Foot and Ankle Biomechanics

1. Introduction

1.1 Foot Anatomy

1.2 Basic Biomechanics

1.3 Anatomical Nomenclature


2. Function

2.1 Kinematics and Kinetics of the Foot

2.2 Bone, Cartilage, and Joint Function

2.3 Musculotendonous

2.4 Ligamentous

2.5 Plantar soft tissues


3. Measurement and Analysis Techniques Kinematics and Kinetics

3.1 Multisegment foot models

3.2 Bone pins

3.3 Biplane fluoroscopy

3.4 Plantar pressure and ground reaction forces

3.5 EMG, Dynamometers

3.6 Wearable technology Imaging

3.7 Radiographs

3.8 CT (bone shape, QCT)

3.9 MRI

3.10 Ultrasound

3.11 3D scanning Simulation and Modeling

3.12 Cadaveric Gait Simulation

3.13 Finite element modeling

3.14 Musculoskeletal modeling

3.15 Joint congruency

3.16 Tissue modeling


4. Clinical Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle

4.1 Clinical Foot Examination

4.2 Foot Type

4.3 Traumatic Foot Injuries

4.4 Pediatric Foot

4.5 Neurological Foot Pathology (Cerebral Palsy, stroke, Charcot-Marie-Tooth)

4.6 Chronic Instability and Overuse Injuries

4.7 Anatomical Variation

4.8 Hallux Valgus

4.9 Osteoathritis

4.10 Diabetic Foot Disease

4.11 Rheumatic Foot Disease

4.12 Aging Foot

4.13 Footwear Biomechanics


5. Clincial Interventions

5.1 Foot Orthotics

5.2 Ankle Foot Orthotics

5.3 Diabetic Footwear

5.4 Rocker Bottom Shoes

5.5 Canes/Walkers

5.6 Flatfoot/Cavus Reconstructions (mco, ccda, evans, Z)

5.7 Hindfoot Fusion

5.8 Hallux Valgus Treatments

5.9 Fracture Fixation

5.10 Arthroplasty/Arthrodesis