Fluorescence Assay in Biology and Medicine

PrefaceChapter 1: Principles of Fluorescence I. General Remarks II. Structure and Fluorescence III. Delayed Fluorescence IV. Nonradiative Energy Transfer V. Quantum Yield and Lifetime of Fluorescence VI. Lifetime ofthe Excited State VII. Fluorescence Polarization ReferencesChapter 2: Phosphorimetry as a Means of Chemical Analysis I. General Remarks II. Comparison of Limiinescence Methods of Analysis III. Instrumentation and Methodology in Phosphorimetry IV. Applications of Phosphorimetry ReferencesChapter 3: Instrumentation I. Introductory Remarks II. Visual Detection III. Instrumental Detection IV. Filter Fluorometers V. Fluorescence Spectrometry VI. Microspectrofluorometers VII. Direct Measurement of Fluorescence Decay Times VIII. Quantum Yield IX. Fluorescence Polarization X. Chromatograms, Electrophoretograms, and Solids XI. Automation XII. Rapid Reactions ReferencesChapter 4: Practical Considerations I. General Remarks II. Cuvettes and Solvents ΙII. Problemsof Light Absorption IV. Light Scattering V. Photodecomposition VI. Instrumental Standardization and Calibration VII. Limits of Sensitivity ReferencesChapter 5: Amino Acids, Amines, and Their Metabolites I. General Methods II. Aromatic Amino Acids, General III. Phenylalanine and Metabolites IV. Tyrosine and Metabolites V. Tryptophan and Metabolites VI. Histidine and Histamine VII. Arginine VIII. Lysine IX. Sulfhydryl Compounds X. Acetylcholine XI. Urea XII. Spermine and Spermidine ReferencesChapter 6: Proteins and Peptides I. General Remarks II. Quantitative Assay III. Determination of Primary Structure IV. Structure and Conformation V. Specific Proteins ReferencesChapter 7: Immunology I. General Remarks II. Fluorescent Staining III. Chemical Studies of Antigens and Antibodies ReferencesChapter 8: Vitamins, Coenzymes, and Their Metabolites I. General Remarks II. Vitamin A III. Thiamine and Cocarboxylase IV. Riboflavin and Flavin Coenzymes V. Pyridine Nucleotides, Nicotinamide, and Their Metabolites VI. Pyridoxine and Its Congeners VII. Ascorbic Acid VIII. Vitamin D IX. Pteridines X. Vitamin B12 XI. Pantothenic Acid XII. Ubiquinone ReferencesChapter 9: Carbohydrates, Aldehydes, Ketones, and Lipids I. Carbohydrates II. Keto Acids and Krebs Cycle Compounds III. Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Ketones IV. Lipids ReferencesChapter 10: Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, Purines, and Pyrimidines I. General Remarks II. Pyrimidines and Their Nucleosides and Nucleotides III. Assay of Purines in Nucleic Acid Hydrolyzates IV. Nucleic Acids V. Nucleic Acid Assay ReferencesChapter 11: Porphyrins and Their Metabolites I. General Remarks II. Assay Procedures IIΙ. Theoretical Considerations ReferencesChapter 12: Fluorometric Assay of Enzyme Activity I. General Remarks II. Hydrolytic Enzymes III. Oxidative Enzymes IV. Transaminases V. Dehydrogenases VI. Phosphoglucoisomerase VII. Creatine Kinase VIII. Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase IX. Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase X. Chemiluminescence ReferencesChapter 13: Fluorescence as a Probe into Enzyme Mechanisms I. General Remarks II. Pyridine Nucleotide Enzymes III. Flavin Enzymes IV. Vitamin B6 Enzymes V. Proteases VI. Aryl Hydroxylase VII. Lysozyme VIII. Uridine Diphosphogalactose 4-Epimerase IX. Muramidase X. Interaction ofMyosin and ATP XI. Tyrosinase XII. Nucleases XIII. Carbonic Anhydrase ReferencesChapter 14: Steroids I. General Remarks II. Cholesterol III. Ovarian Hormones IV. Testosterone V. Adrenal Steroids VI. Bile Acids VII. Steroid Drugs ReferencesChapter 15: Plants I. Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis II. Alkaloids and Other Compounds in Plants ReferencesChapter 16: Inorganic Constituents I. General Remarks II. Magnesium III. Calcium IV. Zinc V. Aluminum VI. Selenium VII. Uranium VIII. Fluoride IX. Cyanide X. Ammonia XI. Hydrogen Peroxide XII. Ozone ReferencesChapter 17: Drugs and Toxic Agents I. General Remarks II. Chemotherapy of Infectious Diseases III. Carcinostatic Agents IV. Analgesics V. Sedatives and Tranquilizers VI. Antidepressants VII. Hallucinogenic Agents VIII. Parasympathetic Agents IX. Antihistamines X. Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System ReferencesChapter 18: Fluorescence as a Probe into Mechanisms in Intact Cells and Subcellular Elements I. General Remarks II. Membranes and Transport Mechanisms III. Oxidation-Reduction Mechanisms in Intact Cells and Subcellular Elements IV. Measurement of Enzymes in Cells V. Proteins VI. Nucleic Acids and Chromosomes VII. Localization and Identification of Substances in Tissue ReferencesChapter 19: Public Health and Law Enforcement I. General Remarks II. Air Pollution III. Food Inspection and Analysis IV. Sanitation V. Medical Diagnosis VI. Forensic Medicine, Chemistry, and Criminology ReferencesAppendix I: Proposal for Standardization of Methods of Reporting Fluorescence Emission Spectra TextAppendix II: Subcommittee on Fluorescence Spectroscopy Method of Test for Resolution and Wavelength Accuracy Method of Test for Linearity of Fluorescence Meters Method of Test for Minimum Detectable by Fluorescence Spectrometers—Quinine Sulfate Method of Test for Minimum Detectable by Fluorescence Spectrometers—CyclohexaneAppendix ΙII: Practical Aspects of the Calibration of a Fluorescence Spectrometer Text ReferencesAuthor IndexSubject Index