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Finding the Nerve: The Story of Impedance Neurography discusses research that elucidates the nature of nerve simulation via externally applied electrical fields, and how it has le… Read more
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Immediately download your ebook while waiting for your print delivery. No promo code needed.
Finding the Nerve: The Story of Impedance Neurography discusses research that elucidates the nature of nerve simulation via externally applied electrical fields, and how it has led to an entirely new understanding of neuronal cell membrane biophysics and defined a novel nerve imaging technology. It details how these discoveries came about and the nature of research that derives from unexplained clinical observations. The primary technology, impedance neurography, is a wholly new way of nerve-specific visualization in 2-D or 3-D, with the ability to define both normal and abnormal functioning of nerves, heretofore unavailable from techniques such as MRI neurography.
This is of particular importance with respect to the obesity epidemic where physicians performing nerve-related procedures cannot use ultrasound visualization due to the depth limitations of that technology.
Preface
Introduction
1. Initial Impedance Neurography Findings: The TENS Technique and Nerve Stimulation Observations
Impedance Neurography Reveals Myofascial
Trigger Points
Confusing Results Regarding the Roles of Voltage and
Current in Effecting Action Potential Development
Getting Back to Current and Voltage Basics
Electric Fields in Non-Homogenous Material
Application of Electric Field Theory to Nerve Stimulation
Examples from the Clinical Realm
Stimulating Needles are Not Point Sources in Space
2. Skin Surface Impedance
The Nature of Skin Contact Systems
Skin Surface Contact Area
The Roles of
Contact Impedance and Skin Surface
Impedance Integration
Contact Impedance
Skin Surface Impedance Integration
A Final Observation for Consideration
3. The Varieties of Neuronal Cell Membrane Reactance: Nerves as RLC circuits
Electrical Modeling of Neuronal Cell Membranes
A Brief History of Electrotonics
Discordant Data Emerges
A Hard Lesson
Mystery solved: The Eureka Observation
The Nature of a Charged-DC Offset
Consequences of Applying a Periodic Waveform on a Constant Current Flow Caused by a c-DC Offset
Improvements to High Frequency Stimulation
Discriminating Neuronal Subpopulations
The Relationship of the Time Constant to the Apparent Impedance
Neuronal Membrane Electrical Circuit Characteristics and Anisotropicity
The Strength-Duration Relationship
Informed Nerve Stimulator Design
Extracting Tissue Time Constants
4. Anisotropicity
The Importance of Assumptions
A Revelation
Nerves Alone are Imaged
The Hierarchy of Nerve Structures Imaged
5. Depth Determination of Peripheral Nerves using Impedance Neurography
Electrode Separation Distance Considerations
Dimension Factors in Axon Impedance
Fusion Technologies
Acknowledgements
PC