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Fracture of Metals

An Advanced Treatise

1st Edition - January 1, 1969

Editor: H. Liebowitz

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 3 2 0 - 4

Fracture of Metals is part of a multivolume treatise that brings together the fundamentals for critical evaluation of the different theories and experimental findings on brittle… Read more

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Fracture of Metals is part of a multivolume treatise that brings together the fundamentals for critical evaluation of the different theories and experimental findings on brittle fracture. These results, together with their design implications, should be made available to professional engineers, students, and researchers in industrial organizations, educational and research institutions, and various governmental agencies. Seven major areas are covered in this treatise on fracture. They are: (1) microscopic and macroscopic fundamentals of fracture; (2) mathematical fundamentals of fracture; (3) engineering fundamentals of fracture and environmental effects; (4) engineering fracture design; (5) fracture design of structures; (6) fracture of metals; and (7) fracture of nonmetals and composites. The present volume focuses on the fracture of metals. The book opens with chapter on the influence of alloying elements on fracture behavior in metallic systems of the three common crystal structures: face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close packed. Separate chapters follow on the principal microstructural factors which seem to be important for fracture toughness; the nature of the fracture processes occurring in high-strength materials; and the state of knowledge on fracture toughness of structural steels. Subsequent chapters deal with the strength and toughness of hot-rolled, ferrite-pearlite steels; fracture behavior of aluminum and its alloys; and fracture phenomena associated with electrical effects.

List of Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1. Effects of Alloying on Fracture Characteristics

I. Introduction

II. Theory of the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition

III. Solutes and Plastic Properties Related to Fracture

IV. Fracture of Solid Solution Alloys

V. Fracture of Ordered Alloys

VI. Fracture of Precipitation-Hardened or Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys

VII. Grain-Size Effects

VIII. Alloying Elements and Fracture Toughness

IX. Recommended Research

X. Summary

Appendix A. Derivation of Fracture Stress-Surface Energy Relation

Appendix B. Derivation of ky

Symbols

References

Chapter 2. Metal Processing and Fracture

I. Introduction

II. Processing for Structural Refinement

III. Processing-Induced Fracturing Anisotropy

IV. Processing for Control of Intragranular Structure

V. Recommended Research

VI. Summary

Appendix. Grain-Size Measurement

References

Chapter 3. Fracture of High-Strength Materials

I. Introduction

II. The Effect of Plate Thickness on Fracture Toughness

III. Physical Basis for Fracture-Safe Design with High-Strength Materials

IV. Microscopic Aspects of Fracture in High-Strength Materials

V. Fatigue

VI. Environmental Effects

VII. Recommended Research

VIII. Summary

Symbols

References

Chapter 4. Fracture Toughness Comparisons in Steels

I. Introduction

II. Fracture Toughness Tests for Constructional Steels

III. Toughness Tests Based on Fracture Mechanics

IV. Correlations among Fracture-Toughness Tests

V. Correlation of Laboratory and Service Data

VI. Effects of Composition on Fracture Toughness

VII. Effects of Mill Processing

VIII. Effects of Heat Treatment

IX. Effects of Other Variables

X. High-Strength Steels

XI. Recommended Research

XII. Summary

Symbols

References

Chapter 5. Strength and Toughness of Hot-Rolled Ferrite-Pearlite Steels

I. Introduction

II. Concepts and Terminology

III. Microstructural Factors Determining Strength and Toughness

IV. Application of Techniques of Analysis to Production Conditions

V. Recommended Research

VI. Summary

Appendix

Symbols

References

Chapter 6. Fracture Behavior of Aluminum Alloys

I. Introduction

II. Test Methods

III. Engineering Methods for the Design of Aluminum against Fracture

IV. Micromechanistic Observations of Fracture

V. Metallurgical Considerations

VI. Recommended Research

VII. Summary

Symbols

References

Chapter 7. Fracture in the Refractory Metals

I. Introduction

II. Fracture at Low Temperatures from the Macroscopic Viewpoint

III. Atomistic Considerations of Fracture at Low Temperatures

IV. High-Temperature Fracture

V. Recommended Research

VI. Summary

Symbols

References

Chapter 8. Effects of Lasers on Fracture of Materials

I. Introduction

II. Discussion

III. Recommended Research

IV. Summary

Symbols

References

Chapter 9. Electrically Induced Fracture of Materials

I. Introduction

II. Fracture Induced by Spark Discharges

III. Fracture Induced by Arc Discharges

IV. Fracture Associated with Electrical Fields

V. Fracture in Piezoelectric Materials

VI. Recommended Research

VII. Summary

Symbols

References

Author Index

Subject Index