Fluid Mechanics

7th Edition - August 6, 2024
Authors: Pijush K. Kundu, Ira M. Cohen, David R Dowling, Jesse Capecelatro
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 8 0 7 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 9 8 0 8 - 7

The classic textbook from Pijush Kundu, Fluid Mechanics, has been once again revised and updated by Dr. David Dowling and Dr. Jesse Capecelatro to better illustrate this important… Read more

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The classic textbook from Pijush Kundu, Fluid Mechanics, has been once again revised and updated by Dr. David Dowling and Dr. Jesse Capecelatro to better illustrate this important subject for modern students. With expanded topics and concepts presented more clearly in a revised didactic sequence, Fluid Mechanics, Seventh Edition guides students from the fundamentals to the analysis and application of fluid mechanics, including turbulence, gravity waves, compressible flow and such diverse applications as aerodynamics and geophysical fluid mechanics. Its broad and deep coverage, provided by 15 Chapters, 4 Appendices, 144 examples, and 568 exercises, continues to be ideal for both a first or second course in fluid mechanics at the graduate or advanced undergraduate level, and is well-suited to the needs of modern scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and others seeking fluid mechanics knowledge.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
About the authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Nomenclature
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Fluid mechanics
1.2. Units of measurement
1.3. Solids, liquids, and gases
1.4. Continuum hypothesis
1.5. Molecular transport phenomena
1.6. Surface tension
1.7. Fluid statics
1.8. Classical thermodynamics
1.9. Perfect gas
1.10. Stability of stratified fluid media
1.11. Dimensional analysis
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 2: Cartesian tensors
2.1. Scalars, vectors, tensors, notation
2.2. Rotation of axes; formal definition of a vector
2.3. Multiplication of matrices
2.4. Second-order tensors
2.5. Contraction and multiplication
2.6. Force on a surface
2.7. Kronecker delta and alternating tensor
2.8. Vector dot and cross products
2.9. Gradient, divergence, and curl
2.10. Symmetric and antisymmetric tensors
2.11. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a symmetric tensor
2.12. Gauss' theorem
2.13. Stokes' theorem
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: Kinematics
3.1. Introduction and coordinate systems
3.2. Particle and field descriptions of fluid motion
3.3. Flow lines, fluid acceleration, and Galilean transformation
3.4. Strain and rotation rates
3.5. Kinematics of simple plane flows
3.6. Reynolds transport theorem
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 4: Conservation laws
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Conservation of mass
4.3. Stream functions
4.4. Conservation of momentum
4.5. Constitutive equation for a Newtonian fluid
4.6. Navier-Stokes momentum equation
4.7. Noninertial frame of reference
4.8. Conservation of energy
4.9. Special forms of the equations
4.10. Boundary conditions
4.11. Dimensionless forms of the equations and dynamic similarity
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 5: Vorticity dynamics
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Kelvin's and Helmholtz's theorems
5.3. Vorticity equation in an inertial frame of reference
5.4. Vorticity equation in a rotating frame of reference
5.5. Velocity induced by a vortex filament: law of Biot and Savart
5.6. Interaction of vortices
5.7. Vortex sheet
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Ideal flow
6.1. Relevance of irrotational constant-density flow theory
6.2. Two-dimensional stream function and velocity potential
6.3. Construction of elementary flows in two dimensions
6.4. Complex potential
6.5. Forces on a two-dimensional body
6.6. Conformal mapping
6.7. Numerical solution techniques in two dimensions
6.8. Axisymmetric ideal flow
6.9. Three-dimensional potential flow and apparent mass
6.10. Concluding remarks
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 7: Laminar flow
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Exact solutions for steady incompressible viscous flow
7.3. Elementary lubrication theory
7.4. Similarity solutions for unsteady incompressible viscous flow
7.5. Flows with oscillations
7.6. Low Reynolds number viscous flow past a sphere
7.7. Final remarks
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 8: Boundary layers and related topics
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Boundary-layer thickness definitions
8.3. Boundary layer on a flat plate: Blasius solution
8.4. Falkner-Skan similarity solutions of the laminar boundary-layer equations
8.5. von Karman momentum integral equation
8.6. Thwaites' method
8.7. Transition, pressure gradients, and boundary-layer separation
8.8. Flow past a circular cylinder
8.9. Flow past a sphere
8.10. Two-dimensional jets
8.11. Secondary flows
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 9: Instability
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Method of normal modes
9.3. Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
9.4. Rayleigh-Plateau instability
9.5. Thermal instability: the Bénard problem
9.6. Double-diffusive instability
9.7. Centrifugal instability: Taylor problem
9.8. Instability of continuously stratified parallel flows
9.9. Squire's theorem and the Orr-Sommerfeld equation
9.10. Inviscid stability of parallel flows
9.11. Results for parallel and nearly parallel viscous flows
9.12. Experimental verification of boundary-layer instability
9.13. Comments on nonlinear effects
9.14. Transition
9.15. Deterministic chaos
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 10: Turbulence
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Historical notes
10.3. Nomenclature and statistics for turbulent flow
10.4. Correlations and spectra
10.5. Averaged equations of motion
10.6. Homogeneous isotropic turbulence
10.7. Turbulent energy cascade and spectrum
10.8. Free turbulent shear flows
10.9. Wall-bounded turbulent shear flows
10.10. Turbulence modeling
10.11. Turbulence in a stratified medium
10.12. Taylor's theory of turbulent dispersion
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 11: Gravity waves
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Linear liquid-surface gravity waves
11.3. Influence of surface tension
11.4. Standing waves
11.5. Group velocity, energy flux, and dispersion
11.6. Nonlinear waves in shallow and deep water
11.7. Waves on a density interface
11.8. Internal waves in a continuously stratified fluid
Exercises
References
Chapter 12: Geophysical fluid dynamics
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Vertical variation of density in the atmosphere and ocean
12.3. Equations of motion for geophysical flows
12.4. Geostrophic flow
12.5. Ekman layers
12.6. Shallow-water equations
12.7. Normal modes in a continuously stratified layer
12.8. High- and low-frequency regimes in shallow-water equations
12.9. Gravity waves with rotation
12.10. Kelvin wave
12.11. Potential vorticity conservation in shallow-water theory
12.12. Internal waves
12.13. Rossby wave
12.14. Barotropic instability
12.15. Baroclinic instability
12.16. Geostrophic turbulence
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 13: Aerodynamics
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Aircraft terminology
13.3. Characteristics of airfoil sections
13.4. Conformal transformation for generating airfoil shapes
13.5. Lift of a Zhukhovsky airfoil
13.6. Elementary lifting line theory for wings of finite span
13.7. Lift and drag characteristics of airfoils
13.8. Propulsive mechanisms of fishes and birds
13.9. Sailing against the wind
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 14: Compressible flow
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Acoustics
14.3. One-dimensional steady isentropic compressible flow in variable-area ducts
14.4. Normal shock waves
14.5. Operation of nozzles at different back pressures
14.6. Effects of friction and heating in constant-area ducts
14.7. One-dimensional unsteady compressible flow in constant-area ducts
14.8. Two-dimensional steady compressible flow
14.9. Thin-airfoil theory in supersonic flow
Exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 15: Computational fluid dynamics
15.1. Introduction
15.2. The advection-diffusion equation
15.3. Incompressible flows in rectangular domains
15.4. Flow in complex domains
15.5. Velocity-pressure method for compressible flow
15.6. More to explore
Exercises
References
Further reading
Appendix A: Conversion factors, constants, and fluid properties
A.1. Conversion factors
A.2. Physical constants
A.3. Properties of pure water at atmospheric pressure
A.4. Properties of dry air at atmospheric pressure
A.5. Properties of standard atmosphere
Appendix B: Mathematical tools and resources
B.1. Partial and total differentiation
B.2. Changing independent variables
B.3. Basic vector calculus
B.4. The Dirac delta function
B.5. Common three-dimensional coordinate systems
B.6. Equations in curvilinear coordinates
Appendix C: Founders of modern fluid dynamics
Ludwig Prandtl (1875–1953)
Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (1886–1975)
Further reading
Appendix D: Visual resources
Index

Pijush K. Kundu

Formerly Nova University, USA

Affiliations and expertise

Nova University, U.S.A.(deceased)

Ira M. Cohen

Formerly University of Pennsylvania, USA.

Affiliations and expertise

University of Pennsylvania, USA (deceased)

David R Dowling

While in college, David R. Dowling held summer positions at Hughes Aircraft Co. and the Los Angeles Air Force Station. He completed his doctorate in 1988 at Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories of the California Institute of Technology and moved north to Seattle to accomodate his wife's career in medicine. While there, he worked for a year in the laser technology group at Boeing Aerospace, and then for almost three years as a post-doc at the Applied Physics Laboratory of the University of Washington. In 1992, he accepted a faculty position at the University of Michigan. Prof. Dowling is currently conducting research in acoustics and fluid mechanics. He is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and a member of the American Physical Society. He is a US citizen.

Positions at the University of Michigan :

Professor, Sept 2005 to Present

Associate Professor, Sept 1999 thru August 2005

Assistant Professor, Sept 1992 thru August 1999

Visiting Assistant Professor, July 1992 thru August 1992

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Jesse Capecelatro

Jesse Capecelatro was born in White Plains, New York. He earned a BS from the State University of New York Binghamton in 2009, a MS from the University of Colorado Boulder in 2011, and a MS and PhD from Cornell University in 2014, all in Mechanical Engineering. Shortly after that, he worked as a postdoc and research scientist at the Center for Exascale Simulation of Plasma-coupled Combustion (XPACC) at the University of Illinois. He joined the faculty in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan in 2016, where he has since taught and conducted research in fluid mechanics with an emphasis on computational methods, turbulence, and multiphase flow. He is a recipient of the National Science Foundation CAREER Award, Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, and the ASME Pi Tau Sigma Gold Medal Award.

Affiliations and expertise

Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Fluid Mechanics

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Pijush K. Kundu

Ira M. Cohen

David R Dowling

Jesse Capecelatro