Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation

1  Fuel Cell Fundamentals

1.1  Introduction

1.1.1. Fuel cell perspective

1.1.2. Fuel cell operation

1.1.3. Fuel cell types

1.1.4. Fuel cell characterization

1.2  Thermodynamics

1.2.1. Gibbs free energy

1.2.2. Second law of thermodynamic and fuel cells

1.2.3. Fuel cell efficiency

1.2.4. Role of effective factors

1.3  Electrochemical Reaction Kinetics

1.3.1. Exchange current density

1.3.2. Butler-Volmer equation

1.3.3. Role of effective factors

1.4  Charge Transfer

1.4.1. Electronic resistance

1.4.2. Ionic resistance

1.4.3. Role of effective factors

1.5  Heat and Mass Transport

1.5.1  Diffusive heat and mass transfer

1.5.2  Convective heat and mass transfer

1.2.3. Role of effective factors

1.6  Summary

1.7  Problems

2  PEMFCs

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1  Components and structure

2.1.2  Transport Phenomena in PEMFCs

2.1.3  Balance of system for PEMFCs

2.1.4  Hydrogen for PEMFCs

2.2 Micro-scale Modeling and Simulation of PEMFCs

2.2.1  Microstructure reconstruction

2.2.2  Pore-scale numerical simulation methods

2.2.3  Lattice Boltzmann simulation for evaluating transport properties

2.2.4  Lattice Boltzmann simulation for inspecting droplet behavior

2.2.5  Lattice Boltzmann simulation for inspecting electrode performance

2.2.6. Pore-network simulation of water transport

2.2.7. VOF simulation of water transport

2.3  Macro-scale Modeling and Simulation of PEMFCs

2.3.1  1D models

2.3.2  Framework of finite-volume method

2.3.3  2D/3D single-phase models

2.3.4  2D/3D multi-phase models

2.3.5  2D/3D non-isothermal models

2.3.6  Modeling of a stack

2.3.7  Modeling and control of PEMFC system

2.3.8. Modeling of PEMFC cold start

2.4  Summary

2.5  Problems

3  SOFCs

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1  Components and structures

3.1.2  Transport Phenomena in SOFCs

3.1.3  Balance of fuel processing subsystem

3.2  Micro-scale modeling and Simulation of SOFCs

3.2.1  Microstructure reconstruction methods

3.2.2  Lattice Boltzmann simulation of reactive gas flow

3.3 Macro-scale Modeling and Simulation of SOFCs

3.3.1  1D models

3.3.2  2D/3D models

3.3.3  Modeling of a stack

3.3.4  Modeling and control of SOFC system

3.4   Summary

3.5   Problems

4  Hydrogen Storage Systems

4.1. High-pressure Tanks

4.2  Hydrogen Absorbing Tank

4.2.1. 1D modeling

4.2.2  CFD simulation

4.3  Thermal Management Modeling

4.4  Summary

4.5  Problems

5  Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)

5.1. Vehicle Dynamics

5.2  FCEV Components and Configurations

5.2.1  Traction motor

5.2.2  PEMFC and hydrogen tank

5.2.3  Battery

5.3. Modeling And Control of FCEVS

5.4  Summary

5.5  Problems

6  Fuel Cell Power Plants

6.1  SOFC Power Plant

6.2  SOFC/Gas Turbine Hybrid Power Plant

6.3 PEMFC Power Plants

6.4  Summary

6.5  Problems

7  CHP Systems

7.1  PEMFC-based CHP System

7.2  SOFC-based CHP System

7.3  Summary

7.4  Problems

8  Appendices
A  Lattice-Boltzmann Codes
A.1 Droplet Movement
A.2 Reaction on the Cathode CL
B  MATLAB Codes
C ANSYS Fluent UDFs
D  Optimization Methods
D.1  Genetic Algorithm
D.2  PSO Algorithm
E  Implementing Optimization Methods in C++