Foaming with Supercritical Fluids
- 1st Edition, Volume 9 - November 6, 2021
- Authors: Ernesto Di Maio, Salvatore Iannace, Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Editor: Erdogan Kiran
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 7 2 4 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 7 3 6 - 9
Foaming with Supercritical Fluids, Volume Nine provides a comprehensive description of the use of supercritical fluids as blowing agents in polymer foaming. To this aim, the funda… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFoaming with Supercritical Fluids, Volume Nine provides a comprehensive description of the use of supercritical fluids as blowing agents in polymer foaming. To this aim, the fundamental issues on which the proper design and control of this process are rooted are discussed in detail, with specific attention devoted to the theoretical and experimental aspects of sorption thermodynamics of a blowing agent within a polymer, the effect of the absorbed blowing agent on the thermal, interfacial and rheological properties of the expanding matter, and the phase separation of the gaseous phase, and of the related bubble nucleation and growth phenomena.
Several foaming technologies based on the use of supercritical blowing agents are then described, addressing the main issues in the light of the underlying chemical-physical phenomena.
- Offers strong fundamentals on polymer properties important on foaming
- Outlines the use of supercritical fluids for foaming
- Covers theoretical points-of-view, including foam formation of the polymer/gas solution to the setting of the final foam
- Discusses the several processing technologies and applications
Graduate and undergraduate students; industry specialists
- Cover
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Foreword
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Foams and their applications
- Abstract
- 1.1: Introduction
- 1.2: Properties
- 1.3: Materials
- 1.4: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 2: Foam technologies
- Abstract
- 2.1: Introduction
- 2.2: Physical foaming: Pouring some beer
- 2.3: Chemical foaming: Baking a cake
- 2.4: Aeration: Whipping egg whites
- 2.5: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 3: Gas foaming with physical blowing agents
- Abstract
- 3.1: Introduction
- 3.2: Blowing agent solubilization
- 3.3: Bubble nucleation
- 3.4: Bubble growth and mutual impingement
- 3.5: Foam structure setting/solidification
- 3.6: Gas foaming, some practice!
- 3.7: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4: Supercritical fluids
- Abstract
- 4.1: Critical point and supercritical state of a single-component fluid
- 4.2: Theories of critical phenomena
- 4.3: Supercritical mixtures
- 4.4: Mixtures of supercritical fluids with polymers
- 4.5: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 5: Sorption thermodynamics of low molecular weight compounds in polymers
- Abstract
- 5.1: Introduction
- 5.2: Using EoS theories to model sorption equilibrium thermodynamics in rubbery and molten polymers
- 5.3: Modeling sorption thermodynamics in nonequilibrium glassy polymers
- 5.4: Experimental methods to investigate sorption thermodynamics
- 5.5: Examples of experimental results and their modeling for gas and vapor sorption in polymers
- 5.6: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 6: Mass transport of low molecular weight compounds in polymers
- Abstract
- 6.1: Introduction
- 6.2: Theories of mass transport in polymers
- 6.3: Experimental methods for the measurement of diffusivity
- 6.4: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 7: Interfacial tension
- Abstract
- 7.1: Axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) for the evaluation of interfacial tension in polymer/gas solutions
- 7.2: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8: Rheological properties
- Abstract
- 8.1: Introduction
- 8.2: Measurement of rheological properties of polymer/BA solutions
- 8.3: Modeling of rheological properties of polymer/BA solutions
- 8.4: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9: Thermal properties of polymer-penetrant mixtures
- Abstract
- 9.1: Introduction
- 9.2: Glass transition
- 9.3: Effect of penetrant sorption on melting temperature of semicrystalline polymers. General features.
- 9.4: Coefficient of thermal conductivity of polymer-penetrant mixtures.
- 9.5: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 10: Bubble nucleation
- Abstract
- 10.1: Introduction
- 10.2: Thermodynamics of bubble nucleation
- 10.3: Kinetics of bubble nucleation
- 10.4: Quantitative approaches to CNT
- 10.5: Nonclassical nucleation theories
- 10.6: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 11: Bubble growth
- Abstract
- 11.1: Introduction
- 11.2: Statement of the differential equations problem
- 11.3: Single bubble growth (1D)
- 11.4: Multiple bubbles growth (2D, 3D)
- 11.5: Impingement model
- 11.6: Foam setting mechanisms
- 11.7: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 12: Continuous processing
- Abstract
- 12.1: Introduction
- 12.2: Foam extrusion
- 12.3: Extruder operating points and effect of the blowing agent
- 12.4: Cooling strategies
- 12.5: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 13: Batch processing
- Abstract
- 13.1: Introduction
- 13.2: Principle of batch foaming
- 13.3: Batch foaming with thermosetting polymers
- 13.4: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14: Molding processes
- Abstract
- 14.1: Introduction
- 14.2: Foam injection molding technologies
- 14.3: Main process parameters
- 14.4: Machine elements for FIM
- 14.5: Foaming mechanism and cellular morphology in conventional and advanced FIM
- 14.6: Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 15: Ongoing research and future research challenges
- Abstract
- 15.1: Introduction
- 15.2: Coblowing agents
- 15.3: Polymeric systems
- 15.4: Advanced cellular morphologies
- 15.5: Foam technologies
- 15.6: Conclusions
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 484
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Volume: 9
- Published: November 6, 2021
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780444637246
- eBook ISBN: 9780444637369
EK
Erdogan Kiran
Dr. Erdogan Kiran is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Virginia Tech where he was the department head from 2000-2005. He received his B.Sc. degree from MIT, an M.Sc. from Cornell University, and a Ph.D. from Princeton University, all in chemical engineering. He is internationally recognized for his research which is at the crossroads of polymer science, supercritical fluid, and high pressure techniques. He is the founding editor and the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Supercritical Fluids. He is also the Editor of the Elsevier Book series on Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology.
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USAED
Ernesto Di Maio
Ernesto Di Maio is professor of Materials Science and Technology at the Dept. of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II, Italy. His research interests are within the fields of polymer processing, composites and the physical properties of polymer/blowing agent solutions. The main focus of the scientific activity is on polymeric foams, both thermoplastic and thermosetting, on their processing technologies and the process-structure relationship, with the aim of tailoring the density and the morphology of the foams to achieve high value-added products. He is author of 90 publications on peer reviewed international journals, of 12 book chapters and of 7 International patents.
Affiliations and expertise
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalySI
Salvatore Iannace
Salvatore Iannace is a senior scientist of the National Research Council of Italy. He is currently the Director of the Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC-CNR). His principal research interests lie in the fields of sustainable multicomponent and multi-scale foams. The main focus of the scientific activity is on the development of novel biobased materials used for thermoplastic and thermosetting composites and foams as well as on their manufacturing technologies. He chaired the international conferences on Biofoams in Italy since the first edition in 2007 and co-chaired the other editions in Canada and China. He has published ca. 150 papers in international refereed journals,1 book, 21 book chapters, 5 patents and delivered ca. 190 conference papers.
Affiliations and expertise
Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali - IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Naples, ItalyGM
Giuseppe Mensitieri
Giuseppe Mensitieri is Full Professor and Director of the Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering at the University of Naples Federico II°, Italy. He has more than 35 years of professional experience in Polymer Science and Technology with 160+ published papers. His research interests concern the general field of thermodynamics and structure-properties relationships of polymeric materials and their composites. The main focus of the scientific activity is on the theoretical and experimental aspects of sorption thermodynamics and mass transport of low molecular weight compounds in polymers, composites and organic/inorganic hybrids, on the interactional issues related to polymer mixtures and on the environmental resistance of polymer based materials. He is author of 140 publications on peer reviewed international journals, of 14 book chapters and of 6 International patents.
Affiliations and expertise
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale - DICMaPI, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyRead Foaming with Supercritical Fluids on ScienceDirect