Fuels and Fuel Technology

Preface to the Second (SI) EditionPreface to the First EditionSection A: Solid Fuels 1 Definitions and Units 2 Wood 3 Peat 4 Lignites and Sub-Bituminous Coals 5 The Origin of Coal 6 The Classification of Coals 7 Petrology and Chemical Composition 8 Coal—Relationship between Carbon, Hydrogen, Volatile Matter and Calorific Value 9 Coalfields of Great Britain and World Resources 10 Coal Preparation—Grading and Crushing 11 Coal Preparation—Mechanical Cleaning—Theory 12 Coal Preparation—Mechanical Cleaning—Types of Plant 13 Coal Cleaning—Representation of Washer Performance 14 The Storage of Coal—Oxidation and Spontaneous Combustion 15 Combustion Calculations—Coal and Oil 16 Combustion of Coal on Grates 17 Combustion of Fuel in Fluidized Beds 18 Combustion of Coal without Grates 19 Mineral Impurities in Coal—Ash and Clinker Formation 20 Natural and Artificial Draught 21 Solid Fuels made from Coal—Briquettes 22 The Carbonization of Coal in Laboratory Apparatus 23 Solid Fuels Derived from Coal—Low-Temperature Coke 24 Solid Fuels Derived from Coal—High-Temperature Coke 25 Physical and Chemical Properties of Cokes 26 Effect of Coal and Process Variables on Coke Properties 27 Choice of Solid Fuels for Specific Purposes 28 The Sampling and Analysis of Solid Fuels 29 Determination of the Calorific Value of Coal, Coke and Non-Volatile OilsSection B: Liquid Fuels 51 Definitions—Units—Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry 52 Petroleum Oils—The Origin and Nature of Crude Petroleum 53 Petroleum Oils—Preliminary Treatment and Distillation 54 Petroleum Oils—Cracking and Refining Processes 55 Petroleum Oils—Reforming Processes 56 Anti-Knock Rating and Octane Numbers 57 Diesel Fuels—Cetane Numbers 58 Gasolines—Properties and Specifications 59 Kerosines—Properties and Specifications 60 Diesel Fuels—Gas Oils—Specifications 61 Fuel Oils—Properties and Specifications 62 Test Methods for Petroleum Products 63 Oil Products Derived from Coal—Motor Benzole 64 Oil Products Derived from Coal—Coal Tar Fuels 65 Liquid Fuels Derived from Coal—Hydrogenation Products 66 Liquid Fuels Derived from Coal 67 Other Oil Fuels—Shale Oils—Alcohols 68 The Combustion of Fuel Oils—Kerosine 69 The Combustion of Fuel Oils—Furnace Oil Burners 70 The Combustion of Furnace Oils—Ancillary Equipment 71 Combustion of Fuel Oils—Applications 72 Combustion Data on Oil FuelsSection C: Gaseous Fuels 101 Classification, Properties and Units 102 Natural Gas 103 Gases Produced by the Carbonization of Solid Fuels 104 Coal Gas—Types of Plan 105 The Recovery of By-Products from Coal Gas—Summary of Yields of Products by Carbonization of Coal 106 The Gasification of Coal—Producer Gas and Blast-Furnace Gas 107 The Gasification of Coal—Blue Water Gas 108 The Combined Gasification of Coal and Oil—Carburetted Water Gas 109 Lurgi Pressure Gasification of Coal 110 The Gasification of Oils 111 Reforming Petroleum Gases for Town Gas 112 Synthesis of Methane 113 Bottled Gases (Liquefied Petroleum Gases) 114 Fuel Gas Cleaning and Purification 115 Combustion Calculations—Gaseous Fuels 116 Mode of Combustion of Gases and Vapors 117 Fuel Gas Burners 118 Domestic Applications—Space and Central Heating 119 Industrial Applications 120 Metering and Distribution of Gas 121 Measurement of the Calorific Value of Fuel Gas 122 Analysis of Flue and Fuel Gases 123 Technical Merits of Gas over Other Fuels (Including Electricity)Section D: Alternative Energy 130 Alternative Energy—Perspective and Relationship to Nuclear Power 131 Water Power 132 Wind-Power Generators 133 Wave Power 134 Solar Power 135 Geothermal Power 136 Energy from BiomassSection E: Energy Planning 140 World Energy Reserves and Depletion Policy 141 A National Energy PlanSection F: Fuel Technology 151 Choice of Fuels—Technical and Economic Considerations—Specifications 152 Central and Space Heating—General 153 Properties of Steam—Introduction 154 Work Done by Steam—Introduction 155 First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics—Thermal Cycles 156 Pass-out and Back-pressure Turbines—The Throttling Calorimeter 157 Industrial Boilers 158 Boilers—Auxiliary Plant 159 Boiler Waters—Feed Water Treatment 160 Heat Balances—Boilers 161 Properties of Metals—Testing—Resistance to Heat and Corrosion 162 The External Corrosion of Boiler-Plant Metals 163 The Flow of Fluids 164 Measurement of Fluid Flow 165 The Transfer of Heat 166 Supplementary Calculations 167 Refractories 168 Thermal Insulation—Lagging 169 Furnaces 170 Heat Balances—Furnaces 171 Control of Atmosphere in Metallurgical Furnaces 172 Atmospheric Pollution 173 Prevention of Atmospheric Pollution by Industrial Gases 174 The Gas Turbine 175 Instruments—Measuring 176 Instrumentation—Automatic Control 177 Electro-technology Applied to Fuel Technology 178 Waste Heat Boilers 179 Mass Transfer in Distillation and Drying 180 Single- and Multiple-Effect Evaporators