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Faust's Anesthesiology Review
- 6th Edition - September 6, 2023
- Editors: Terence L. Trentman, Brantley D. Gaitan, Bhargavi Gali, Rebecca L. Johnson, Jeffrey T. Mueller, J. Ross Renew, Toby N. Weingarten
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 9 1 6 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 7 9 1 7 - 0
Authored by current and former physicians at the Mayo Clinic, Faust's Anesthesiology Review, 6th Edition, is an invaluable review source for success on exams and in practice. It… Read more
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Request a sales quoteAuthored by current and former physicians at the Mayo Clinic, Faust's Anesthesiology Review, 6th Edition, is an invaluable review source for success on exams and in practice. It covers a broad range of important and timely topics in a succinct, easy-to-read format, providing the essential information you need to master the latest advances, procedures, guidelines, and protocols in anesthesiology.
Provides in-depth, yet succinct clinical synopses of all topic areas found on the ABA/ASA exam, with the perfect amount of information to ensure exam success.
Contains five new chapters: Principles of Preoperative Evaluation; Anesthesia for Patients who are Lactating; Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Anterior Trunk; Sustainability in Anesthesiology and the Operating Room; and Anesthesia During a Pandemic.
Covers the core knowledge needed to succeed in today’s anesthesiology practice, including awake craniotomy, non-OR anesthesia (NORA), neuromodulation, using arterial pressure waveform to derive cardiac output, enhanced recovery (ERAS) pathways, chemical dependency in anesthesia personnel, lung transplantation, anesthesia for robotic surgery, and more.
Includes boxes, tables, charts, and graphs throughout to provide visual guidance and summarize critical information.
Features concise chapters for efficient review and effective recall, making this an ideal study tool for certification, recertification, or as a refresher for anesthesiology practice.
An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Anesthesiologist residents
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Video contents
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- SECTION I. Operating Room, Equipment, and Monitoring
- 1. Medical gas supply
- Suggested readings
- 2. Electricity in the operating room
- Electrical supply
- Electrical injuries
- Suggested readings
- 3. Operating room fires
- Fire triangle
- Prevention
- Preparation
- Management of an operating room fire
- Suggested readings
- 4. Vaporizers
- Concentrated-calibrated variable bypass vaporizers
- Desflurane vaporizer and electronic temperature-regulated, pressure-controlled vaporizer
- Problems with vaporizers
- Miscellany
- Suggested readings
- 5. Carbon dioxide absorption
- Carbon dioxide absorbers
- Absorbent chemistry
- Interactions with inhaled anesthetic agents and formation of degradation products
- Thermal injury
- Carbon dioxide removal capacity
- Indication of absorbent exhaustion
- Suggested readings
- 6. Carbon dioxide retention and capnography
- Terminology
- Retention of carbon dioxide
- Capnography
- Capnograms
- Suggested readings
- 7. Tracheal tubes
- Tracheal tubes
- Supraglottic airways
- Facemasks
- Pharyngeal airways
- Suggested readings
- 8. Complications of tracheal intubation
- Complications that occur during intubation
- Complications that occur with the tracheal tube in place
- Complications that occur immediately after extubation
- Delayed complications
- Suggested readings
- 9. Disconnect monitors
- Airway pressure monitors
- End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring
- Flow monitoring
- Empty bellows alarms
- Disconnect alarm management
- Suggested readings
- 10. Pulse oximetry
- Technology
- Accuracy
- Other useful data
- Complications of pulse oximetry
- The future of pulse oximetry
- Suggested readings
- 11. Hemodynamic monitoring
- Indications for a pulmonary artery catheter
- Insertion and complications of pulmonary artery catheters
- Data and interpretation
- The pulmonary artery catheter controversy
- Arterial catheters
- Equipment and cannulation
- Waveform interpretation
- Dynamic indexes of fluid responsiveness
- Cardiac output derived from the arterial pressure waveform
- Suggested readings
- 12. Monitoring integrity of the neuromuscular junction
- Neuromuscular physiology
- Importance of monitoring neuromuscular blockade
- Clinical indicators of neuromuscular blockade
- Qualitative monitoring of the neuromuscular junction
- Quantitative monitoring of the neuromuscular junction
- Suggested readings
- 13. Evoked potential monitoring and electromyography
- Evoked potential monitoring
- The evoked potential waveform
- Brainstem auditory evoked responses
- Somatosensory evoked potentials
- Motor evoked potentials
- Visual evoked potentials
- Intraoperative changes in evoked potential signals
- Electromyography
- Suggested reading
- SECTION II. Physiology
- 14. Oxygen transport
- The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
- Suggested readings
- 15. Blood gas temperature correction
- α-Stat method
- pH-Stat method
- pH-Stat versus α-Stat
- Suggested readings
- 16. Central regulation of ventilation
- Neural control: Respiratory center
- Chemical control
- Suggested readings
- 17. Physiologic effects of hypercarbia
- Carbon dioxide transport
- Central nervous system
- Respiratory system
- Cardiovascular system
- Gastrointestinal system
- Renal system
- Metabolic system
- Pharmacologic effects of changes in carbon dioxide
- Effects of changes in carbon dioxide on minimum alveolar concentration
- Signs and symptoms
- Suggested readings
- 18. Factors that affect pulmonary compliance and airway resistance
- Compliance of the lung and chest wall
- Surface tension at the alveolar gas/liquid interface
- Factors that affect respiratory compliance
- Effects of decreased compliance
- Nonelastic resistance
- Principles of gas flow and resistance
- Airway resistance
- Factors that affect airway resistance
- Major effects of increased airway resistance
- Suggested readings
- 19. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion
- Ventilation
- Pulmonary blood flow
- Ventilation/perfusion ratio
- Dead space
- Factors that affect dead space and dead space/tidal volume
- Shunt
- Suggested readings
- 20. Pulmonary function test interpretation
- Tests to measure lung volume
- Tests of gas flow
- Tests of efficiency of gas exchange
- Choosing pulmonary function tests
- Suggested readings
- 21. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and restrictive lung disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Restrictive lung disease
- Suggested readings
- 22. Measurement and implications of the Q ˙ s/ Q ˙ t
- Ventilation/perfusion mismatch
- Other causes of shunting
- Calculation of shunt fraction
- Suggested readings
- 23. Cardiac cycle: Control and synchronicity
- Control
- Physiologic effects on cardiac cycle control
- Synchronicity
- Suggested readings
- 24. Physiologic determinants of cardiac output
- Stroke volume
- Heart rate
- Suggested readings
- 25. Myocardial oxygen supply and demand
- Coronary perfusion pressure
- Vascular resistance
- Arterial blood oxygen content
- Other factors
- Oxygen demand
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 26. Tachyarrhythmias
- Narrow complex tachycardia
- Treatment
- Wide complex tachycardia
- Suggested readings
- 27. Bradyarrhythmias
- Heart block or atrioventricular dysfunction
- Intraoperative bradycardia
- Suggested readings
- 28. The autonomic nervous system
- Anatomy
- Functional effects
- Suggested readings
- 29. The sympathetic nervous system: Anatomy and receptor pharmacology
- Anatomy
- Receptor pharmacology
- Agonists
- Suggested readings
- 30. Factors affecting cerebral blood flow
- Cerebral metabolic rate
- Autoregulation
- Carbon dioxide responsiveness
- Oxygen responsiveness
- Hypothermia
- Effects of anesthetic drugs
- Intravenously administered anesthetic agents
- Inhaled anesthetic agents
- Age
- Suggested readings
- 31. Physiology of neuromuscular transmission
- Neuromuscular junction
- Function of the neuromuscular junction
- Upregulation and downregulation
- Suggested readings
- 32. Renal physiology
- Renal blood flow
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Tubular reabsorption
- Tubular secretion
- Suggested readings
- 33. Renal function tests
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Tubular function tests
- Other clinical and laboratory assays
- Suggested readings
- 34. Acid-base status
- Terminology
- Types of acid-base disorders
- Compensatory responses
- Assessment of acid-base disorders secondary to metabolic disorders
- Assessment of acid-base disorders secondary to respiratory mechanics
- Suggested readings
- 35. Electrolyte abnormalities: Potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Suggested readings
- 36. Hepatic physiology, preoperative evaluation, and planning
- Hepatic physiology
- Hepatic blood flow
- Preoperative hepatic assessment
- Regional anesthesia and multimodal pain management
- Suggested readings
- 37. Mechanisms of hepatic drug metabolism and excretion
- Hepatic clearance
- Hepatic metabolic reactions
- Extrahepatic metabolic reactions
- Suggested readings
- SECTION III. Pharmacology
- 38. Molecular, cellular, and neural mechanisms of general anesthesia
- Lipid-based hypotheses
- Molecular sites of anesthetic action
- Cellular effects
- Central nervous system effects
- Suggested readings
- 39. Factors that affect anesthetic gas uptake
- Solubility
- Cardiac output
- Ventilation
- Concentration effect
- Second gas effect
- V˙/Q˙ mismatch
- Suggested readings
- 40. Minimum alveolar concentration
- Important concepts related to minimum alveolar concentration
- Determination of minimum alveolar concentration
- Dose-response relationship
- Factors that affect minimum alveolar concentration
- Derivatives of minimum alveolar concentration
- Clinical relevance
- Suggested readings
- 41. The effect of intracardiac shunts on inhalation induction
- Right-to-left shunt
- Left-to-right shunt
- Mixed shunt (right-to-left and left-to-right)
- Clinical practice
- Suggested readings
- 42. Inhalation anesthetic agents
- Pharmacokinetics
- Uptake
- Excretion
- Distribution
- Minimum alveolar concentration
- Blood-gas partition coefficient
- Concentration effect and second gas effect
- Shunts
- Alveolar-mixed venous partial pressure difference
- Effect of cardiac output on induction of inhaled anesthetic
- Effects of inhaled anesthetic agents on the circulatory and pulmonary systems
- Suggested readings
- 43. Nitrous oxide
- Systemic effects
- Metabolism
- Postoperative nausea and vomiting
- Toxicity
- Nitrous oxide and closed air spaces
- Environmental impact
- Suggested readings
- 44. Cardiovascular effects of the inhalation agents
- Systemic vascular resistance
- Heart rate
- Cardiac output and myocardial contractility
- Arrhythmogenicity
- Coronary vasodilation
- Anesthetic effect on diastolic filling
- Right ventricular function
- Electrocardiogram
- Cardioprotection
- Nitrous oxide
- Xenon
- Suggested readings
- 45. Effects of inhalation agents on the central nervous system
- Effect on central nervous system monitors
- Neuroprotection versus neurotoxicity
- Nitrous oxide
- Isoflurane
- Desflurane
- Sevoflurane
- Suggested readings
- 46. Hepatic effects of the inhalation agents
- Hepatic blood supply
- Inhaled anesthetic-induced changes in hepatic blood flow
- Hepatic metabolism of inhaled anesthetic agents
- Extrahepatic degradation of inhaled anesthetic agents
- Suggested readings
- 47. Propofol
- Effects on major organ systems
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
- Suggested readings
- 48. Etomidate
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Effects on major organ systems
- Adverse drug effects
- Suggested readings
- 49. Ketamine
- Structure
- Mechanisms of action
- Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and routes of administration
- Systemic effects
- Other side effects, toxicities, and abuse
- Clinical use
- Suggested readings
- 50. Opioid pharmacology
- Effects
- Histamine release
- Opioid-induced hyperalgesia
- Dependence, tolerance, and addiction
- Suggested readings
- 51. Succinylcholine
- Clinical use
- Pharmacology
- Phase II blockade
- Succinylcholine-associated apnea
- Variances in butyrylcholinesterase activity
- Undesirable effects
- Suggested readings
- 52. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
- Mechanism of action
- Characteristics of neuromuscular nondepolarizing blockade
- Alterations in sensitivity
- Chemical structure and pharmacokinetics
- Nonrelaxant side effects
- Commonly used nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
- Suggested readings
- 53. Nonrelaxant side effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
- Interference with autonomic function
- Histamine release
- Respiratory effects
- Allergic reactions
- Other nonrelaxant side effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents
- Suggested readings
- 54. Antagonism of neuromuscular block
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- Sugammadex
- Suggested readings
- 55. Pharmacology of atropine, scopolamine, and glycopyrrolate
- Atropine
- Scopolamine
- Glycopyrrolate
- Suggested readings
- 56. Benzodiazepines
- Organ effects outside of the central nervous system
- Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal
- Neonatal and fetal exposure
- Midazolam
- Effects on organ systems
- Diazepam
- Effects on organ systems
- Lorazepam
- Remimazolam
- Other benzodiazepines and related agents
- Benzodiazepine antagonist
- Benzodiazepines and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic
- Suggested readings
- 57. Dexmedetomidine
- Pharmacokinetics
- Systemic effects
- Suggested readings
- 58. Inotropes
- Physiology
- Clinical implications
- Classification
- Specific agents
- Suggested readings
- 59. Vasopressors
- Physiology
- Clinical implications
- Classification
- Specific agents
- Suggested readings
- 60. Vasodilators
- Introduction
- Sodium nitroprusside
- Organ system effects
- Nicardipine
- Clevidipine
- Suggested readings
- 61. Nitroglycerin
- Mechanism of action of vasodilation
- Metabolism
- Cardiovascular effects
- Therapeutic uses
- Adverse effects
- Contraindications
- Suggested readings
- 62. β-adrenergic receptor blo cking agents
- Indications for β-adrenergic receptor blockade
- Pharmacology of β-adrenergic receptor blocking agents
- Side effects
- Suggested readings
- 63. Calcium channel blockers
- Mechanism of action
- Classes of drugs
- General indications
- Anesthetic considerations in patients taking calcium channel blockers
- Suggested readings
- 64. Renin-angiotensin receptor inhibition
- Physiology
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Aldosterone antagonists
- Direct renin inhibitors
- Anesthetic considerations for patients receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
- Suggested readings
- 65. Bronchodilators
- β-Adrenergic receptor agonists
- Methylxanthines
- Anticholinergic agents
- Antiinflammatory agents
- Adjunctive medication
- Suggested readings
- 66. Antiemetics
- 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin, 5-HT3) receptor antagonists
- Antidopaminergic drugs
- Anticholinergic agents
- Steroids
- Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists
- Other antiemetics
- Nonpharmacological prophylaxis
- Suggested readings
- SECTION IV. Colloids and Blood Products
- 67. Albumin, hetastarch, and pentastarch
- The colloid controversy
- Albumin
- Hetastarch and pentastarch
- Clinical usefulness of colloids
- Contraindications to the use of colloid solutions
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 68. Type, screen, and crossmatch of red blood cells
- Type
- Screen
- Crossmatch
- Incompatibility risk and emergency transfusion
- Suggested readings
- 69. Red blood cell and platelet transfusion
- Red blood cells: Collection, storage, and administration
- Red cell transfusion in practice
- Autologous blood transfusion and directed transfusion
- Synthetic hemoglobins
- Moving from evidence to action: Thresholds for transfusion of red blood cells
- Platelet transfusions: Platelet preparation and storage
- Platelet matching
- Indications for platelet transfusion
- Platelet alloimmunization and platelet refractoriness
- Other risks of platelet transfusion
- Suggested readings
- ICU and cardiac surgical studies
- TRACS
- TRICS III
- Titer 2
- 70. Massive transfusions
- Intraoperative complications
- Postoperative complications
- Treatment of coagulopathy
- Suggested readings
- 71. Hemolytic transfusion reactions
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Signs and symptoms
- Complications
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Suggested readings
- 72. Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions
- Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
- Mild allergic reactions
- Anaphylactic reactions
- Hypotensive transfusion reactions
- Transfusion-related acute lung injury
- Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
- Transfusion-associated dyspnea
- Posttransfusion purpura
- Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
- Transfusion-transmitted infection
- Bacterial contamination
- Immunomodulation
- Suggested readings
- 73. Blood product conservation
- Questions
- Background
- Transfusion threshold and strategies
- Preoperative assessment
- Intraoperative considerations
- Suggested readings
- SECTION V. Preoperative and Postoperative
- 74. Principles of preoperative evaluation
- Preoperative evaluation and risk assessment
- Surgical urgency and risk
- Patient-specific risk assessment
- Medical comorbidities
- Bleeding/thrombotic risk assessment
- Psychosocial history
- Preoperative functional capacity assessment
- Sleep apnea screening
- Focused physical examination
- Ancillary testing
- Preoperative medication management
- Anemia and nutrition
- Special populations—geriatrics
- Risk stratification and mitigation
- Suggested readings
- 75. Preoperative evaluation of the patient with cardiac disease for noncardiac operations
- Defining comorbid conditions
- Assessing surgical risk
- Evaluating functional status
- Applying the Revised American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines
- Perioperative β-adrenergic receptor blockade
- Patients with prior percutaneous coronary interventions
- Patients with cardiac-rhythm management devices
- Suggested readings
- 76. Tobacco use in surgical patients
- Smoking abstinence and perioperative outcomes
- Surgery represents an excellent opportunity for smoking cessation
- Helping patients quit smoking
- E-cigarettes
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 77. Obstructive sleep apnea
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Anesthetic management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 78. Postoperative nausea and vomiting
- Introduction
- Physiology
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 79. Anesthesia for patients who are lactating
- Preoperative
- Intraoperative
- Postoperative
- Suggested readings
- 80. Acute and chronic alcoholism and anesthesia
- Metabolism
- Acute central nervous system effects
- Chronic alcoholism
- Anesthetic management of patients with alcohol use disorders
- Liver disease and cirrhosis
- Acetaminophen
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Delirium tremens
- Alcoholic abstinence
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Suggested readings
- 81. The evaluation and management of prolonged emergence from anesthesia
- Pharmacologic causes of delayed emergence
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors
- Metabolic disturbances of delayed emergence
- Suggested readings
- 82. Delirium in the postanesthesia care unit
- Predisposing and perioperative risk factors
- Diagnosis
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Outcomes and long-term consequences
- Suggested readings
- SECTION VIA. Specialty Anesthesia: Regional Anesthesia
- 83. Local anesthetic agents: Mechanism of action and pharmacology
- Anatomy of a nerve cell
- Nerve cell membrane and depolarization
- Structure of local anesthetic agents
- Action of local anesthetic agents
- Suggested readings
- 84. Toxicity of local anesthetic agents
- Introduction
- Factors influencing blood levels of local anesthetic agents
- Clinical presentation of systemic toxicity (Box 84.1)
- Central nervous system toxicity
- Peripheral nervous system toxicity
- Cauda equina syndrome
- Transient neurologic symptoms
- Methemoglobinemia
- Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of toxic reactions
- Special populations
- Suggested readings
- 85. Regional analgesia adjuvants, liposomal bupivacaine
- Regional anesthesia adjuvants
- Liposomal bupivacaine
- Suggested readings
- 86. Multimodal analgesia
- Multimodal analgesia
- NSAIDs
- Acetaminophen
- Steroids
- Local anesthetics and regional anesthesia
- α2-Receptor agonists
- α2δ Ligands
- Ketamine
- Opioids
- Conclusion
- Appendix
- Suggested readings
- 87. Needle blocks of the eye
- Anatomy
- Terminology
- Local anesthetic agents
- Types of eye blocks
- Contraindications
- Complications
- Suggested readings
- 88. Spinal cord anatomy and blood supply
- Anatomy
- Vertebrae
- Blood supply
- Suggested readings
- 89. Spinal anesthesia
- Introduction
- Anatomy
- Factors affecting block level
- Spinal anesthetic agents
- Cardiovascular effects
- Pulmonary effects
- Gastrointestinal effects
- Genitourinary effects
- Cerebral blood flow
- Contraindications to spinal anesthesia
- Emerging concerns in neuraxial anesthesia
- Suggested readings
- 90. Epidural anesthesia
- Applied anatomy of the epidural space
- Identification of the epidural space
- Selection and dose of local anesthetic agent
- Complications
- Suggested readings
- 91. Combined spinal-epidural blockade
- Applied anatomy
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Equipment and technique
- Epidural test doses
- Complications
- Dural puncture epidural
- Suggested readings
- 92. Neuraxial anesthesia and anticoagulation
- Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin)
- Intravenous and subcutaneous standard (unfractionated) heparin
- Low-molecular-weight heparin
- New oral anticoagulants
- Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants
- Antiplatelet medications
- The anticoagulated parturient
- Anesthetic management of the anticoagulated patient
- Suggested readings
- 93. Brachial plexus anatomy
- Anatomy of the brachial plexus
- Anatomy of the brachial plexus with clinical correlations
- Suggested readings
- 94. Upper extremity blocks
- Interscalene brachial plexus block
- Supraclavicular brachial plexus block
- Infraclavicular brachial plexus block
- Axillary brachial plexus block
- Suggested readings
- 95. Peripheral nerve blocks of the posterior trunk
- Introduction
- Paravertebral block
- Quadratus lumborum block
- Erector spinae block
- Suggested readings
- 96. Peripheral nerve blocks of the anterior trunk
- Introduction
- Interpectoral, pectoserratus, and serratus anterior plane blocks
- Parasternal intercostal plane block
- Rectus sheath block
- Transversus abdominis plane block
- Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric nerve block
- Suggested readings
- 97. Lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks
- Clinical applications
- Complications
- Posterior lumbar plexus block (psoas compartment block)
- Technique
- Femoral nerve block
- Fascia iliaca nerve block
- Obturator nerve block
- Pericapsular nerve group block
- Adductor canal block
- Sciatic nerve block
- Popliteal block
- Suggested readings
- 98. Peripheral nerve blocks at the ankle
- Technique
- Suggested readings
- 99. Perioperative antifibrinolytic medication use
- Introduction
- Routes, dosage, and side effects
- Usage and efficacy
- Complications and safety
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 100. Basics of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia
- Introduction
- Ultrasound imaging physics
- Ultrasound safety
- Suggested readings
- SECTION VIB. Speciality Anesthesia: Neuroanesthesia
- 101. Cerebral protection
- Regulation of physiologic parameters
- Anesthetic agents
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 102. Increased intracranial pressure
- Brain
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood
- Intracranial elastance
- Anesthetic considerations
- Metabolic considerations
- Postoperative care
- Suggested readings
- 103. Functional neurosurgery
- Deep brain stimulation
- Cervical denervation for dystonia
- Epilepsy surgery
- Focused ultrasound
- Suggested readings
- 104. Anesthesia for awake intracranial surgery
- Introduction
- Indications for awake craniotomy
- Awake craniotomy versus general anesthesia
- Preoperative assessment and patient selection
- Anesthetic management
- Monitored anesthesia care
- Asleep-awake-asleep method
- Asleep-awake method
- Intraoperative complications
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 105. Cerebral circulation
- Anterior circulation
- Posterior circulation
- Meningeal arteries
- Venous drainage of the head
- Clinical considerations
- Suggested readings
- 106. Management of cerebral aneurysms
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Aneurysm rupture
- Surgical treatment versus endovascular interventions
- Anesthetic management
- Recovery
- Suggested readings
- 107. Anesthesia for pituitary surgery
- Adenohypophysis
- Cushing disease
- Acromegaly
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Pituitary hyperthyroidism
- Hypopituitarism
- Neurohypophysis
- Management of patients having pituitary surgery
- Suggested readings
- 108. Anesthesia for the sitting position
- Advantages of the sitting position
- Complications of the sitting position (Box 108.3)
- Suggested readings
- 109. Physiology and treatment of venous air embolism
- Etiology
- Prevalence
- Pathophysiology
- Morbidity and mortality
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Anesthetic considerations
- Suggested readings
- 110. Perioperative implications of caring for patients with epilepsy
- Perioperative seizure frequency
- Effect of anesthetics on epilepsy
- Effect of antiepileptic drugs on perioperative patient care
- Suggested readings
- 111. Effects of anesthetic agents and sedation medications on electroencephalograms
- Normal electroencephalogram
- Inhalation anesthetic agents
- Suggested readings
- 112. Carotid endarterectomy
- Preoperative evaluation
- Carotid endarterectomy procedure
- Techniques for cerebral monitoring
- Other considerations
- Suggested readings
- 113. Management of acute spinal cord injury
- Pathophysiologic factors
- Respiratory considerations
- Gastrointestinal considerations
- Cardiovascular considerations
- Metabolic considerations
- Anesthetic management
- Suggested readings
- 114. Anesthesia for adult complex spine surgery
- Epidemiology
- Preoperative evaluation
- Surgery
- Blood loss and management strategies
- Intraoperative neuromonitoring
- Anesthesia
- Positioning
- Suggested readings
- SECTION VIC. Specialty Anesthesia: Cardiac
- 115. Coronary circulation and the myocardial conduction system
- Coronary circulation
- Myocardial conduction system
- Suggested readings
- 116. Transesophageal echocardiography: Anatomic considerations
- Transesophageal echocardiography safety
- Anatomic correlations
- Standard views
- Suggested readings
- 117. Detection and treatment of perioperative acute coronary syndromes
- Monitoring for myocardial injury and infarction
- Treatment of acute coronary syndrome
- ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction
- Non–ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
- Special situations
- Suggested readings
- 118. Heart failure: Classification, compensation, and treatment
- Types of heart failure
- Classification of heart failure
- Compensatory mechanisms in heart failure
- Biomarkers in heart failure
- Treatment of heart failure
- Suggested readings
- 119. Right heart failure, tricuspid and pulmonary valve pathology
- The right ventricle
- Anatomy
- Electrocardiography of the right ventricle
- Coronary perfusion
- Design and function
- Preload
- Afterload
- Evaluation of the right ventricle
- Management of right ventricular dysfunction
- Tricuspid valve
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Tricuspid stenosis
- Pulmonic valve
- Pulmonic regurgitation
- Pulmonic stenosis
- Suggested readings
- 120. Management of end-stage heart failure: Heart transplantation versus ventricular assist device
- Ventricular assist devices
- Total artificial heart
- Anesthetic considerations for patients with end-stage heart failure who require implantation of a ventricular assist device or total artificial heart
- Intraoperative management
- Postoperative management
- Considerations for patients for heart transplantation
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 121. Coronary artery stents
- Recommendations
- Suggested readings
- 122. Cardiopulmonary bypass
- Basic cardiopulmonary bypass structure
- Control of systemic oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass
- Basic relationships
- General practice of cardiopulmonary bypass
- Cardiopulmonary bypass hemodynamics and hemodilution
- Effect of temperature change on systemic oxygenation
- Effect of anesthetic depth on systemic oxygenation
- Monitoring the adequacy of perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass
- Difficulties in maintaining systemic oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass
- Cardioplegia
- Suggested readings
- 123. Evaluation of the coagulation system
- Preoperative assessment
- Common point-of-care tests of coagulation
- Functional measurement of anticoagulation
- Suggested readings
- 124. Anticoagulation and reversal for cardiopulmonary bypass
- Heparin
- Administration and monitoring of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass
- Problems associated with the use of heparin
- Problems associated with heparin manufacture
- Heparin alternatives for cardiopulmonary bypass
- Reversal of heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass
- Suggested readings
- 125. Aortic stenosis
- Clinical features
- Natural history
- Anatomic considerations
- Valve replacement
- Concomitant diseases
- Anesthetic considerations for aortic valve replacement
- Anesthesia for patients with aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery
- Suggested readings
- 126. Mitral regurgitation
- Anatomy of the mitral valve
- Classification mitral regurgitation
- Natural history of mitral regurgitation
- Concomitant disease
- Surgical correction of mitral regurgitation
- Anesthetic considerations in the patient with mitral regurgitation
- Suggested readings
- 127. Percutaneous approaches to valvular disease: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transcatheter mitral valve repair
- Treatment options for aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation
- Patient selection
- Devices and insertion techniques
- Anesthetic management
- Suggested readings
- 128. Pacemakers
- Overview
- Generic codes of pacemakers
- Preoperative evaluation/preparation
- Effect of a magnet on pacemaker function
- Intraoperative management
- Electromagnetic interference
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Special situations
- Summary
- Acknowledgement
- Suggested readings
- 129. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
- Overview
- The implantable cardioverter defibrillator system
- Implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement
- Implantable cardioverter defibrillator functioning as a pacemaker
- Electromagnetic interference and implantable cardioverter defibrillators
- Inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks
- Implantable cardioverter defibrillator magnets
- Preoperative evaluation
- Intraoperative management
- Complications
- Acknowledgement
- Suggested readings
- 130. Intra-aortic balloon pump
- Equipment
- Hemodynamic effects
- Counterpulsation adjustment
- Indications
- Contraindications
- Weaning from intra-aortic balloon pump support
- Complications
- Outcome
- Suggested readings
- 131. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Basic principles of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Practical considerations among extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients
- Indications
- Outcomes
- Contraindications
- Complications
- Challenges and future directions
- Conclusions
- Suggested readings
- SECTION VID. Specialty Anesthesia: Thoracic
- 132. Intraoperative bronchospasm: Etiology and treatment
- Introduction
- Differential diagnosis for bronchospasm
- Perioperative evaluation, planning, and bronchospasm management
- Suggested readings
- 133. Anesthesia for bronchoscopy
- Clinical aspects of bronchoscopy
- Aims of anesthesia for bronchoscopy
- Preoperative preparation
- Fiber-optic bronchoscopy
- Sedation
- Upper airway anesthesia for bronchoscopy
- Artificial airways and fiber-optic bronchoscope
- Treatment of hypoxemia for bronchoscopy
- Rigid bronchoscopy
- Removal of a foreign body
- Management of massive hemoptysis
- Bronchoscopy management of central airway obstruction
- Complications associated with bronchoscopy
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 134. Double-lumen tracheal tubes
- Tube selection
- Double-lumen tube placement technique
- Suggested readings
- 135. One-lung ventilation and methods of improving oxygenation
- Mechanism of hypoxemia
- Factors affecting oxygenation during one-lung ventilation
- Preoperative and intraoperative condition of the dependent lung
- Methods to attenuate hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation
- Miscellaneous causes of hypoxemia
- Suggested readings
- 136. Bronchopleural fistula
- Etiology
- Treatment
- Suggested readings
- 137. High-frequency ventilation: Physics, physiology, and clinical applications
- Background
- Physics and physiology
- Clinical applications
- Potential risks and benefits
- Suggested readings
- 138. Thoracotomy pain management
- Mechanism of postthoracotomy pain
- Thoracic epidural analgesia
- Medication choice
- Risks of thoracic epidural analgesia
- Other analgesic techniques
- Multimodal analgesia
- Suggested readings
- 139. Lung transplantation
- Indications
- Preoperative management and preparation
- Intraoperative anesthetic management
- Postoperative management
- Suggested readings
- SECTION VII. Multispecialty Anesthesia; General Urologic ENT
- 140. Thermoregulation and perioperative hypothermia
- Heat balance and thermoregulation
- Measuring temperature intraoperatively
- Systemic side effects of perioperative hypothermia
- Mechanisms and prevention of perioperative hypothermia
- Suggested readings
- 141. The role of the anesthesia provider in wound infection
- Preoperative optimization
- Hand hygiene
- Hyperglycemia
- Nutritional status
- Intraoperative factors
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 142. Anesthesia in the patient with extreme obesity
- General
- Physiology and pathophysiology of morbid obesity
- Anesthesia for the morbidly obese patient
- Suggested readings
- 143. Weight loss procedures
- Surgical procedures for weight loss
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 144. Complications of transurethral resection of the prostate
- Introduction
- Treatment
- Specific complications
- Prevention of complications
- Suggested readings
- 145. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- Technical aspects
- Patient selection
- Complications
- Anesthetic considerations
- Suggested readings
- 146. Anatomy of the larynx
- Description
- Laryngeal skeleton
- Joints, ligaments, and membranes of the larynx
- Interior of the larynx
- Innervation
- Muscles
- Blood supply
- Considerations with the infant larynx
- Suggested readings
- 147. Anesthesia for laryngeal surgery
- Airway anatomy and physiology
- Direct laryngoscopy
- Vocal cord surgery
- Laryngectomy
- Laryngeal and tracheal trauma
- Suggested readings
- 148. Management of the difficult airway
- Defining the difficult airway
- Preoperative evaluation
- Preparation for management of the difficult airway
- Management of the difficult airway
- Specific patient populations
- Suggested readings
- 149. Enhanced recovery pathways (ERPS)
- History and development
- Preoperative considerations
- Intraoperative interventions
- Postoperative management
- Suggested readings
- SECTION VIII. Anesthesia for Unique Situations
- 150. Anesthesia during a pandemic
- Introduction
- Supply chain
- COVID-19 testing
- Personal protective equipment
- Managing the surgical schedule
- The next pandemic
- Suggested readings
- 151. Monitored anesthesia care
- Suggested readings
- 152. Anesthesia for patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
- Magnetic resonance imaging basics
- Magnetic resonance imaging safety
- Monitors and equipment compatibility
- Anesthetic management
- Unique considerations
- Suggested readings
- 153. Anesthesia for robotic surgery
- Introduction
- Technique
- Physiology
- Anesthetic considerations
- Other adverse effects/risks
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 154. Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy
- Mechanism of action
- Physiology
- Morbidity and mortality rates
- Anesthetic management
- Suggested readings
- 155. Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Myasthenia gravis
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Suggested readings
- 156. Anesthesia for endoscopic procedures
- Introduction
- Operational considerations
- Monitoring
- Patient safety
- Anesthetic management
- Procedures
- Suggested readings
- 157. Anesthesia outside of the operating room
- Introduction
- Monitoring, equipment, and patient evaluation
- Spectrum of sedation and anesthesia
- Providers
- Complications
- Nonoperating room locations
- Suggested readings
- 158. Anesthesia for interventional neuroradiology
- Neurologic interventional radiologic imaging exposure and considerations
- Contrast drugs
- Ischemic stroke
- Carotid artery stenting
- Cerebral aneurysms
- Brain arteriovenous malformations
- Suggested readings
- 159. Anesthesia for patients with diabetes mellitus
- Introduction
- Complications of diabetes
- Preoperative assessment
- Hyperglycemia
- Management of anesthesia
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 160. Anesthesia for thyroid surgery
- General considerations
- The patient with known thyroid disease
- The patient with occult thyroid disease
- Thyroid storm
- Suggested readings
- 161. Anesthesia for patients with carcinoid syndrome
- Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors
- Anesthetic management
- Suggested readings
- 162. Anesthesia for patients with hepatocellular disease
- Chronic hepatic disease
- Acute hepatic failure
- Anesthesia considerations
- Suggested readings
- 163. Anesthesia for the patient undergoing liver transplantation
- Preoperative evaluation
- Intraoperative management
- Postoperative management
- Acute liver failure
- Suggested readings
- 164. Autonomic dysreflexia
- Pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia
- Clinical features
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Suggested readings
- SECTION IX. Obstetric Anesthesia
- 165. Maternal physiologic changes in pregnancy
- Respiratory system
- Cardiovascular system
- Gastrointestinal system
- Renal function
- Hepatic function
- Hematologic system
- Neurologic system
- Uterine physiology
- Fetal oxygenation
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 166. Fetal assessment and intrapartum fetal monitoring
- Overview
- Antepartum fetal assessment
- Intrapartum fetal monitoring
- Suggested readings
- 167. Analgesia for labor
- Labor pain
- Preanesthesia evaluation and monitoring
- Analgesia options for parturients during labor
- Systemically administered medication
- Suggested readings
- 168. Opioid dependence in the parturient
- Pharmacology
- Maternal and fetal outcomes
- Pregnancy management for the opioid-addicted parturient
- Labor analgesia
- Anesthetic management for cesarean delivery
- Suggested readings
- 169. Preterm labor: Tocolytics and anesthetic management
- Epidemiology
- Tocolytic agents
- Magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection
- Corticosteroids for fetal lung maturity
- Anesthesia management of parturients with preterm labor
- Suggested readings
- 170. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
- Definitions
- Etiology and pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Anesthetic management
- Suggested readings
- 171. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery
- Preoperative evaluation and preparation
- Regional anesthesia
- Emergent or urgent cesarean delivery
- Suggested readings
- 172. Nonobstetric surgery in pregnancy
- Physiology of pregnancy
- Teratogenicity of anesthetic agents
- Preoperative preparation
- Fetal monitoring
- Anesthetic technique
- Suggested readings
- 173. Anesthesia for fetal surgery
- Anesthesia for open fetal surgery
- Anesthesia for minimally invasive fetal surgery
- Anesthesia for ex utero intrapartum treatment procedures
- Suggested readings
- 174. Peripartum hemorrhage
- Antepartum hemorrhage
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Suggested readings
- 175. Anesthesia for tubal ligation
- Interval tubal ligations
- Postpartum tubal ligation
- Suggested readings
- 176. Maternal diabetes: Neonatal effects
- Suggested readings
- SECTION X. Pediatric Anesthesia
- 177. Impact of anesthesia on neural development
- Relevance
- U.S. food and drug administration statement
- Data: Nonclinical studies
- Data: Clinical studies
- What to tell parents and caregivers
- Suggested readings
- 178. Anesthetic risks associated with prematurity
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Apnea
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Infection
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Temperature instability
- Pharmacologic concerns
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 179. Meconium aspiration and meconium aspiration syndrome
- Pathophysiology of meconium passage in utero
- Consequences of meconium passage or aspiration
- Treatment
- Diagnosis after delivery
- Management
- Outcomes
- Suggested readings
- 180. Risks of general anesthesia and sedation drugs in pediatric patients
- Introduction
- Development neuroscience
- Description of anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity
- Anesthetic and sedative drugs
- Clinical evidence for anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 181. Neonatal cardiovascular physiology
- Fetal circulation
- Transition to neonatal circulation
- Neonatal cardiovascular physiology
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 182. Differences between the infant and adult airway
- Anatomy
- Intubation
- Tracheal tube
- Suggested readings
- 183. Fluid management in infants
- Fluid management in infants
- Maintenance fluids
- Fluid replacement
- Blood replacement
- Red blood cell products
- Glucose management
- Suggested readings
- 184. Neuromuscular blocking agents in infants
- Specific agents and unique characteristics in neonates and infants
- Reversal of neuromuscular blockade
- Suggested readings
- 185. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Incidence and classification
- Etiology, embryology, and pathophysiology
- Prenatal diagnosis and management
- Prenatal management: Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion
- Postnatal diagnosis and management
- The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Surgery and timing
- Anesthetic management
- Postoperative care
- Outcome
- Mortality rate
- Suggested readings
- 186. Congenital pediatric airway problems
- Congenital pediatric airway problems
- Congenital abnormalities of the airway
- Anesthetic management of the difficult pediatric airway
- Suggested readings
- 187. Congenital heart disease: Congestive heart failure
- Anesthetic management
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 188. Other neonatal emergencies: Tracheoesophageal fistula and omphalocele
- Tracheoesophageal fistula
- Omphalocele
- Suggested readings
- 189. Neonatal resuscitation
- Transition from fetal to neonatal circulation
- Preparing for a neonatal resuscitation
- Neonatal resuscitation program basics
- Additional considerations: Meconium
- Additional considerations: Prematurity
- Unique neonatal assessments: Apgar scores and umbilical cord gases
- Conclusions
- Suggested readings
- 190. Pyloric stenosis
- Presentation
- Management of anesthesia
- Suggested readings
- 191. Pediatric breathing circuits
- Mapleson circuits
- Circle system
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 192. Croup versus epiglottitis
- Management
- Suggested readings
- 193. Sickle cell anemia: Anesthetic implications
- Introduction
- Anesthetic management
- Preoperative
- Intraoperative
- Postoperative
- Suggested readings
- 194. Anesthetic considerations for the patient with down syndrome
- Clinical manifestations
- Neurologic manifestations
- Cardiac abnormalities
- Respiratory manifestations
- Gastrointestinal manifestations
- Endocrinologic manifestations
- Musculoskeletal abnormalities
- Head and neck abnormalities
- Adults with down syndrome
- Perioperative management
- Operative management
- Suggested readings
- 195. Pediatric neuromuscular disorders
- Pediatric neuromuscular disorders
- Cerebral palsy
- Muscular dystrophy
- Mitochondrial myopathies
- Malignant hyperthermia and neuromuscular disorders
- Suggested readings
- 196. Anesthesia for patients with myotonic dystrophy
- Introduction
- Coexisting organ system dysfunction
- Anesthetic considerations
- Suggested readings
- 197. Regional anesthesia and pain relief in children
- Topical blocks
- Transverse abdominis plane block
- Rectus sheath block
- Suggested readings
- SECTION XI. Pain Medicine
- 198. Perioperative management of the opioid-tolerant patient
- Introduction
- Postoperative management
- Perioperative multimodal analgesia
- Special situations
- Suggested readings
- 199. Patient-controlled analgesia
- Evolution and application of patient-controlled analgesia
- Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 200. Neuraxial opioids
- Suggested readings
- 201. Complex regional pain syndrome
- Background
- Definitions
- Diagnosis
- Etiology
- Treatment
- Suggested readings
- 202. Postoperative headache
- Postdural puncture headache
- Prevention
- Treatment
- Other postoperative headaches
- Patient characteristics associated with postoperative headache
- Suggested readings
- 203. Treatment of cancer-related pain
- Introduction
- Mechanisms of cancer pain
- Medical therapy
- Adjuvant analgesic agents
- Interventional therapy
- Neuromodulation
- Surgical procedures
- Other approaches
- Suggested readings
- 204. Postherpetic neuralgia
- Introduction
- Description of the syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Treatment
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 205. Common interventions for low back pain
- Facet (zygapophysial) joint injections
- Medial branch blocks and radiofrequency ablation
- Sacroiliac joint injections
- Contraindications and adverse effects
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 206. Stellate ganglion block
- Indications
- Anatomy
- Technique
- Suggested readings
- 207. Lumbar sympathetic blockade
- Relevant anatomy
- Indications
- Technique
- Adverse side effects
- Suggested readings
- 208. Celiac plexus block
- Indications
- Anatomy
- Procedure
- Expected side effects
- Adverse effects
- Suggested readings
- 209. Neuromodulation techniques in pain medicine
- History
- Mechanism of action
- Patient selection
- Contraindications
- Types of spinal cord stimulation
- Types of peripheral nerve stimulation
- Procedural process
- Outcome studies
- Complications
- Future directions
- Suggested readings
- SECTION XII. Critical Care Medicine
- 210. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- Effects of hyperbaric oxygen
- Anesthetic management in a hyperbaric oxygen therapy chamber
- Suggested readings
- 211. Perioperative management of blood glucose
- Introduction
- Preoperative management of glycemic control
- Intraoperative management of glycemic control
- Postoperative management of glycemic control
- Measurement of blood glucose
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 212. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Etiology
- Clinical presentation
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Refractory hypoxemia
- Alternative management strategies
- Post-ARDS outcomes
- Suggested readings
- 213. Pulmonary hypertension
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical features
- Diagnosis
- Treatment of pulmonary hypertension
- Anesthetic management of the patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Preoperative
- Intraoperative
- Postoperative
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 214. Management of stroke
- Initial evaluation of acute stroke patients
- Anesthetic management
- Suggested readings
- 215. Acute kidney injury
- Incidence, signs, and symptoms
- Risk factors
- Laboratory analysis
- Causes and treatment
- Management
- Complications
- Suggested readings
- 216. Sepsis and septic shock
- Initial resuscitation
- Diagnosis
- Antimicrobial therapy and source control
- Vasopressors and inotropes
- Corticosteroids
- Recombinant human-activated protein C
- Vitamin C
- Supportive therapy
- Suggested readings
- 217. Anesthesia for burn-injured patients
- Acute injury
- Excision and grafting
- Operating room setup
- Preoperative phase
- Intra- and postoperative phases
- Outfield procedures
- Electrical injuries
- Nonthermal skin diseases
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- SECTION XIII. Risk Management
- 218. Medical ethics
- Principles of medical ethics
- A method of resolving ethical challenges in clinical care
- When patients lack capacity
- Patient refusal of blood products
- Do not resuscitate in the operating room
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 219. Medicolegal principles: Informed consent
- The informed-consent process
- Obtaining informed consent when treating the incompetent or minor patient
- Obtaining informed consent in emergent circumstances
- Suggested reading
- 220. Medicolegal principles: Medical negligence
- Elements of malpractice actions
- Types of claims against anesthesia personnel
- Lack of informed consent
- The process
- Managing legal risk
- Suggested readings
- 221. Anesthesia quality registries
- Genesis of anesthesia quality registries
- The anesthesia closed claims program
- Anesthesia incident reporting system
- National anesthesia clinical outcomes registry
- Future of anesthesia quality registries
- Suggested readings
- 222. Depth of anesthesia
- Incidence and experience of intraoperative awareness
- Risk factors for intraoperative awareness
- Prevention of awareness
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 223. Patient safety and quality improvement
- Quality improvement
- Medication errors, assessment, and prevention
- Programs to improve outcome
- Disclosure of errors to patients
- Suggested readings
- 224. Perioperative pulmonary aspiration
- Importance of pulmonary aspiration
- Pulmonary aspiration in children
- Use of medications and preoperative fasting
- Occurrence of aspiration in the perioperative period
- Management of perioperative pulmonary aspiration
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 225. Eye and dental complications
- Eye injury
- Dental injury
- Suggested readings
- 226. Intraoperative patient positioning and positioning complications
- Commonly used positions
- Recommendations for correct positioning
- Complications resulting from incorrect positioning
- Complications related to hyperlordosis
- Complications of upper extremity positioning
- Complications of lower extremity positioning
- Complications of steep trendelenburg position
- Complications related to the sitting position
- Complications related to head positioning
- Practical considerations for preventing positioning-related injury
- What to do when injury occurs
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 227. Malignant hyperthermia
- Introduction
- History
- Incidence and mortality
- Genetics of malignant hyperthermia
- Clinical presentation
- Anesthesia for malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patients
- Evaluation of susceptibility
- Dantrolene availability and patient safety
- Acknowledgment
- Suggested readings
- 228. Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions in anesthesia
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical features
- Causative agents
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Suggested readings
- 229. Central line safety
- Introduction
- Indications
- Complications
- Insertion procedure
- Insertion procedure safety steps
- Safe central line use, maintenance, and removal
- Suggested readings
- SECTION XIV. Practice Management
- 230. American Society of Anesthesiologists evidence-based practice parameters
- Practice parameters and their influence on clinical practice
- Practice guideline and practice advisory methodology
- Discussion
- Suggested readings
- 231. Value-based payment models
- The medicare access and CHIP reauthorization act of 2015
- Anesthesia considerations
- Suggested readings
- 232. Perioperative surgical home
- What is the perioperative surgical home model?
- Why was the perioperative surgical home model created?
- What are the components and principles of the perioperative surgical home model?
- Who are the stakeholders in the perioperative surgical home model?
- How is the perioperative surgical home implemented?
- What organizational capabilities are associated with a successful perioperative surgical home pilot?
- What types of institutions are piloting the perioperative surgical home model?
- What are some of the outcomes of the perioperative surgical home pilots?
- What are examples of institutions that have implemented a PSH pilot?
- Conclusion
- References
- Suggested readings
- 233. Licensure, credentialing, and privileging
- How health care organizations credential and privilege physicians
- License renewal, reappointment, and continuation of clinical privileges
- Delegated credentialing
- Suggested readings
- 234. Board certification and maintenance of certification
- Primary certification examination process
- Continuum of education in anesthesiology
- ABA staged examinations
- Maintenance of certification
- Maintenance of certification in anesthesiology 2.0
- Subspecialty certification
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 235. Professional liability insurance
- Scope of coverage—what is covered?
- Exclusions—what is not covered?
- Limits of liability—how much is covered?
- Duties of the insurance company and the insured
- Consent-to-settle clauses
- Coverage forms
- Suggested readings
- 236. Anesthesia information management systems
- Architecture and configuration
- Prevalence and utilization
- Benefits/disadvantages
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- 237. Medical coding and payment systems
- Medical diagnosis and procedure codes
- Current procedural terminology code development and valuation process
- Anesthesia coding
- Payment methodology illustrations—anesthesia
- Payment methodology illustrations—resource-based relative value system
- Conclusion
- Suggested readings
- 238. Chemical dependence in anesthesia personnel
- Suggested readings
- 239. Sustainability in anesthesiology and the operating room
- Inhaled anesthetic gases
- Intravenous anesthetic agents
- Mitigation efforts for environmental effects of anesthetic agents
- Reusable, reprocessed, or disposable
- Solid waste
- Putting it into practice
- Summary
- Suggested readings
- Index
- No. of pages: 832
- Language: English
- Edition: 6
- Published: September 6, 2023
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323879163
- eBook ISBN: 9780323879170
TT
Terence L. Trentman
Terrence Trentman is the Chair of Anesthesiology at Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale and Professor of Anesthesiology at Mayo College of Medicine.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic ArizonaBG
Brantley D. Gaitan
Affiliations and expertise
Assistant Professor of AnesthesiologyBG
Bhargavi Gali
Affiliations and expertise
Consultant & Assistant Professor of AnesthesiologyRJ
Rebecca L. Johnson
Affiliations and expertise
Consultant & Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineJM
Jeffrey T. Mueller
Affiliations and expertise
Consultant & Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic ArizonaJR
J. Ross Renew
Affiliations and expertise
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of MedicineTW
Toby N. Weingarten
MD
Affiliations and expertise
Consultant & Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine