483271491
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