Fundamentals of Air Pollution
- 1st Edition - January 1, 2014
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editor: Arthur C. Stern
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 6 6 6 5 6 0 - 4
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 4 4 4 9 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 1 4 7 6 7 - 5
Fundamentals of Air Pollution focuses on air quality and the control of air pollution. This book discusses the meteorology of air pollution and the behavior of the atmosphere,… Read more
Purchase options
Fundamentals of Air Pollution focuses on air quality and the control of air pollution. This book discusses the meteorology of air pollution and the behavior of the atmosphere, which differentiates air pollution from the various aspects of environmental management and protection. Organized into four parts encompassing 28 chapters, this text begins with an overview of the gaseous composition of unpolluted air, including nitrogen, oxygen, water, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, and organic vapor. This book then differentiates the primary pollutants that are emitted directly from the source and the secondary pollutants that cause eye irritation, smog, and haze. Other chapters consider the adverse effects of air pollution to human health, environment, and economy. This book is a valuable resource to air pollution, space, atmospheric, and medical scientists, as well as environmentalists, ecologists, biologists, and meteorologists. This text will also be useful to economists, engineers, sanitarians, chemists, public administrators, educators, public relations specialists, researchers, and students.
Chapter 1. Introduction
I. The Authors' Point of View
II. Units and Nomenclature
III. Problems
IV. Bibliographical Material
V. Other Literature Resources
VI. The Authors' Philosophy
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Part I The Elements of Air Pollution
Chapter 2. Ecology
I. Air-Water-Soil Interrelations
II. Total Body Burden
III. Recycling
IV. Population
V. Nondegradation
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 3. Air Pollution
I. Pollution
II. The Atmosphere
III. Unpolluted Air
IV. Particulate Matter
V. Sources and Sinks
VI. Receptors
VII. Transport and Diffusion
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 4. Scales of the Air Pollution Problem
I. Local
II. Urban
III. National
IV. Continental
V. Global
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 5. The Air Pollution System
I. Primary and Secondary Pollutants
II. Strategy and Tactics
III. Episode Control
IV. Control Strategy
V. Economic Considerations
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 6. History of the Problem
I. Before the Industrial Revolution
II. The Industrial Revolution
III. The Twentieth Century
IV. The 1970's
V. The Future
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 7. Air Quality
I. Averaging Time
II. Cyclic Influences
III. Measurement Systems
IV. The Arrowhead Chart
V. Air-Quality Levels
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 8. The Chemistry of Air Pollution
I. The Periodic Table
II. Chemical Bonds
III. Gases
IV. Liquids and Solids
V. Chemical Reactions
VI. Reactions in the Atmosphere
VII. Radioactivity
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Part II The Effects of Air Pollution
Chapter 9. Effects of Air Pollution on Inert Materials
I. Corrosive Atmospheres and Effects
II. Metals
III. Building Stone
IV. Fabrics and Dyes
V. Paper and Leather
VI. Paint
VII. Rubber
VIII. Miscellaneous Materials
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 10. Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation and Animals
I. Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation
II. Injury versus Damage
III. Pollutant Effects on Experimental Animals
IV. Pollutant Effects on Large or Commercial Animals
V. Darwin's Missing Evidence
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 11. Air Pollution Effects on Humans
I. Man and the Environment
II. Man versus Air Pollution
III. Air Pollution Episodes
IV. Air Pollution Epidemiology
V. Animal Experimentation
VI. Human Health
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 12. Aesthetic Effects of Air Pollution
I. Weber-Fechner Relationship
II. Smell
III. Sight
IV. Hearing
V. Touch and Taste
VI. Public Opinion
VII. Sensory Perception
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 13. Air-Quality Criteria and Standards
I. Air-Quality Criteria
II. Air-Quality Standards and Goals
III. Conversion of Effects Data to Criteria
IV. Conversion of Physical Criteria to Standards
V. Conversion of Biological Criteria to Standards
VI. United States National Air-Quality Standards
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 14. Ambient Air Pollution Sampling
I. Objective and Sequence of Air Pollution Sampling
II. Sampling System for Air Pollution Concentrations
III. Static Samplers for Air Pollution Levels
IV. Statistical Approach to Air Sampling
V. Computer and Telemetering Systems
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 15. Air Pollutant Analysis
I. Analysis of Gaseous Pollutants
II. Analysis of Particulate Pollutants
III. Experimental Methods
IV. Radioactivity Analysis
V. Continuous Air-Monitoring Systems
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Part III The Meteorology of Air Pollution
Chapter 16. Sun, Earth, Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate
I. The Sun-Earth-Atmosphere System
II. Duration and Intensity of Sunshine
III. Composition and Dimension of the Atmosphere
IV. Size and Time Scales of Meteorology and Climatology
V. Determinants of Local Climate
VI. Other Determinants of Climate
VII. Weather versus Climate
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 17. Radiation in the Atmosphere
I. The Black Body
II. Solar Radiation and Terrestrial Radiation
III. Absorptivity, Emissivity, and Kirchhoff’s Law
IV. Transmissivity, Depletion, and Beer's Law
V. The Estimation of Net Longwave Radiant Flux in the Lower Atmosphere
VI. The Greenhouse Effect
VII. The Radiation Inversion
VIII. Global Radiation Balance
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 18. Atmospheric Thermodynamics
I. Thermodynamics of Dry Air
II. Thermodynamics of Moist Air
III. Lapse Rate and Vertical Stability
IV. Calculations with Surface Variables
V. Convection, Condensation, and Cloud Formation
VI. The Subsidence Inversion
VII. Potential Instability
VIII. Conservatism of Atmospheric Properties
IX. Cross-Sectional Analysis—Air Masses
X. Cross-Sectional Analysis—Dispersion of Pollutants
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 19. Atmospheric Precipitation
I. Cloud Droplets and Fog
II. Coalescence, Drizzle, and Warm Cloud Rain
III. The Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen Process, Snow, and Cold Cloud Rain
IV. Types of Precipitation-Producing Storms
V. Scavenging of Pollutants by Precipitation
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 20. Motion in the Atmosphere
I. The Microscale—Wind Profiles, Fluctuation, and Turbulence
II. The Microscale—Plume Behavior
III. Models of Diffusion and Dispersion from Point Sources
IV. Models of Diffusion and Dispersion from Area Sources
V. Flow around Obstacles
VI. The Mesoscale—Flow through Rough Terrain
VII. The Mesoscale—Local Wind Systems
VIII. The Macroscale—Balance of Forces and Horizontal Flow
IX. The Macroscale—Upper Air Patterns of Pressure and Wind
X. The Macroscale—Storms and Fronts
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 21. Effects of Pollutants on the Atmosphere
I. Seeing through the Atmosphere
II. Mesoscale Topography, Pollutants, and Stagnation
III. Air Pollutants and Urban Climate
IV. Air Pollutants and Weather Modification
V. Air Pollutants and Global Climatic Change
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 22. Studies of Air Pollution Climatology
I. Two Conceptual Models
II. Studies in Air Pollution Potential
III. Studies of Interactions between the Atmosphere and Pollutants
IV. Operational Forecasting of Air Pollution Potential
V. Undertaking Future Studies of Air Pollution Climatology
References
Questions
Part IV The Control of Air Pollution
Chapter 23. Sources of Air Pollution
I. General
II. Combustion
III. Stationary Sources
IV. Mobile Sources
V. Radioactive Air Pollution
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 24. Emission Inventory
I. Inventory Techniques
II. Emission Factors
III. Data Gathering
IV. Data Reduction and Compilation
V. Inventory Presentation
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 25. Source Sampling
I. General
II. Purpose
III. Statistics of Sampling
IV. Sampling Test Preliminaries
V. Calculations and Report
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 26. Engineering Control
I. Process Change
II. Fuel Change
III. Pollution Removal
IV. Removal of Particulate Matter
V. Removal of Gaseous Pollutants
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 27. Regulatory Control
I. Emission Limits
II. Control of New Installations
III. Control of Existing Sources
IV. Control of Mobile Sources
V. Air-Quality Control Regions
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Chapter 28. Organization for Control
I. Functions
II. Organization
III. Finance
IV. Personnel
V. Advisory Groups
References
Suggested Reading
Questions
Appendix A. Relative Susceptibility of Plants to Various Air Pollutants
Appendix B. Pseudoadiabatic Chart
Appendix C. Psychrometric Chart
Appendix D. The Gaussian Plume Model
Basic Form of the Model
Aids to Computation
Sample Calculations
Special Forms and Conditions
Concluding Remarks
Appendix E. Wind Roses and Trajectories
Wind Roses
Construction of Trajectories
Meaning of a Constructed Trajectory
Appendix F. Symbols and Definitions
Subject Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 1, 2014
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English