Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19

1st Edition - June 15, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Rajkumar Rajendram, Victor R Preedy, Vinood Patel
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 6 4 6 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 6 4 7 - 5

Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19 examines the effects of the virus on the body, as well as its transmission and clinical profile. This volume begins… Read more

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Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19 examines the effects of the virus on the body, as well as its transmission and clinical profile. This volume begins with an introduction to the virus and its pathogenesis, transmission, and avoidance, followed by sections on pulmonary and cardiovascular effects, obesity, diabetes, the liver, detection issues, and biomarkers. Vaccines and treatment are also discussed. Specific case studies covered include hypoxia, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and neurological effects. This volume is relevant for all clinicians and scientists working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Section A: SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Introductory chapters and setting the scene
Chapter 1 Involvement of body systems by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Abstract
Introduction
COVID-19: General features
Pulmonary involvement with COVID-19
Liver involvement
Cardiac involvement
Renal involvement
Neurological involvement
Hematological involvement
Quality-of-life measures and the family unit
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts
Summary points
References
Chapter 2 Early warning of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Abstract
Introduction
Warnings at different time points
Using models to look into the future
Which models to select
Statistical models to estimate short-term trends
Causal coarse-grained models to unlock future projections
Dynamical indicators for early warning
Agent-based models for multiscale predictions
Using complementary data to enhance predictions: The case of wastewater samples
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 3 Mobile phones and their use to study dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Data sources and metrics
Use of mobility metrics to study COVID-19
Limitations and concerns
Privacy
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section B: Structure, transmission and avoidance
Chapter 4 Cis regulatory elements: A novel communication route between the host cell and the SARS-CoV-2 genome
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Cellular entry and viral replication through a functional interactome of viral and cellular components
Coronavirus replication activates signaling that leads to ER stress
Structural elements of SARS-CoV-2
Virus activated inhibitor of translation (VAIT) elements in ORF1a RNA and S mRNA in SARS-CoV-2
The role of other RNA-binding proteins from the host and their interactions with structural elements of SARS-CoV-2 in virus pathogenesis
Policies and procedures
Application to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 5 SARS-CoV-2 ORF8: Structure, evolution, molecular function, and its contribution to the pathogenicity of the virus
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 evolutionary dynamics
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 association to pathogenicity
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 protein structure
SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 molecular function associated to pathogenicity
Conclusion
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 6 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding ligands and its application in COVID-19 therapeutics
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic
SARS-CoV-2 virus
Spike protein
Antibodies
Peptides
Conclusion
Policies and procedures
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 7 SARS-CoV-2 bulldozes the autophagy pathway and unhinges mitochondrial quality control thereby driving neurodegeneration—A hypothesis
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 promotes toxic protein aggregation by impairing autophagic flux
SARS-CoV-2 impairs mitochondrial quality control by disrupting mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics
SARS-CoV-2 alters neuronal energy metabolism and drives premature aging
Repurposing of drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection
Summary
Policies
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 8 The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Mutations of the Omicron VOC in the S protein
Increased transmissibility of the Omicron variant
Reduced susceptibility of the Omicron variant to the immunity induced by vaccination or infection by previous SARS-CoV-2 lineages
Differential pathogenicity and tropism of the Omicron variant
Origin of the Omicron variant
Omicron epidemic waves
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 9 Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 spread in hospitals and health facilities
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 10 Computational analysis of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants spike protein and protein interactions
Abstract
Introduction
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 11 Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
Introduction
Respiratory viruses
Measures to prevent human-to-human transmission
Respiratory particles
Respiratory virus transmission
Evidence for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Superspreading events
Long-range transmission
Asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission
Increased indoor transmission
Transmission despite use of contact and droplet precautions
Infectious SARS-CoV-2 isolated from air
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in locations only accessible by airborne transmission
Animal infection studies
Resistance to recognizing airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 12 Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with face masks: Its potential protective effects
Abstract
Introduction
Understanding how masks can prevent the transmission of respiratory viruses and SARS-CoV-2
Why are masks effective in blocking transmission of COVID-19?
How to check mask blocking efficacy
Difference between mask materials
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points and key facts
References
Chapter 13 Digital twin of ventilation system against COVID-19 transmission and infection risk
Abstract
Ventilation for resilience against COVID-19 infection
Digital twin of ventilation system against COVID-19 infection
Digital-twin-enabled real-time COVID-19 risk assessment
Digital-twin-enabled adaptive ventilation for real-time COVID-19 risk mitigation
Procedures: Notes for implementation
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 14 Pets and SARS-CoV-2: Their role in disease epidemiology
Abstract
The origin of SARS-CoV-2: Animals in the spotlight
Natural infection in animals and its implications
The danger of new SARS-CoV-2 variants
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 15 SARS-CoV-2 transmission in dental practice
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Application to other areas
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 16 SARS-CoV-2 compared with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in terms of vertical transmission
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 and evidence of vertical transmission
Influenza virus and evidence of vertical transmission
Respiratory syncytial virus and evidence of vertical transmission
Conclusions
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 17 Reducing droplets and aerosols in the surgical setting and applications to the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Policy and procedures
Operating room ventilation systems
Anesthesia and COVID-19 prevention
Surgical procedures and COVID-19 prevention
Applications of COVID-19 pandemic
Conclusions
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 18 SARS-CoV motion dynamics: Linking in droplet size
Abstract
Introduction
Procedures
Results
Applications to other areas
Discussion
Conclusions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Declarations
References
Chapter 19 Ventilation and airborne particles in classrooms: Implications from the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Introduction
Ventilation in classrooms and the COVID-19 pandemic
Airborne particulate matter levels in classrooms and the COVID-19 pandemic
IoT applications for continuous IAQ monitoring
Conclusion and future trends
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 20 Indoor transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through aerosols emitted by e-cigarettes
Abstract
Introduction
Bioaerosols
Vaping as a respiratory activity
Estimation of viral charge of vaping and other respiratory activities
Risk probability model
A “control state” to evaluate relative risks
Discussion
Conclusions
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section C: Impact and effects
Chapter 21 The impact of COVID-19 on first responders
Abstract
Introduction
Definition of first responders
Rates of COVID-19 among first responders
Vaccination among first responders
Infection control and emergency response
Observations from study of first responders in Colorado
Quarantine and isolation
Impacts of the pandemic on first responders
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 22 COVID-19 and suspected drug-induced liver injury
Abstract
Introduction
Abnormal liver tests in COVID-19 patients
Temporal relationship versus causal association in DILI
Exclusion of alternative causes unrelated to drug use
Causality assessment of DILI using the updated RUCAM
RUCAM use to establish DILI diagnosis in COVID-19 patients
Clinical features of DILI in COVID-19 patients
Conclusions
Policies and procedures
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 23 Pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19
Histopathology of pulmonary fibrosis
Post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease
Conclusions
Policies
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 24 The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer: Clinical correlation and potential pathological mechanism
Abstract
Introduction
Inflammation
Cytokine storm
Clinical correlations
Treatment and medication
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 25 Severe SARS-CoV-2, platelet-endothelium interactions, and cardiovascular injury
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular complications
Other manifestations
Pathological role of platelets in COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2-mediated endothelial activation in the pathogenesis of COVID-19
Novel insights into mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-driven Hyperactivation of platelets in the pathogenesis of COVID-19
Conclusion
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 26 Cardiometabolic syndrome and COVID-19: Pathophysiological aspects
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiometabolic syndrome
Outcomes of patients with CMS and COVID-19
Pathophysiologic link between CMS and COVID-19
Long COVID-19 and cardiometabolic syndrome
Impacts of COVID-19 preventative measures on CMS
Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination on patients with CMS (Forchette et al., 2021)
Conclusion
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 27 COVID-19 and type 1 and 2 diabetes: An overview
Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes and COVID-19 mortality rate
COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes
Diabetic patients: Mechanisms increasing susceptibility to COVID-19
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 28 COVID-19 and older adults: An overview
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in older adults
Higher mortality rate in older adults with COVID-19
Comorbidities in older adults with COVID-19
Hormonal changes in older adults with COVID-19
Immune system and inflammation in older adults with COVID-19
Key facts
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 29 COVID-19 and male fertility
Abstract
Introduction
Virus detection in seminal fluid
Gonadal-toxic drugs for treatment of COVID-19
Long-term effect of viral infection on reproductive function
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 30 COVID-19 and obesity: An overview
Abstract
Introduction
Definition and epidemiology of obesity
Obesity and Immunity
Obesity and COVID-19
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section D: Treatments, strategies, and vaccines
Chapter 31 COVID-19 vaccines and their impact: An overview
Abstract
Introduction
Different vaccine platforms
Third booster dose vaccination
Selected high-risk vaccine recipient groups
Policies
Application to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 32 Exploring the promise of COVID-19 vaccines: A review of preclinical studies
Abstract
Introduction
Molecular evolution
Treatment
Serious adverse reactions detected postvaccination
Preclinical studies data
Conclusions and future perspective
Key facts
Policy and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 33 Drugs actively being investigated for use in COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Antiviral drugs
Monoclonal antibodies
Immunomodulators
Conclusion
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 34 The biology of neutralizing antibody therapy with REGEN-COV
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a target of mAbs therapy
Effect of mAbs
Resistance
Policies and procedures
Applications and perspectives for the future
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 35 The intensive care unit and percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Abstract
Introduction
Policies and procedures
Is tracheostomy necessary in patients with COVID-19?
When should tracheostomy be performed in patients with COVID-19?
Tracheostomy contraindications in patients with COVID-19
What is the most appropriate technique for tracheostomy?
Percutaneous tracheostomy
How did tracheostomy affect outcomes in patients with COVID-19?
Conclusion
Key facts
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 36 Cardiac effects of drugs and vaccines used to treat and prevent COVID-19
Abstract
Background
Cardiac effects of anti-COVID-19 drugs
Cardiac effects of COVID-19 vaccines
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 37 COVID-19 pandemic and isolation: Impact on sleep
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep during COVID-19 pandemic
Acute and long COVID-19
Specific conditions related to sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic (Fig. 2)
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 38 Strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic: Disinfection of gloved hands
Abstract
Introduction
Types of gloves and recommendations for use
Disinfection of gloves in the sanitary field
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 39 In silico studies of established antivirals targeting the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Abstract
Introduction
Viral replication
Entry into host cells
Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
Established anti-SARS-CoV-2 targeting RdRp
In silico insight on the targeting RdRp for antiviral development
Policies and procedures
Application to other areas
Summary points
References
Chapter 40 The COVID-19 cytokine storm and its immunomodulatory treatment
Abstract
Introduction and background
Definition of cytokine storm
Etiology
Risk factors
Pathophysiology
Summary points
References
Chapter 41 Safety and efficacy of nebulization for reducing the intensity of viral load and clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19
Abstract
Acknowledgement
Introduction
Guidance on home nebulization in COVID-19
Summary points
References
Section E: Detection and biomarkers
Chapter 42 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and use in detection of SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
Introduction
Diagnostic yield BAL in acute respiratory failure
Safety and complication of BAL in ARF
BAL and diagnosis of COVID-19
Policies and procedure
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 43 SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination among people who use drugs
Abstract
Why is testing needed?
Why COVID-19 vaccination is critical for people who inject drugs (PWID)
Pandemic response
Effective strategies for improving testing and vaccination uptake among people who inject drugs
Summary points
References
Chapter 44 Homocysteine as a biomarker in COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
SARS-CoV-2 and homocysteine metabolism
Homocysteine levels in COVID-19 patients
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 45 Assessment of smell and taste in COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Chemosenses
Chemosensory disorders
Assessment of smell and taste
Pathophysiology of chemosensitive dysfunction in COVID-19
Subjective assessment of smell in COVID-19
Psychophysical assessment of smell in COVID-19
Subjective assessment of taste in COVID-19
Psychophysical assessment of taste in COVID-19
Assessment of persistent chemosensory dysfunction after COVID-19
Chemosensitive assessment in later variants of SARS-CoV-2
Policies
Application to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 46 S-gene analysis: RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing applied to SARS-CoV-2 virus
Abstract
Introduction
Genomic structure of SARS-CoV-2 virus
Variants of concerns and variants of interest
Methodology for S-gene analysis
RT-PCR-based assay
Sanger sequencing
Conclusion
Procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 47 False-negative results in screening for SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and target of COVID-19 screening
Limitations of COVID-19 tests and interpretation of negative results
Diagnostic tests for COVID-19
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the impact of vaccines
Policies and procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Competing interests
References
Chapter 48 Sample pooling and SARS-CoV-2 assays
Abstract
Introduction
Pooled samples technique: Basics and history
Type of pooling
Pooling application models
Procedures
Application in other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 49 Biomarkers of invasive mechanical ventilation in obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with COVID-19
Abstract
Introduction
Basic pathogenesis of COVID-19
Clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19
Treatment of COVID-19
Conditions associated with severe disease and mortality
Why are obesity and metabolic syndrome risk factors for COVID-19 severity?
Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity
Biomarkers of COVID-19 severity in special groups: Patients with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome
Policies and procedures
Policy
Procedures
Applications to other areas
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Section F: Case studies with mini review
Chapter 50 Hypoxia and heart-lung interactions in COVID-19: The significance of right heart dysfunction and shunt
Abstract
Introduction
Evaluation of the current treatment paradigm for refractory hypoxia in the context of the pathogenesis of COVID-19
Re-evaluation of the evidence for the management of ARDS
Causes of right-to-left shunt
Acute right-to-left intracardiac shunt as a cause of respiratory failure in COVID-19
Underdiagnosis of interatrial shunt in critically ill patients
Right heart dysfunction and shunt in COVID-19
Precipitants of ARLIAS
When to consider extrapulmonary shunt
Determining the cause of right-to-left shunt
Classification of the type of respiratory failure
Applications to other areas
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Conflicts of interest
Sources of funding
Take home message
References
Chapter 51 Ulnar nerve dysfunction as COVID-19 sequelae
Abstract
Case study
Discussion
Summary points
References
Chapter 52 Case study: Coronavirus disease 2019 and acute kidney injury
Abstract
Introduction
Case presentation
Mini review of the area or literature
Conclusion
Summary points
References
Chapter 53 Case study: The detection and treatment of an anterior pneumothorax in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia
Abstract
Introduction
Case presentation
Mini review of the area or literature
Conclusion
Summary points
References
Chapter 54 Proposal and demonstration of a survey method for the prevention of airborne transmission: Case studies in healthcare and welfare facilities
Abstract
Introduction
Material and methods
Results and consideration
Discussion
Conclusion
Summary points
References
Section G: Resources
Chapter 55 Recommended resources for the features, transmission, and detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Abstract
Acknowledgments (in alphabetical order)
Introduction
Resources
Other resources
Summary points
References
Index

Rajkumar Rajendram

Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.

Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.

Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.

Affiliations and expertise

Consultant in Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Victor R Preedy

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK

Vinood Patel

Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King’s College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, University Westminster, UK

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Features, Transmission, Detection, and Case Studies in COVID-19

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Rajkumar Rajendram

Victor R Preedy

Vinood Patel

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