Forest Fungi

Biodiversity, Conservation, Mycoforestry and Biotechnology

1st Edition - September 4, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Ahmed M. Abdel Azeem, Marieka Gryzenhout, Soumya Ghosh, Teroj A. Mohammed
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 8 7 0 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 8 7 1 - 8

Forest Fungi: Biodiversity, Conservation, Mycoforestry and Biotechnology explores sustainable option aspects of forest fungal research, from the selection of hosting plants, isolat… Read more

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Forest Fungi: Biodiversity, Conservation, Mycoforestry and Biotechnology explores sustainable option aspects of forest fungal research, from the selection of hosting plants, isolation, identification, fermentation, identification of secondary metabolites, omics-tools for better understanding the plant–fungus Interactions. Forests are the world’s greatest repository of terrestrial biomass, soil carbon and biodiversity. They provide a variety of provisioning, supporting, regulatory and cultural ecosystem services, which are crucial for the survival of human beings. Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems as mutualists, saprobes and pathogens.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Editors
Foreword
Foreword
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1. Fungi as hidden partners of forest plants: An introduction
Introduction
Types of macrofungi in forest ecosystems
Predatory/parasitic macrofungi
Active roles of macrofungi in ecosystem processes
Chapter 2. Diversity, phylogeny and taxonomy of forest fungal communities
Introduction
Biodiversity of fungi in the forests
Fungal phylogeny and taxonomic of forest ecosystems
Secondary metabolites of wild edible mushrooms from subantartic forests
Forest-associated fungi endo-microbiome
Concluding remarks and outlook
Chapter 3. Climatic changes and drought against forest fungi
Introduction
Forests ecosystem
Climate change effect on mutualistic fungi
Climate alteration effect on saprophytic fungi
Climate alteration effect on pathogenic fungi
Conclusion
Chapter 4. Geographic distribution of forest fungi and their associated plant taxa
Introduction
Types of mycorrhizal association and their role in forest ecology
How to identify the fungal flora distributed in terrestrial ecosystem globally
An overview of worldwide distribution of fungal association with forest trees
Effects of abiotic factors on mycorrhizal associations in forest ecology
Types of fungal endophytes and their role in forest ecology
Pathogenic fungi and their role in forest ecology
The role of wood decaying fungi and other saprophytes in forest ecology
Conclusion
Chapter 5. “Omics” tools for better understanding the plant-fungi interactions
Introduction
Plants and pathogens
Genome sequence analysis
Transcriptomics
Proteomics
Metabolomics
Conclusion
Chapter 6. Plant growth promoting potentials of forest fungi
Introduction
Classification and diversity of PGPFF
Nature of plant growth-promoting forest fungi (PGPFF)
Functions, mechanisms, and beneficial effects of PGPFF
Host specificity and benefits in fungi-forest fungi interaction
PGPF as a plant growth promoter
PGPFF as bioproducts: easy, promising, and timely
Factors that influence PGPFF activities in agricultural plants
Conclusion
Chapter 7. Molecular approaches for extraction and screening of bioactive compounds from forest fungi
Introduction
Extraction methods for bioactive compounds from forest fungi
Conventional extraction approaches
Green non-conventional extraction approaches
Screening for bioactive compounds from forest fungi
Molecular screening methods
Conclusions and future prospect
Chapter 8. In silico prediction and characterization of secondary metabolites from forest fungi
Forest fungal diversity and community composition
How to predict a potential secondary metabolite
Lichens
Antibacterial metabolites from forest lichens
Endophytes
Rhizospheric fungi
Basidiomycetes
Biocontrol metabolites from Amazonian fungi
Chapter 9. The insecticidal activity of forest fungi for sustainable agriculture
Introduction
Insecticidal activities of fungi on cultivated plants
Insecticidal activities of forest fungi on stored products
Conclusions
Chapter 10. Bioactive compounds of forest fungi for diverse biotechnological applications
Introduction
Main sources of bioactives in the forest
Bioprospecting for different biotechnological applications
Conclusions
Chapter 11. Industrial applications of enzymes of forest fungi
Introduction
Why fungi synthesize enzymes
Structure and function of fungal enzymes
Classification of enzymes
Activity of fungal extracellular enzymes
Forest fungi and their potential for plant polysaccharide utilization
Fungal enzymes and their industrial applications
Conclusion
Chapter 12. The chitinolytic potential of forest fungi
Introduction
Chitin in nature
Chitinases: Classification & natural sources
Forest fungi: Their chitinolytic potential
Applications of microbial chitinases
Conclusion and future prospects
Chapter 13. Antimycobacterial compounds produced by forest fungi: An overview
Introduction
Mycobacteria
Forest fungi and their antimicrobial activities
Knowledge gaps and prospects
Conclusion
Chapter 14. Production of secondary metabolites by forest fungi
Introduction
The forest habitat
Fungi in the forest
Secondary metabolites production by fungi
Properties of secondary metabolites
Processes of fungal secondary metabolite production
Agricultural applications
Industrial application
Bioremediation applications
Conclusion
Chapter 15. Forest fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Introduction
Endophytic fungi and fungal volatile organic compounds (FVOCs)
VOC's ecological role and interspecies relations
What is the purpose behind scientists' investigation of fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCS)?
Methods for analysing fungal VOCs
Overview of the detection and characterization of fungal VOCs
Conclusion
Chapter 16. Anticancer and antimicrobial potential of forest endophytes
Introduction
Endophytes
Classification of endophytes
Need for novel bioactive compounds
Overview of bioactive naturally occurring substances
Why endophytic fungi?
Endophytic fungi as a bioactive chemical source
Bioactive molecules of endophytes in pharmaceutical applications
Endophytes and their anticancer products
Antimicrobial activities of endophytes
Conclusion
Chapter 17. Forest endophytes as a novel source of plastic degradation
Introduction
Fungal endophytes
Mechanisms involved in the plastic degradation
Plastic degradation by fungi
Assessment techniques
Conclusion with future perspective of fungal endophytes
Chapter 18. Forest macrofungi as novel sources of antioxidant
Introduction
Forest macrofungi
Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant system of the forest macrofungi
Antioxidant compounds generated by the forest macrofungi
Methodologies implemented to assess antioxidant activities in forest macrofungi
Knowledge gaps and future perspective
Conclusion
Chapter 19. Alkaloids of forest fungi: diversity and therapeutic applications
Introduction
What are alkaloids?
Biosynthesis of fungal alkaloids
Classification of alkaloids
Alkaloid-producing forest fungi in human history
Therapeutic applications of forest fungal alkaloids
Conclusion
Chapter 20. Forest fungi as a source of high protein
Introduction
Conclusion
Chapter 21. Forest fungi: Secondary metabolism, regulation, function and drug discovery
Introduction
Chemical families of fungal secondary metabolites
Regulation of fungal secondary metabolites
Functions of secondary metabolites
Drug discovery
Biological activity of secondary metabolites from forest fungi
Chapter 22. Forest fungi from the jungle to the factory: Recent biofuel developments
Introduction
Plant energy storage and role in biofuel industry
Bioethanol fermentation using fungi
Way ahead for fungi biorefinery
Concluding remarks
Chapter 23. Conservation of forest fungi: Current situation and future perspectives
Introduction
Conservation measures OD forest fungi
Threats to forest fungal conservation
Forest fungi conservation
Current situation
Biodiversity and conservation
Summary statements for mycologists to take into account when planning and performing fungi conservation efforts
Conclusion
Future perspectives regarding the conservation of forest fungi
Chapter 24. Industrial and biotechnological application of lignin-degrading forest fungi
Introduction
Lignin
Economic importance of lignin degradation
Lignin-degrading fungal communities, diversity and ecosystem functions
Ligninolytic enzymes and mechanism of lignin degradation
Prospecting, screening, and production of ligninolytic enzymes from novel lignin-degrading forest fungi
Challenges of efficient ligninolysis
Limitations of fungal lignin degradation compared to alternative methods of lignin degradation
Utilization of forest fungi
Conclusion
Chapter 25. Ectomycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers in forestry restoration in Africa
Introduction
The mycorrhizal symbiosis
Ectomycorrhiza as biofertilizers
Role of ectomycorrhiza in nutrient cycling processes
Ectomycorrhizae inoculation interventions
Ectomycorrhiza associations in Africa
Major threats to ectomycorrhizal biomes in Africa
Conclusion
Chapter 26. Forest fungi: Advancement of White biotechnology via forest fungi
Introduction
Habitat of different forest fungi
The significance of fungi in the forest
Fungi and their metabolic products
Role of fungi in White biotechnology
Conclusion
Future perspectives
Chapter 27. Forest fungi nanotechnology and their applications
Introduction
Introduction to nanotechnology
Myconanotechnology in the agrisectors
Myconanotechnology for food packaging
Myconanotechnology for the development of biomedicine and nanomedicine
Myconanotechnology to combat antimicrobial resistance
Myconanotechnology for the development of nanobiosensors
Myconanotechnology in nanocosmetics
Myconanotechnology in biomineralization
Myconanotechnology in crop stress management
Challenges faced
Future prospects
Conclusion
Index

Ahmed M. Abdel Azeem

Professor Azeem PhD is currently working as a Professor at the Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. He completed his Ph.D. degree from Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Prof. Abdel-Azeem is a mycologist with particular interest in the ecology, taxonomy, biology, and conservation of fungi, especially on the members of the phylum Ascomycota. His research includes isolation, identification, and taxonomic assessments of these fungi with particular emphasis on those which produce bioactive materials from different ecological habitats especially endophytes. He is the editor in chief of Microbial Biosystems Journal (MBJ) and a reviewer of more than seven international journals. He has published more than 70 research paper journals, 27 book chapters in books published by international publishers, and 5 books

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Marieka Gryzenhout

Dr. Marieka Gryzenhout PhD is passionate about studying fungi (mycology). Her mycology career started when she developed a world monograph of the important tree pathogen fungal family Cryphonectriaceae. Her research instilled in her a hunger to discover fungal species, describe them and untangle taxonomic problems using a practical approach and making the knowledge available to diverse end-users who do not necessarily have the appropriate skills and background. Her current position as biosystematist in the Department of Genetics at the University of the Free State, is conducive to follow her research ideals. Currently she published 85 international peer reviewed articles, three books (one has been revised and released again) and four book chapters

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

Soumya Ghosh

Dr. Soumya Ghosh is currently working as an Assistant Professor at the Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman since January, 2024. Previously, he worked as postdoctoral researcher at the University of the Free State, South Africa (2019 - 2024). Following his Ph.D. from Stellenbosch University, South Africa (2011-2015) he pursued his first postdoctoral studies at Thompson Rivers University, Canada (2016 -2017). After returning from Canada, he joined as visiting faculty of Microbiology at Kuchaman College, Rajasthan, India. Prior to his PhD, Dr. Ghosh worked as Research Fellow at the Biological Center, University of Gröningen, The Netherlands (2005). Thereafter, he worked as a Research Fellow at the Centre of Plant Molecular Biology, Tübingen University, Germany (2005-2008) where he secured his Biologie-Diplomarbeit (2005-2006) and consecutively at the Technical University Munich, Germany (2008 to 2010). Dr. Ghosh completed his Bachelor’s degree in Microbiology from Garware College, Pune, India in 1999 and subsequently his Master’s degree in Zoology at Pune University in 2001. Dr. Ghosh works on diverse fields ranging from plant biology to microbial diversity (bacteria and fungus). Recently, since 1^st January, 2024, Dr. Ghosh has been awarded with the South African National Research Foundation (NRF)- C3 scientist rating.

Affiliations and expertise

Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Post Box 33, PC 616

Teroj A. Mohammed

Dr.Teroj A. Mohammed PhD is currently working as a microbiologist at the Basic Science Department, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok and she is a Ph.D. candidate for medical microbiology.Teroj research includes isolation, identification, and taxonomic analysis of Microbiological organisms, emphasizing those that are Zoonotic and have an impact on human health, as well as special interest on fungi that produce biologically active compound . Her most recent attraction is for fungus consevation and biodiversity. She is a member of the American Society for Microbiology, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Collaborator Network, and the Iraqi Mycologists newtwork . She has published more than 13 research paper journals, focusing on Microbe's human health effect and Fungal bibliography

Affiliations and expertise

Microbiologist, Basic Science Department, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Iraq

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Forest Fungi

Biodiversity, Conservation, Mycoforestry and Biotechnology

Purchase options

World Book Day Celebration!

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Ahmed M. Abdel Azeem

Marieka Gryzenhout

Soumya Ghosh

Teroj A. Mohammed

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