Febrile Seizures
New Concepts and Consequences
- 2nd Edition - September 20, 2022
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editors: Tallie Z. Baram, Shlomo Shinnar, Carl E. Stafstrom
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 9 9 3 2 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 1 8 - 8
Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in infants and children worldwide, This fact provides strong impetus to study and understand them and their consequences, and co… Read more
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Request a sales quoteFebrile seizures are the most common seizures in infants and children worldwide, This fact provides strong impetus to study and understand them and their consequences, and consider their treatment. These topics were the focus of the first edition of this book.
The 20 years since the publication of this first edition have witnessed an explosion of new information about febrile seizures, meriting this new edition. Key advances have been made in the genetics and neurobiological underpinnings of febrile seizures and especially the very long fever-related seizures called febrile status epilepticus. The role of neuroinflammatory factors in the emergence of these seizures and their consequences, the demonstration of unique clinical and neuroradiological aspects of febrile status epilepticus, and the prospect of predictive (bio)markers to identify and characterize cognitive and epilepsy outcomes are exciting and important. In this edition, the authors and editors tackle these developments in chapters addressing the questions of parents, physicians, allied health care professionals and basic and translational scientists.
- Reviews all aspects of febrile seizures, including epidemiology, neurobiology and treatment
- Discusses novel and newly discovered information based on up-to the minute methods
- Provides an engaging style that is accessible to clinicians, researchers and educated parents
Neurologists, epileptologists and neuroscience researchers
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Part I: Epidemiology of febrile seizures
- Chapter 1: The incidence and prevalence of febrile seizures and febrile status epilepticus
- Abstract
- Introduction
- What is a febrile seizure?
- Determining febrile seizure incidence and prevalence
- How common are febrile seizures?
- Why do we need epidemiological data?
- References
- Part II: Genetic and acquired syndromes associated with febrile seizures
- Chapter 2: The evolving genetic landscape of febrile seizures and GEFS +
- Abstract
- Background
- Genetic approaches used to study the genetics of GEFS +
- Genetic testing in the clinical setting
- Summary and future directions
- References
- Chapter 3: SCN1A and Dravet syndrome
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Nav1.1 channel dysfunction in DS
- Circuit-level mechanisms of Dravet syndrome
- Beyond seizures: Broader aspects of the Dravet syndrome phenotype
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 4: Ion channels and febrile seizures: It’s not just SCN1A
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Ion channel genes with a strong association with FS
- Ion channel genes with a weak association with FS
- Genes other than ion channel genes that modulate neuronal excitability
- Potential pathological mechanisms underlying FS
- References
- Part III: Febrile status epilepticus
- Chapter 5: Neuroimmunologic aspects of febrile status epilepticus
- Abstract
- Neuroinflammation, FSE, and epilepsy
- IL-1R/toll-like receptor signaling
- Animal models of FSE and the IL-1ß system
- Genetic studies supporting the role of inflammation in FSE
- Cytokines associated with febrile seizures and FSE in humans
- Cytokines as biomarkers of acute hippocampal injury following FSE and epileptogenesis
- References
- Chapter 6: Febrile status epilepticus and its consequences: Insights from the “Consequences of Febrile Status Epilepticus in Childhood” (FEBSTAT) study
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The FEBSTAT study
- The semiology and duration of FSE
- FSE and specific organisms
- FSE and cognitive outcomes
- FSE and risk for subsequent febrile seizures and a second FSE
- FSE and the development of epilepsy: potential predictive markers
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 7: The role of febrile seizures in directing surgical therapies for temporal lobe epilepsy
- Abstract
- How has epilepsy surgery contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms of febrile seizures and their links with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis?
- An introduction to epilepsy surgery
- Does a history of febrile seizures have any bearing on surgical outcome?
- Surgical treatment for MTS
- How should we address the gaps in the literature?
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 8: Cognitive outcomes of febrile status epilepticus
- Abstract
- Early development and overall functioning
- Memory
- Language
- Visuospatial
- Attention, working memory, and executive functioning
- Achievement and school outcomes
- Summary
- References
- Part IV: The neurobiology of FS and FSE: Experimental approaches
- Chapter 9: Why do febrile seizures involve specifically the developing brain?
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Possible mechanisms of febrile seizure
- Developmental factors of increased susceptibility to febrile seizures
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 10: Contributions of cytokines to febrile seizures
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Fever and hyperthermia
- What are cytokines?
- Animal models of febrile seizures
- Evidence for brain cytokine involvement in rodent febrile seizure models
- Evidence for brain cytokine involvement in febrile seizures in children
- Cellular mechanisms underlying cytokine action in the brain
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 11: Experimental models of febrile seizures and febrile status epilepticus
- Abstract
- The need for animal models: They provide causality and mechanisms
- Considerations and choices of animal models
- Genetic animal models of febrile seizures and related syndromes
- Models of simple FS, recurrent FS, FSE, and epileptogenesis
- Modes and models for generating experimental FS and FSE
- What have the models taught us? What can they not teach us?
- References
- Part V: The neurobiology of FSE-induced epilepsy and cognitive deficits: Experimental approaches
- Chapter 12: Febrile status epilepticus-related epilepsy: Neuroinflammation and epigenetics
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction: The complex origins of febrile status epilepticus (FSE)
- Does FSE lead to epilepsy or adverse cognitive outcomes?
- Neuroinflammation is inherent in the generation of fever and febrile seizures
- Neuroinflammation is key to the impact of FSE on brain function and hyperexcitability
- Several major inflammatory signaling cascades are implicated in epileptogenesis that may follow FSE
- microRNAs: A link between neuroinflammation and epigenetics
- Neuroinflammatory processes as therapeutic targets for prevention of FSE-related epileptogenesis
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 13: MicroRNAs and epigenetic processes in FSE-provoked epilepsy
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Epigenetic regulation of brain development
- Prolonged febrile seizures and epigenetics
- Basic mechanisms of microRNAs
- microRNAs as regulators of the developing brain
- MicroRNAs and FS
- MicroRNA as biomarkers of epileptogenesis
- Targeting microRNA and epigenetic factors to prevent epileptogenesis
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 14: From prolonged febrile seizures to epilepsy: Potential contribution of HCN channels
- Abstract
- HCN channels and epilepsy: Experimental evidence
- HCN channels and epilepsy: Clinical data in patients
- HCN channels and prolonged febrile seizures: Specifics of the developing brain
- References
- Chapter 15: Cognitive consequences of experimental febrile status epilepticus
- Abstract
- Acknowledgements
- Conflicts of interest
- Introduction
- Spatial cognition and development
- Measuring cognition after eFSE
- Hippocampal temporal discoordination is induced by eFSE
- Biomarkers and potential therapeutic interventions for impaired cognition after FSE
- Hyperthermia model of frequent repetitive FS
- Future directions
- References
- Part VI: Clinical and translational implications of FSE
- Chapter 16: MRI for assessing the impact of febrile status epilepticus and predicting outcomes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Acute MRI changes following FSE
- Trajectories of MRI changes over time
- Relationships between MRI abnormalities and cognition
- MRI changes and later development of epilepsy
- Significance of these studies for the understanding of FSE and hippocampal injury
- Implications for management of FSE
- References
- Chapter 17: EEG for assessing the impact of febrile status epilepticus and predicting outcomes
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Prior information regarding the role of EEG in assessing the impact of FSE
- Acute EEG findings in FEBSTAT
- Additional literature
- Can acute EEG findings predict long-term outcomes including the development of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy?
- Conclusions
- References
- Part VII: Management of febrile seizures and FSE: Past, present, and future
- Chapter 18: Evaluation and practical management: Approach to simple and complex febrile seizures
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Diagnostic evaluation
- Acute Treatment
- Prophylaxis
- Immunizations
- Supportive family management
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 19: What do we tell parents of a child with simple or complex febrile seizures?
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Information
- Prevention and treatment
- First aid for febrile seizures
- Learning theories
- Conclusions
- Available resources
- References
- Chapter 20: The future of FS, FSE, and their epileptogenic and cognitive outcomes
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- The genetic revolution and FS
- Epileptogenesis: Neurobiological, neuroimmunological, and epigenetic mechanisms
- Predictive markers of epileptogenic and cognitive outcomes after FS and FSE
- Management implications: Current and future
- References
- Index
- Edition: 2
- Published: September 20, 2022
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 368
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780323899321
- eBook ISBN: 9780323984188
TB
Tallie Z. Baram
Tallie Z. Baram, MD, PhD is a Professor of Pediatrics, Anatomy/Neurobiology, Neurology and Physiology/Biophysics at the University of California-Irvine, and the Danette Shepard Professor of Neurological Sciences. Baram is a child neurologist and developmental neuroscientist and who has been focusing her efforts on programming the developing brain as a result of early-life experiences. Baram’s group has studied this broad topic in two contexts: a. how early-life experiences including stress and maternal care influence resilience and vulnerability to cognitive and emotional d3isorders; b. how early life seizures, especially those associated with fever, can convert a normal brain into an epileptic one. Baram’s discoveries have been translational, providing the foundation of an FDA-approved therapy and of novel clinical imaging approaches. Baram’s research contributions have been recognized by prestigious awards including the NIH NINDS Javits Merit Award, AES Basic Science Research Award, and the CNS Sachs Award, and she has chaired the NIH Developmental Brain Disorders study section.
Affiliations and expertise
Distinguished Professor, Founder, Epilepsy Research Center University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USASS
Shlomo Shinnar
Dr. Shlomo Shinnar is a neurologist, pediatrician and epidemiologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. His expertise focuses on comprehensive epilepsy management, child neurology and epilepsy with a focus on long term studies the prognosis of childhood seizures disorders. He is also an experienced clinical trialist and is the co-director of the Einstein NeuroNEXT cener of Excellence for Clinical Trials in Neurology.Dr. Shinnar conducts research on a variety of topics relating to childhood seizures, including when to initiate and discontinue antiepileptic drug therapy, prognosis following a first seizure, and prognosis following discontinuation of medications in children with seizures. He is also interested in the comorbidities of epilepsy and its impact on children and families. He current studies focus on status epilepticus, a life-threatening condition of persistent continuous and unremitting brain seizure lasting longer than 30 minutes. He is the recipient of the prestigious Research Recognition Award of the American Epilepsy Society and the CURE research award. His continuing research on the Consequences of Prolonged Febrile Seizures in Children (FEBSTAT) study was recently recognized with the prestigious Javits award by the NINDS.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USACS
Carl E. Stafstrom
Carl E. Stafstrom, M.D., Ph.D., is the Lederer Endowed Chair of Pediatric Epilepsy, and serves as the Director of Pediatric Neurology and Director of the John M. Freeman Pediatric Epilepsy Center.
Dr. Stafstrom received his medical degree from the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle, with residencies at the University of Washington Medical Center and Tufts New England Medical Center, as well as fellowships at Harvard for neurology research and Boston Children’s Hospital in clinical neurophysiology, electroencephalography, and epilepsy.
Dr. Stafstrom previously served as Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health and Chief of Pediatric Neurology at American Family Children’s Hospital at UW Madison.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Director, Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USARead Febrile Seizures on ScienceDirect