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Feldman and Pike’s Vitamin D
Volume Two: Disease and Therapeutics
- 5th Edition - October 28, 2023
- Editors: Martin Hewison, Roger Bouillon, Edward Giovannucci, David Goltzman, Mark Meyer B., JoEllen Welsh
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 3 3 8 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 1 3 3 9 - 3
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem linked to numerous diseases affecting men, women, and children of all ages. Enormous progress in the study of vitamin D has been made si… Read more
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Request a sales quoteVitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem linked to numerous diseases affecting men, women, and children of all ages. Enormous progress in the study of vitamin D has been made since the first edition of this highly-acclaimed book was published nearly 20 years ago, and current research continues to draw headlines. Feldman and Pike’s Vitamin D, Fifth Edition continues to build on the successful formula from previous editions, taking the reader from the basic elements of fundamental research to the most sophisticated concepts in therapeutics. The two comprehensive volumes provide investigators, clinicians, and students with a comprehensive, definitive, and up-to-date compendium of the diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, where each area is covered by both basic and clinical experts in the field.
In Volume I: Biochemistry, Physiology and Diagnostics, international experts in endocrinology, bone biology, and human physiology take readers through the basic research of vitamin D. This impressive reference presents a comprehensive review of the multi-faceted actions of vitamin D relating both to skeletal and extra-skeletal action. Researchers from all areas of vitamin D will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle and will, therefore, be able to develop more targeted genomic and proteomic insights into the mechanisms of disease.
Volume II: Health, Disease and Therapy authoritatively covers the evidence for new roles of vitamin D, ranging from organ transplantation to cancer, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and renal disease. The coverage is appropriately broad, drawing on aspects of internal medicine, pediatrics, nutrition, orthopedics, oncology, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, and immunology, as well as, new areas for vitamin D including sports medicine, opthalmology, veterinary medicine and ICU care – including COVID-19. Clinical researchers will gain a strong understanding of the molecular basis for a particular disease and better understand future directions for research in this still-growing field.
- A comprehensive reference ranging from basic biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology principles to the clinical diagnostic and management implications of vitamin D
- Saves researchers and clinicians time in quickly accessing the very latest details on the diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles
- Chapters written by the most prominent and well-published names in the field
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- In memoriam
- Preface to the fifth edition
- List of abbreviations
- Relevant lab values in adults and children
- Chapter 51. Defining thresholds for vitamin D I: scientific rationale for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D cutoffs of 25 and 50nmol/L
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Justification for serum 25(OH)D concentration >25nmol/L
- 3. Justification for serum 25(OH)D concentration >50nmol/L
- 4. Issues with reaching 25(OH)D thresholds for specific groups
- 5. Other issues surrounding definition of thresholds for vitamin D
- 6. Conclusion
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 52. Defining thresholds for vitamin D II
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Human biology
- 3. Nutrition clinical trials cannot match the quality of evidence achieved with drugs
- 4. Cancer
- 5. Mortality
- 6. Cardiovascular
- 7. Toxicity
- 8. Multiple sclerosis
- 9. COVID-19
- 10. Conclusion
- 11. Summary points
- Chapter 53. Methods of evaluating population studies of vitamin D: strengths and weaknesses
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Methods of assessing vitamin D status
- 3. Main challenges in the epidemiologic study of vitamin D and disease
- 4. Summary of study designs of vitamin D
- 5. Conclusions
- 6. Summary points
- Chapter 54. Worldwide vitamin D status
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Assessment of vitamin D status
- 3. Study selection
- 4. Multicenter and global studies using a central laboratory facility
- 5. Ethnicity/migration
- 6. Nutrition
- 7. Risk groups
- 8. Trends in vitamin D status
- 9. Implications
- 10. Conclusions
- 11. Summary points
- Chapter 55. Vitamin D in food—Compounds, stability, sources
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Chemical structure of vitamin D vitamers
- 3. Stability of vitamin D
- 4. Analytical methodology
- 5. Vitamin D in food
- 6. Conclusion
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 56. Determinants of vitamin D levels from sun exposure: a global perspective
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D production from solar UVB exposure
- 3. Factors affecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
- 4. Endogenous characteristics
- 5. Behavioral determinants
- 6. Predicting vitamin D deficiency
- 7. Nonvitamin D benefits from solar UV exposure
- 8. Conclusion
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 57. Vitamin D supplement use as a public health strategy to augment diet and sustain population adequacy
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Thresholds for 25(OH)D
- 3. Country-level guidelines for supplements use
- 4. Supplement use improves vitamin D status: Canada as a case study
- 5. Characteristics of vitamin D supplement users
- 6. Considerations when choosing to take a vitamin D supplement
- 7. Safety of vitamin D supplements
- 8. Guidance is needed for use of vitamin D supplements
- 9. Conclusion
- 10. Summary points
- Chapter 58. Vitamin D and food fortification
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Current intakes of vitamin D in young and adult populations in North America and Europe and how these compare against dietary targets
- 3. Dietary strategies for increasing vitamin D intake: bridging the gap by food fortification
- 4. Consideration of other vitamin D–fortified foods
- 5. Vitamin D–biofortified foods
- 6. Safety considerations and prerequisite data required prior to initiating public health measures
- 7. Conclusions
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 59. Bariatric surgery, vitamin D, and bone loss
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Skeletal effects of bariatric surgery
- 3. Potential mechanisms of bone loss
- 4. Prevention and treatment of skeletal effects
- 5. Summary points
- Chapter 60. Genetic determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations
- 1. Introduction
- 2. 25(OH)D synthesis and metabolism
- 3. Heritability of serum 25(OH)D levels
- 4. Genome-wide association studies of 25(OH)D
- 5. Variants with evidence for replicated association with 25(OH)D
- 6. Gene–environment interaction
- 7. Applications and practical implications
- 8. Conclusions
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 61. Effect of vitamin D on health and disease: evidence from Mendelian randomization
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Type 2 diabetes
- 3. Risk of cancers
- 4. Risk of cardiovascular events
- 5. Hypertension
- 6. Musculoskeletal outcomes
- 7. Lung function and respiratory conditions
- 8. Immune disorders
- 9. Pregnancy-related outcomes
- 10. Neuropsychiatric outcomes
- 11. COVID-19
- 12. Mortality risk and aging
- 13. Other outcomes
- 14. Nonlinear MR studies
- 15. Conclusion
- 16. Summary points
- Chapter 62. Growth plate histology, bone histomorphometry, and radiologic features of nutritional rickets and osteomalacia
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Terminology related to bone formation and mineralization
- 3. The growth plate
- 4. Mineralization
- 5. Bone histomorphometry in osteomalacia
- 6. Bone mineral density distribution in osteomalacia
- 7. Radiological features of rickets and osteomalacia
- 8. Radiographic differences between various forms of rickets
- 9. Imaging choice in rickets and osteomalacia
- 10. Conclusion
- 11. Summary points
- Chapter 63. Vitamin D deficiency and nutritional rickets in infants and children
- Index terms
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Historical perspective
- 3. The epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency and nutritional rickets
- 4. Clinical presentation
- 5. Biochemical abnormalities
- 6. Biomarkers of active rickets
- 7. Radiologic changes
- 8. The growth plate in rickets
- 9. Treatment
- 10. Prevention
- 11. Dietary calcium deficiency
- 12. Rickets of prematurity or metabolic bone disease of prematurity
- 13. The pathogenetic spectrum of nutritional rickets
- 14. Conclusion
- Chapter 64. Clinical disorders of phosphate homeostasis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Phosphate homeostasis
- 3. Disorders of phosphate homeostasis
- 4. Conclusion
- 5. Summary points
- Chapter 65. The hypocalcemic disorders
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Physiology of hypocalcemia
- 3. Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia
- 4. Differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia
- 5. Parathyroid hormone–independent hypocalcemia
- 6. Genetic forms of vitamin D–dependent rickets
- 7. Dietary calcium deficiency
- 8. Hyperphosphatemia-mediated hypocalcemia
- 9. Hypocalcemia due to accelerated skeletal mineralization
- 10. Medical illness
- 11. Treatment of hypocalcemia
- 12. Conclusion
- 13. Summary points
- Chapter 66. Vitamin D hydroxylation–deficient rickets, type 1A
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Clinical manifestations
- 3. Biochemical findings
- 4. Genetic and molecular studies
- 5. Treatment of VDDR1A
- 6. Evolution of VDDR1A under treatment from childhood to adulthood
- 7. Conclusion
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 67. The role of genetic variation in CYP2R1, the principal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase, and CYP3A4 in vitamin D homeostasis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. CYP2R1 is the principal human vitamin D 25-hydroxylase
- 3. CYP2R1 and vitamin D–dependent rickets
- 4. CYP3A4 and vitamin D–dependent rickets
- 5. In vitro and in silico analyses of CYP2R1 function
- 6. Associations between CYP2R1 variants and disease
- 7. Regulation of CYP2R1 in health and disease
- 8. Conclusion
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 68. Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistant rickets (VDDR-2A)
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Clinical features
- 3. Mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D action relevant to HVDRR(VDDR-2A)
- 4. Cellular basis of HVDRR (VDDR-2A)
- 5. Mutations that cause HVDRR (VDDR-2A)
- 6. Therapy of HVDRR (VDDR-2) patients
- 7. Hypothesis regarding the mechanism for spontaneous healing: outgrowing the need for substantial calcium supplementation in many HVDRR patients after puberty
- 8. Alopecia
- 9. Extra-skeletal actions of vitamin D in HVDRR (VDDR-2A) patients
- 10. Conclusions
- 11. Summary points
- Chapter 69. Infantile hypercalcemia and CYP24A1 mutations
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Historical notes
- 3. The genetic basis of the disease: molecular genetics of CYP24A1 mutations
- 4. The pathophysiology of the disease: mutated CYP24A1 in the vitamin D metabolism
- 5. Clinical features
- 6. Diagnosis
- 7. Therapy
- 8. Conclusion
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 70. Vitamin D and osteoporosis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Effects of vitamin D on the skeleton
- 3. The role of vitamin D genetic factors in osteoporosis and possible interactions with vitamin D therapy
- 4. Seasonal variation in vitamin D status
- 5. Determining optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations for musculoskeletal health
- 6. Effects of vitamin D alone or calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density and falls
- 7. Primary fracture prevention with vitamin D or calcium and vitamin D
- 8. Metaanalyses
- 9. Safety
- 10. Effects of active vitamin D analogs on fractures
- 11. Large randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation
- 12. Mendelian randomization studies
- 13. Conclusions and future directions
- 14. Summary points
- Chapter 71. Adult vitamin D deficiency—fracture and fall prevention: findings from randomized controlled trials
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D and falls
- 3. Vitamin D and fracture risk
- 4. Conclusions
- 5. Summary points
- Chapter 72. Randomized clinical trials of vitamin D and bone health
- 1. Introduction: clinical and public health importance
- 2. Findings from systematic reviews and metaanalyses
- 3. Current recommended intakes based on bone health goals
- 4. RCTs of effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone density
- 5. RCTs of effects of vitamin D supplementation on fracture risk
- 6. Implications for clinical practice
- 7. Conclusion
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 73. Calcifediol as a therapeutic
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Treatment of vitamin D insufficiency with calcifediol
- 3. Calcifediol treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic kidney disease
- 4. Calcifediol treatment of microbial disease to boost the human innate and adaptive immune responses
- 5. Conclusion
- 6. Summary points
- Chapter 74. Vitamin D and organ transplantation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Effects of vitamin D on immunity and graft rejection
- 3. Vitamin D deficiency prior to organ transplant
- 4. Vitamin D deficiency following organ transplant
- 5. Treatment of posttransplant bone loss with vitamin D and analogs
- 6. Conclusions
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 75. Vitamin D, obesity, the metabolic syndrome and its sequelae
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Adipose tissue as a vitamin D reserve
- 3. Obesity and vitamin D deficiency
- 4. Obesity, DBP, and “free” vitamin D concentrations
- 5. The effect of weight loss on serum 25(OH)D concentrations
- 6. Can vitamin D supplementation prevent, or reduce, obesity?
- 7. Obesity and the efficacy of oral vitamin D supplementation
- 8. Brown adipose tissue, obesity, and vitamin D
- 9. Obesity, vitamin D, and metabolic syndrome
- 10. Importance of early-life vitamin D status for later obesity and subsequent risks of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease
- 11. Obesity, vitamin D, and cancer
- 12. Obesity, COVID-19, and vitamin D
- 13. Conclusions
- 14. Summary points
- Chapter 76. The role of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Epidemiology and burden of type 2 diabetes
- 3. Biologic plausibility of the link between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes
- 4. Observational studies on vitamin D and type 2 diabetes
- 5. Vitamin D supplementation in people with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes
- 6. Vitamin D for prevention of type 2 diabetes in people with prediabetes
- 7. Optimizing blood 25(OH)D levels and the concept of “treat-to-target”
- 8. Effect modification of vitamin D supplementation by BMI
- 9. Safety of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of type 2 diabetes
- 10. Conclusions
- 11. Summary points
- Chapter 77. Liver metabolism and disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D/VDR signaling and antiinflammatory responses in the liver
- 3. Vitamin D/VDR signaling in liver fibrosis and NASH
- 4. Conclusions
- 5. Summary points
- Chapter 78. Vitamin D, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D metabolism and regulation with special reference to cardiovascular disease
- 3. Vitamin D effects on cardiovascular cells
- 4. Vitamin D effects in experimental animals
- 5. Rickets, osteomalacia, and cardiovascular disease
- 6. Vitamin D status and cardiovascular outcomes in observational studies
- 7. Genetic studies on vitamin D and cardiovascular outcomes
- 8. Vitamin D supplementation studies
- 9. Cardiovascular events in large vitamin D supplementation trials in general populations
- 10. Vitamin D in end-stage organ failure
- 11. Adverse vitamin D effects on the cardiovascular system
- 12. Conclusion
- 13. Summary points
- Chapter 79. Vitamin D and renal disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Renal regulation of the vitamin D endocrine system
- 3. Alterations in vitamin D bioactivation to 25(OH)D in chronic kidney disease
- 4. Alterations in renal 1,25(OH)2D synthesis and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D catabolism in chronic kidney disease
- 5. Alterations in 1,25(OH)2D production by extrarenal 1α-Hydroxylases in chronic kidney disease
- 6. Alterations in 1,25(OH)2D/VDR endocrine and autocrine/paracrine actions in CKD
- 7. Vitamin D control of secondary hyperparathyroidism
- 8. Vitamin D control of skeletal health in CKD unrelated to the attenuation of secondary hyperparathyroidism
- 9. Vitamin D maintenance of renal FGF23/klotho axis: relevance for renal and cardiovascular protection
- 10. Vitamin D control of hypertension and systemic inflammation conferring renal and cardiovascular protection independently of renal or systemic klotho levels
- 11. Progress to improve current recommendations for the evaluation of vitamin D status and for the design of safe and effective vitamin D interventions
- 12. Summary points
- Chapter 80. Vitamin D and kidney stones
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Calcium kidney stones
- 3. Vitamin D metabolism
- 4. Idiopathic hypercalciuria
- 5. Vitamin D supplementation and kidney stone risk
- 6. Conclusions
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 81. Hypercalcemia due to vitamin D toxicity
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Forms of exogenous vitamin D toxicity
- 3. Forms of endogenous Vitamin D toxicity
- 4. Mechanisms of vitamin D toxicity
- 5. Clinical manifestations of vitamin D toxicity
- 6. Conclusions
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 82. Vitamin D and Paget's disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on osteoclast formation
- 3. Increased levels of TAF12 in osteoclast precursors from Paget's disease patients contribute to their hyperresponsivity to 1,25(OH)2D3
- 4. Mechanism of action of TAF12 in the increased 1,25(OH)2D3 responsivity of OCL precursors from Paget's patients
- 5. Marrow stromal cells derived from P62P394L knock-in mice and P62P392L Paget's patients are hyperresponsive to 1,25(OH)2D3 and display enhanced RANKL production in response to 1,25(OH)2D3
- 6. Deleting TAF12 in mouse OCLs inhibits bone destruction and bone-remodeling
- 7. Serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 in Paget's patients
- 8. Conclusions
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 83. Vitamin D metabolism and disorders in companion animals
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Dog
- 3. Cat
- 4. Conclusions and future directions
- 5. Summary points
- Chapter 84. Overview of vitamin D actions in cancer
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D and cancer
- 3. Vitamin D effects on tumor cells
- 4. Combination therapy
- 5. Resistance and vitamin D metabolism
- 6. Stimulation of proliferation
- 7. Conclusions
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 85. Vitamin D status and cancer incidence, mortality, and prognosis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Cancer incidence
- 3. Cancer mortality and survival
- 4. Genetic variation and gene expression in the vitamin D pathway
- 5. Conclusions
- 6. Summary points
- Chapter 86. Antiproliferative and immunoregulatory actions of vitamin D derivatives on hematological malignancies: control of differentiation, proliferation, and cell death
- 1. Differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells by vitamin D derivatives
- 2. Signaling and execution of monocytic differentiation induced by VDDs
- 3. Transcription factors in VDD-induced differentiation
- 4. Effects of VDDs on the cell cycle and proliferation of human leukemia cells
- 5. Effects of VDDs on cell survival and cell death
- 6. Effects of VDDs on lymphoid lineage cells and immunity
- 7. Clinical applications of VDD actions against hematopoietic malignancies
- 8. Significance of basic and clinical studies of VDDs inhematopoietic malignancies: from bench to bedside
- 9. Conclusions
- 10. Summary points
- Chapter 87. Vitamin D, inflammation, and cancer
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D and the vitamin D system
- 3. Inflammation
- 4. Inflammation-associated cancer
- 5. Conclusions
- 6. Summary points
- Chapter 88. Vitamin D actions in mammary gland and breast cancer
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Observational and interventional studies on vitamin D and breast cancer
- 3. Expression and function of the vitamin D pathway in normal and neoplastic breast cells/tissues
- 4. Impact of vitamin D signaling in animal models of breast cancer
- 5. Genomic profiling of VDR agonists in breast cancer model systems
- 6. Mechanistic insight into vitamin D actions in breast cancer
- 7. Conclusion
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 89. Vitamin D and colorectal cancer
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Human observational and intervention studies
- 3. Expression of vitamin D hydroxylases and the vitamin D receptor in colorectal cancer
- 4. Mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)2D3 in colorectal cancer
- 5. Animal models
- 6. Conclusion
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 90. Vitamin D in the management of lung cancer: influence of tumor stage, tumor genotype, and treatment modality
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D may have tumor cell intrinsic and tumor cell extrinsic activities in lung cancer
- 3. The role of vitamin D in the chemoprevention of non–small-cell lung cancer
- 4. The role of vitamin D in management of early-stage lung cancer
- 5. The role of vitamin D in the management of advanced lung cancer
- 6. Strategies to maximize vitamin D signaling in lung cancer
- 7. Conclusions
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 91. Vitamin D and prostate cancer
- 1. Introduction: prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease
- 2. Epidemiologic associations between prostate cancer and vitamin D metabolites
- 3. The rationale to treat prostate cancer by targeting the VDR
- 4. High-dimensional data approaches to understanding VDR functions in the prostate
- 5. Lessons from PCa clinical trials with vitamin D compounds
- 6. Conclusion
- 7. Summary points
- Chapter 92. Vitamin D and pancreatic cancer
- 1. Pancreatic cancer: an overview
- 2. Pancreatic cancer and vitamin D: epidemiological studies
- 3. The biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer
- 4. The biology of vitamin D in pancreatic cancer: experimental studies
- 5. Vitamin D and prognosis in patients with PC
- 6. Vitamin D intervention studies in patients with PC
- 7. Conclusions
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 93. Sunlight, skin cancer and vitamin D
- 1. Introduction
- 2. UV-induced DNA damage, repair, and immune suppression
- 3. The vitamin D system and skin cancers
- 4. Mechanisms of protection from UV-induced skin tumors
- 5. Conclusions
- 6. Summary points
- Chapter 94. Vitamin D and antibacterial immunity
- 1. Introduction
- 2. 1,25(OH)2D, barrier integrity, and complement activation
- 3. 1,25(OH)2D induces antimicrobial peptides implicated in antibacterial immunity
- 4. 1,25(OH)2D and autophagy
- 5. 1,25(OH)2D promotes expression of pattern recognition receptors and cytokines
- 6. 1,25(OH)2D regulates release of reactive oxygen species
- 7. Evolutionary aspects of 1,25(OH)2D induction of AMPs and PRRs
- 8. 1,25(OH)2D and neutrophils
- 9. 1,25(OH)2D and natural killer cells
- 10. 1,25(OH)2D and nonclassical immune cells
- 11. In vivo evidence for 1,25(OH)2D regulation of antibacterial innate immunity
- 12. Conclusion
- 13. Summary points
- Chapter 95. Vitamin D and antiviral immunity
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Association between vitamin D insufficiency and viral disease in epidemiological and interventional studies
- 3. Immunological mechanisms of viral control
- 4. Vitamin D and immunomodulation
- 5. Innate immune sensing of viruses and 1,25(OH)2D
- 6. Antimicrobial peptides in antiviral immunity and 1,25(OH)2D
- 7. Antiviral cytokine and chemokine responses and 1,25(OH)2D
- 8. Natural killer cell responses and 1,25(OH)2D
- 9. Antiviral CD4 T cell immunity and 1,25(OH)2D
- 10. Antiviral CD8 T cell immunity and 1,25(OH)2D
- 11. B cell responses to viruses and 1,25(OH)2D
- 12. Conclusions
- 13. Summary points
- Chapter 96. Vitamin D and adaptive immunity in health and disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Epidemiological and other evidence supporting a role of vitamin D in immune disease
- 3. Translational studies as a window to study effects of vitamin D on adaptive immunology
- 4. Actions of vitamin D on proinflammatory T lymphocyte responses
- 5. Naïve T cells
- 6. Effects of vitamin D on CD4+ T cell subsets
- 7. γδ T cells
- 8. CD8+ T cells
- 9. Actions of vitamin D on regulatory T lymphocyte responses
- 10. Actions of vitamin D on B lymphocytes
- 11. Actions of vitamin D on the immune microenvironment and the function of APCs
- 12. Effects of vitamin D upon immunometabolism in APC and T cells
- 13. Translational aspects of vitamin D regulation of adaptive immunity—vitamin D and vaccine responses
- 14. Disparity between association, translational, and clinical studies
- 15. Protection from exacerbation of airway disease by vitamin D
- 16. UVB and vitamin D at the skin—how does this compare with oral supplementation
- 17. Conclusions
- 18. Summary points
- Chapter 97. Vitamin D, microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. What is inflammatory bowel disease?
- 3. Who gets inflammatory bowel disease?
- 4. The immune system and inflammatory bowel disease
- 5. Experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease
- 6. Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease
- 7. Vitamin D as a treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease
- 8. Conclusions
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 98. Vitamin D and tuberculosis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The immune response in tuberculosis
- 3. Influence of vitamin D on the immune response to MTB
- 4. Historical studies
- 5. Studies with MTB infection as an end point
- 6. Studies with active TB disease as end point
- 7. Studies of treatment outcome
- 8. Conclusions
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 99. The role of vitamin D in COVID-19
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D and immunity and inflammation: relevance to COVID-19 infection
- 3. Vitamin D and respiratory tract infections
- 4. Vitamin D and COVID-19: geographical latitude and UV radiation
- 5. Vitamin D and COVID-19: community observational studies
- 6. Vitamin D and COVID-19: hospital observational studies
- 7. Vitamin D and COVID-19: effects of polymorphisms in VDR and vitamin D–binding protein genes
- 8. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response
- 9. Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19
- 10. Current guidance of COVID-19 and vitamin D and future research
- 11. Conclusions
- 12. Summary points
- Chapter 100. Vitamin D and type 1 diabetes
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on type 1 diabetes presentation
- 3. Relation between vitamin D–related genes and the genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes
- 4. Vitamin D and the beta cell
- 5. Vitamin D as an immune modulator in type 1 diabetes
- 6. Interventions using vitamin D to prevent or arrest type 1 diabetes
- 7. Immune effects of interventions with vitamin D in type 1 diabetes
- 8. Vitamin D analogs and type 1 diabetes
- 9. Vitamin D in combination therapy to prevent or arrest type 1 diabetes
- 10. Conclusion
- 11. Summary points
- Chapter 101. Vitamin D mechanisms of protection in multiple sclerosis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Vitamin D and MS genetics
- 3. MS sexual dimorphism
- 4. CD4+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells and hormonal regulation of FOXP3
- 5. Interplay between vitamin D and CD4+ type 1 regulatory T cells in MS
- 6. Oligodendrocytes, DNA methylation, and the methionine cycle
- 7. Some reflections on vitamin D3 supplementation trials in MS
- 8. Conclusion
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 102. Vitamin D and the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Descriptive epidemiology
- 3. Vitamin D and MS—historical perspective
- 4. Vitamin D and risk of MS
- 5. Vitamin D, race, and MS risk
- 6. Vitamin D and MS disease activity and progression
- 7. Pediatric onset MS
- 8. Conclusion
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 103. Vitamin D and rheumatoid arthritis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Antiinflammatory effects of vitamin D
- 3. Vitamin D and mouse models of RA
- 4. Vitamin D deficiency and RA disease risk, severity, and progression
- 5. Genetic variation in the vitamin D system and RA
- 6. Effects of supplementary vitamin D on RA
- 7. Conclusions
- 8. Summary points
- Chapter 104. Psoriasis and other skin disorders
- 1. Introduction/historical overview
- 2. Pathogenesis of psoriasis
- 3. The vitamin D system in normal and psoriatic skin
- 4. Physiological and pharmacological actions of vitamin D analogs in normal and psoriatic skin
- 5. Clinical use of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs in psoriasis and other skin diseases
- 6. Vitamin D in prevention and therapy of other skin diseases
- 7. Evaluation of new vitamin D analogs, with less calcemic activity, which can be used for the treatment of hyperproliferative skin disorders
- 8. Conclusion
- 9. Summary points
- Chapter 105. Vitamin D, acute respiratory infection, and Asthma/COPD
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Common respiratory disorders
- 3. Vitamin D and lung development
- 4. Vitamin D and acute respiratory infection
- 5. Vitamin D and asthma
- 6. Vitamin D and Copd
- 7. Potential mechanisms
- 8. Future research
- 9. Conclusion
- 10. Summary points
- Chapter 106. Vitamin D and acute illness
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the critically ill patient
- 3. Vitamin D deficiency risk factors in the critically ill
- 4. Vitamin D mechanisms in critical illness
- 5. Vitamin D and critical care patients
- 6. Conclusions
- 7. Summary points
- Index for Volume 2
- No. of pages: 1382
- Language: English
- Edition: 5
- Published: October 28, 2023
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323913386
- eBook ISBN: 9780323913393
MH
Martin Hewison
RB
Roger Bouillon
EG
Edward Giovannucci
DG
David Goltzman
MM
Mark Meyer B.
JW