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Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis
Statistical Methods and Applications
- 2nd Edition - February 13, 2014
- Authors: Suresh Babu, Shailendra Gajanan, Prabuddha Sanyal
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 5 8 6 4 - 4
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 0 0 6 6 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 0 5 9 0 9 - 2
Food insecurity, the lack of access at all times to the food needed for an active and healthy life, continues to be a growing problem as populations increase while the world ec… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFood insecurity, the lack of access at all times to the food needed for an active and healthy life, continues to be a growing problem as populations increase while the world economy struggles. Formulating effective policies for addressing these issues requires thorough understanding of the empirical data and application of appropriate measurement and analysis of that information.
Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis, Second Edition
has been revised and updated to include hands-on examples and real-world case studies using the latest datasets, tools and methods. Providing a proven framework for developing applied policy analysis skills, this book is based on over 30 years of food and nutrition policy research at the International Food Policy Research Institute and has been used worldwide to impart the combined skills of statistical data analysis, computer literacy and their use in developing policy alternatives.This book provides core information in a format that provides not only the concept behind the method, but real-world applications giving the reader valuable, practical knowledge.- Updated to address the latest datasets and tools, including STATA software, the future of policy analysis
- Includes a new chapter on program evaluation taking the reader from data analysis to policy development to post-implementation measurement
- Identifies the proper analysis method, its application to available data and its importance in policy development using real-world scenarios
- Over 30% new content and fully revised throughout
Food scientists and nutritionists, consultants, professionals and advanced students involved in the development and implementation of successful policies and programs for addressing the concerns of adequate food supply to the world
Dedication
Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction
I: Food Security Policy Analysis
Section I: Food Security Policy Analysis
Introduction
Why Study Food Security Policy Analysis?
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
1: Introduction to Food Security: Concepts and Measurement
Introduction
Conceptual Framework of Food Security
Food Security in the Developed World
Other Policy Issues in the US
Food Security Concerns in Other Countries
Measurement of the Determinants of Food Security
Food Availability
Food Utilization
Stability of Availability
Conclusions
A Natural Question is Why is Measuring Food Insecurity Important for Better Program Design in Developing Countries?
Exercises
2: Implications of Technological Change, Post-Harvest Technology, and Technology Adoption for Improved Food Security—Application of t-Statistic
Introduction
Review of Selected Studies
Food Security Issues and Technology in the United States
Biofuels—The Chinese Experience
US Farm Policy and Food Security—Background and Current Issues
GEO-5 and Coping Mechanisms for the Future
Empirical Analysis—A Basic Univariate Approach
Data Description and Analysis
Two Measures of Household Food Security are Computed:
Student’s t-test for Testing the Equality of Means
Policy Implications
Technical Appendices
Using Stata for t-tests
Exercises
Problem
3: Effects of Commercialization of Agriculture (Shift from Traditional Crop to Cash Crop) on Food Consumption and Nutrition—Application of Chi-Square Statistic
Introduction
A Few Concepts
Review of Selected Studies
Organic Farms and Commercialization in the United States
Organic Farming in a Global Context
Empirical Analysis
Data Description and Analysis
Descriptive Analysis: Cross-Tabulation Results
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Technical Appendices
Limitations of the Chi-Square Procedure
Exercises
4: Effects of Technology Adoption and Gender of Household Head: The Issue, Its Importance in Food Security—Application of Cramer’s V and Phi Coefficient
Introduction
Review of Selected Studies
Female Farm Operators in Kenya and Ethiopia: Recent Evidence
Female Farm Operators in the United States
Women in Agriculture: The Global Scene
Uganda’s Coffee Market: A Case Study
Empirical Analysis
Data Description and Analysis
Descriptive Analysis: Cross-Tabulation Results
Cramer’s V and Phi Tests
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Cramer’s V in STATA
Technical Appendices
Exercises
5: Changes in Food Consumption Patterns: Its Importance to Food Security—Application of One-Way ANOVA
Introduction
Determinants of Food Consumption Patterns and Its Importance to Food Security and Nutritional Status
Impact on Food Security
Review of Selected Studies
Empirical Analysis and Main Findings
Data Description
Analysis Method
Results
One-Way ANOVA in STATA
Conclusion and Policy Implications
One-Way ANOVA
Underlying Assumptions in the ANOVA Procedure
Decomposition of Total Variation
Number of Degrees of Freedom
F-Test and Distribution
Relation of F to T-Distribution
Exercises
6: Impact of Market Access on Food Security—Application of Factor Analysis
Introduction
Assessing the Linkages of Market Reforms on Food Security and Productivity
Empirical Analysis
Technical Concepts
Data Description and Methodology
Factor Analysis by Principal Components
Examining Eigenvalues
Principal Components Analysis in STATA
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Technical Appendices
Exercises
II: Nutrition Policy Analysis
Section II: Nutrition Policy Analysis
Introduction
Why Study Nutrition Security?
What is Nutrition Security and Why Study It?
What Interventions are Desirable to Improve Nutrition Security?
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
7: Impact of Maternal Education and Care on Preschoolers’ Nutrition—Application of Two-Way ANOVA
Introduction
Conceptual Framework: Linkages Between Maternal Education, Child-Care, and Nutritional Status of Children
Maternal Education and Nutrition Status in the United States
Children’s Nutrition and Maternal Education in Kenya
Cross-Tabulation of Weight for Height with Mothers’ Educational Levels
Interpreting the Interaction Effect and Post-hoc Tests
Conclusion
Technical Appendices
Post-hoc Procedures
Exercises
8: Indicators and Causal Factors of Nutrition—Application of Correlation Analysis
Introduction
Review of Selected Studies
Food Insecurity and Nutrition in the United States
Food Insecurity in Brazil
Global Monitoring Report on Nutrition and Millennium Development Goals
The Impact of the Food Price Spike on Rural Bangladesh
Malnutrition and Chronic Disease in India
Malnutrition in Guatemala
Empirical Analysis and Main Findings
Data Description and Methodology
Concepts in Correlation Analysis
Inference About Population Parameters in Correlation
Descriptive Analysis
Main Results
Correlation Analysis of the Outcome Variables
Estimating Correlation Using STATA
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Exercises
9: Effects of Individual, Household, and Community Indicators on Child’s Nutritional Status—Application of Simple Linear Regression
Introduction
Conceptual Framework and Indicators of Nutritional Status
Review of Studies on the Determinants of Child Nutritional Status
Child’s Nutritional Status in the United States
AIDS and Double Burden in Africa
Malnutrition and Mortality in Pakistan and INDIA
Social Participation as Social Capital, Women Empowerment, and Nutrition in Peru
Empirical Analysis and Main Findings
Data Description
Incidence of Stunting and Wasting
Normality Tests and Transformation of Variables
Regression Results
Conclusion
Exercises
10: Maternal Education and Community Characteristics as Indicators of Nutritional Status of Children—Application of Multivariate Regression
Introduction
Selected Studies on the Role of Maternal Education and Community Characteristics on Child Nutritional Status
Community Characteristics and Children’s Nutrition in the United States
Community Characteristics and Child Nutrition in Kenya
Financial Crisis and Child Nutrition in East Asia
Double Burden within Mother-Child Pairs: Asian Case
Empirical Analysis
Data Description and Methodology
Descriptive Summary of Independent Variables
Main Results
Conclusions
Exercises
III: Special Topics on Poverty, Nutrition and Food Policy Analysis
Section III: Special Topics on Poverty, Nutrition, and Food Policy Analysis
Introduction
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
11: Predicting Child Nutritional Status Using Related Socioeconomic Variables—Application of Discriminant Function Analysis
Introduction
Conceptual Framework: Linkages Between Women’s Status and Child Nutrition
Review of Selected Studies
Indirect Linkages Between Women’s Status and Child’s Nutritional Status
USDA Nutrition Assistance Programs: A Case Study from the US
Case Studies of Women’s Status and Child Nutritional Status from Africa, Asia and Latin America
Can Garden Plots Save Russia?
Empirical Analysis and Main Findings
Data Description and Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
Testing the Assumptions Underlying DA Model
Summary of Main Findings
Classification Statistics
Canonical Discriminant Analysis Using STATA
Conclusions
Technical Appendix: Discriminant Analysis
Exercises
12: Measurement and Determinants of Poverty—Application of Logistic Regression Models
Introduction
Dimensions and Rationale for Measuring Poverty
Construction of Poverty Lines Using Food Energy Intake (FEI) and Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) Approaches
New Measures of Poverty Based on the Engel Curve
Selected Review of Studies on Determinants of Poverty
Poverty and Welfare in the United States
Agriculture and Poverty in Laos and Cambodia
Financial Crisis and Poverty in the Russian Federation
Poverty in Europe
Poverty in Developing Countries: China and India
Determinants of Poverty—Binary Logistic Regression Analysis
Dichotomous Logistic Regression Model
An Example with the Malawi Dataset
Expected Determinants of Household Welfare
Empirical Results
Measuring model fit
Interpreting the Logistic Coefficients and Discussion of Results
Estimating Logistic Regression Models in STATA
Conclusions and Implications
Technical appendices
Exercises
13: Classifying Households On Food Security and Poverty Dimensions—Application of K-Mean Cluster Analysis
Introduction
Food Hardships and Economic Status in the United States
Food Security, Economic Crisis, and Poverty in India
Cluster Analysis: Various Approaches
Hierarchical Clustering Method
K-Means Method
Review of Selected Studies Using Cluster Analysis
Empirical Analysis: K-Means Clustering
Data Description
Initial Partitions and Optimum Number of Clusters
Descriptive Characteristics of the Cluster of Households
Cluster Centers
Cluster Analysis in Stata
Conclusion and Implications
Exercises
14: Household Care as a Determinant of Nutritional Status—Application of Instrumental Variable Estimation
Introduction
Review of Selected Studies
Federal Nutrition Programs and Children’s Health in US
Parental Unemployment and Children’s Health in Germany
Food Security Using the Gallup World Poll
Empirical Analysis
Conclusions
Exercises
15: Achieving an Ideal Diet—Modeling with Linear Programming
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Linear Programming Model
Solution Procedures
Graphical Solution Approach
Summary
Exercises
16: Food and Nutrition Program Evaluation
Introduction
Recent Developments
Summary and Conclusions
Section IV: Technical Appendix
Appendix 1-Introduction to Software Access and Use
Appendix 2-Software Information
Appendix 3-SPSS/PC+ Environment and Commands
Appendix 4-Data Handling
Appendix 5-SPSS Programming Basics
Appendix 6-STATA--A Basic Tutorial
Appendix 7-Anthropometric Indicators--Computation and Use
Appendix 8-Elements of Matrix Algebra
Appendix 9-Some Preliminary Statistical Concepts
Appendix 10-Instrumental Variable Estimation
Statistical Tables
References
Index
- No. of pages: 648
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: February 13, 2014
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780124058644
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128100660
- eBook ISBN: 9780124059092
SB
Suresh Babu
Suresh C Babu is a Senior Research Fellow and Head of Capacity Strengthening at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D.C. Before joining IFPRI in 1992 as a Research Fellow, Dr. Babu was a Research Economist at the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Between 1989 and 1994 he spent 5 years in Malawi, Southern Africa on various capacities. He was Senior Food Policy Advisor to the Malawi Ministry of Agriculture on developing a national level Food and Nutrition Information System; an Evaluation Economist for the UNICEF-Malawi working on designing food and nutrition intervention programs; Coordinator of UNICEF/IFPRI food security program in Malawi; and a Senior Lecturer at the Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANR). He has been coordinator of IFPRI’s South Asia Initiative and Central Asia Program. His past research covers a range of developmental issues including nutrition economics and policy, economics of soil fertility, famine prevention, market integration, migration, pesticide pollution, groundwater depletion, and gender bias in development. He has published more than 18 books and monographs and 80 peer reviewed journal papers. He has been on the advisory board of World Agricultural Forum and a Coordinating Lead Author of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. He currently conducts research on Capacity Development including Economic Analysis of Extension and Advisory Services; Reforming of National agricultural Research Systems; Understanding Policy Process; and Institutional Innovations for Agricultural Transformation. He is or has been a Visiting as Honorary Professor of Indira Gandhi National Open University, India, American University, Washington DC, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, and Zhejiang University, China. He currently serves or has served on the editorial boards of the following journals – Food Security, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Agricultural Economics Research Review, African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, African Journal of Management, and African Journal of Food, Nutrition, and Development. Dr. Babu was educated at Agricultural Universities in Tamil Nadu, India (B.S. Agriculture; M.S. Agriculture) and at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (M.S. Economics and PhD Economics).
Affiliations and expertise
Senior Research Fellow and Head of Capacity Strengthening, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USASG
Shailendra Gajanan
Shailendra Gajanan is a Professor in the Department of Economics, and is the Chair of the Department of Business Management and Education at the University of Pittsburgh, Bradford. He received his BA and MA in Economics from the Presidency College and the Loyola College, University of Madras, India. He received and MA (1985) from the University of Akron, Ohio and PhD (1991) in Economics from the University of Pittsburgh. He joined the faculty of the Social Sciences Division at the University of Pittsburgh in 1991. He served previously as the Chair of the Social Sciences Division. Dr. Gajanan has served as the Program Director for Economics and has taught lower and upper level theory and policy classes in economic theory, econometrics, game theory, as well as applied classes in global hunger and environmental economics. He has also taught courses in India and West Germany. He supervises and directs International Study Abroad Programs and is slated to coordinate the Pitt-in-Himalayas in the summer of 2016. He has also served as an external evaluator on several thesis committees from universities in India and Malaysia. Dr. Gajanan’s research focuses on applied microeconomics dealing with water depletion within the commons, capacity utilization in manufacturing, the premium in the labor market for skills with English, and the impact of Category Management on product assortment in retail. He is the co-author of Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis: Statistical Methods and Applications (Elsevier 2014).
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Economics, Department of Business Management and Education, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, USAPS
Prabuddha Sanyal
Affiliations and expertise
Int'l Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USARead Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis on ScienceDirect