
Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment
Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet
- 1st Edition - May 29, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editors: Colin R. Martin, Victor R Preedy, Rajkumar Rajendram
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 7 9 8 6 - 4
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 7 9 8 7 - 1
Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with proper and abnormal… Read more

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteFactors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior, and Diet is a comprehensive reference on the genetic and behavioral features associated with proper and abnormal development. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the physiological, behavioral, molecular, and cellular features of neurodevelopment. In addition, the book examines in vitro and in vivo modeling of development with stem cells and model systems.
- Provides the most comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of development
- Features sections on the genetics of developmental conditions and accompanying behavior
- Contains an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points to aid in understanding in each chapter
- Focuses on neurodevelopmental disorders and environmental factors that influence neural development
- Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I. Genetics, molecular and cellular biology
- Chapter 1. Hereditary motor neuropathies and overlapping conditions
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Clinical phenotype
- Genetic bases
- Applications to other areas of development
- Funding
- Key facts of hereditary motor neuropathies
- Summary points
- Chapter 2. Early life adversity and the role of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene in predicting childhood symptoms of ADHD and depression
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Auckland Birthweight Collaborative study and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Auckland Birthweight Collaborative study and depression
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Chapter 3. Genome-wide association studies and neurodevelopment: autism spectrum disorders and related traits
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Genome-wide association study of autism spectrum disorders and related traits
- Prioritizing genes using bioinformatics databases
- Future directions
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of autism spectrum disorders
- Key facts of genome-wide association study
- Summary points
- Chapter 4. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and cerebral palsy
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Neuroinflammation and cerebral palsy development
- Biomarkers
- Studied genes
- Cytokines
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts for cerebral palsy development
- Summary points
- Chapter 5. Epigenetic regulation of cortical neurogenesis
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Neural stem and progenitor cell types of the developing neocortex
- Epigenetics
- Histone modifications
- H3K9me3 and Ehmt1/2
- H3K27me3 and polycomb proteins
- H3K4me3 demethylation and the Kdm5 gene family
- H3K4me3 and trithorax proteins
- Conclusions and outlook
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of epigenetics
- Summary points
- Chapter 6. Functions and dynamics of axonal mitochondria in development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Mitochondria transport mechanisms
- Mitochondria stalling/capture mechanisms
- Mitochondria fission
- Mitochondria fusion
- Targeting and distribution of mitochondria in axons
- Role of the mitochondrion at the growth cone
- Role of the mitochondrion in axon regeneration
- Role of the mitochondrion in axon branching
- The role of mitochondria in defining sites of axonal mRNA translation
- Role of the mitochondrion at the presynaptic compartment
- Axonal mitochondria as local energy sources
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Chapter 7. Linking apoptosis and caspases in fetal neural tube defects
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Neural tube defects
- Apoptosis and caspases
- The role of apoptosis in the formation of the embryonic neural tube
- Folate deficiency, apoptosis, and neural tube defects
- Valproic acid, apoptosis, and neural tube defects
- Maternal diabetes, apoptosis, and neural tube defects
- Environmental exposure, apoptosis, and neural tube defects
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts about neural tube defects and apoptosis
- Summary points
- Chapter 8. Brain oxidative stress and pathophysiological significance in Down syndrome
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Enhanced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Down syndrome
- Proteins modified with aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation in Down syndrome
- Possible genes responsible for enhanced oxidative stress in the trisomic region of Ts1Cje mice
- Cu accumulation in the brain of a Down syndrome mouse model as a cause of oxidative stress
- Accumulation of phosphorylated tau in the brain of mice with Down syndrome
- Key facts of Down syndrome
- Summary points
- Chapter 9. Linking adhesion GPCRs to glial cell development and function
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction to adhesion G protein–coupled receptors
- Adhesion G protein–coupled receptor structure and function
- Adhesion G protein–coupled receptors in glial cell development and function
- Concluding remarks
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of glia and adhesion class of G protein–coupled receptors
- Summary points
- Chapter 10. Immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules of the Ig-FNIII type and neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- FN-type IgCAM families engaged in brain development
- Modes and configurations of protein–protein interaction of FN-type IgCAMs
- Engagement of FN-type IgCAMs in neurodevelopmental processes
- Involvement of FN-type IgCAMs in neurodevelopmental disorders
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of cell adhesion molecules
- Summary points
- Chapter 11. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurogenesis
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and embryonic neurogenesis
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adult neurogenesis
- Possible involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the neurogenesis stimulated by compounds
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of brain-derived neurotrophic factor–mediated neurogenesis
- Summary points
- Chapter 12. SLC7A5 and neural development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Chapter 13. Linking SOX3, SRY, and disorders of neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Hormones and sex chromosomes are not mutually exclusive as explanations for neurodevelopmental sex bias
- SOX3 and SRY are homologous proteins expressed during brain development
- Epigenetic mechanisms and gene networks of SRY and SOX3
- SOX3/SRY targets and neurodevelopmental disorders
- Application to other areas of development
- Key facts of SOX3 and SRY in neurodevelopmental disorders
- Summary points
- Chapter 14. Neuronal Src homology 2 B adaptor protein 1 and brain growth
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Applications to other areas of development
- Introduction
- SH2B family
- Neuronal SH2B1 supports brain development and growth
- Role of neuronal SH2B1 in mental states and defensive behavior
- Cellular mechanisms of SH2B1 actions on brain development and maintenance
- SH2B1 pathways in brain development
- Role of brain SH2B1 in the control of body weight and metabolism
- Key facts of SH2B1 and brain growth
- Summary points
- Chapter 15. Effects of extrinsic factors and intracellular signaling and transcription factors regulating the development and cell fate of spinal cord ependymal cells
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- The heterogeneity of spinal cord ependymal cells
- The properties of spinal cord ependymal cells after injury
- Extrinsic factors affecting the cell fate of spinal cord ependymal cells
- Intracellular signaling and transcription factors for the cell fate determination of spinal cord ependymal cells
- Conclusion
- Applications to other areas
- Key facts of spinal cord injury
- Summary points
- Chapter 16. Myelination, oligodendrocyte development, and associated neurodevelopmental disorders
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- The myelin membrane beyond a simple electrical insulator
- Myelin role in axonal growth regulation and maintenance
- Oligodendrocyte generation
- Genetic control of oligodendrocyte development
- Oligodendrocytes and myelin-associated neurodevelopmental disorders
- Applications to other areas of development
- Summary points
- Part II. Neurological and imaging features
- Chapter 17. Magnetic resonance imaging of the developing fetal brain structures
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Fetal magnetic resonance imaging
- Imaging of the fetal brain structures
- Application to other areas of development
- Key facts of fetal magnetic resonance imaging
- Summary points
- Chapter 18. Four-dimensional ultrasonography: methods, uses, and fetal neuroscience
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- The use of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography for fetal behavior evaluation
- Four-dimensional ultrasonography and its implications in the assessment of fetal neurobehavior
- The launch of Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental test by four-dimensional ultrasonography
- KANET applicability in clinical practice
- Normal fetal neurobehavior development in the first trimester of pregnancy
- Physiological variations of fetal neurobehavior during second and third trimesters of pregnancy
- Abnormal fetal brain development assessed with 4D US KANET results
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of fetoscopy
- Summary of points
- Chapter 19. Linking histology and neurological development of the fetal and infant brain
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Early fetal period (8–12 postconceptional weeks)
- Midfetal period (15–23 postconceptional weeks)
- Late fetal period: early preterm (24–32 postconceptional weeks)
- Late fetal period: late preterm (33–36 postconceptional weeks)
- The neonatal period: newborn at term
- Early infancy (1–3 months)
- Late infancy (4–12 months)
- Period of transition between infancy and early childhood
- Application to other areas of development
- Key facts of human cortical development
- Summary points
- Chapter 20. Development of corticospinal tract axons: from embryonic stage to adulthood
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Three-dimensional navigation of corticospinal tract
- Molecular pathways of corticospinal tract navigation
- Corticospinal tract connection and relays between upper and lower motor neurons to drive motor control
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of corticospinal tract development
- Key facts of spinal cord injury and its relation with corticospinal tract
- Summary points
- Chapter 21. Vascular endothelial growth factor and neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Applications to other areas of development
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascular endothelial growth factor effects on neurogenesis
- Conclusion
- Key facts of VEGF
- Summary points
- Chapter 22. Brain-wide connectivity architecture: developmental aspects
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Structural morphology and connectivity
- Brain function and connectivity
- Brain function
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of functional magnetic resonance imaging
- Summary points
- Chapter 23. Development and pathology of the germinal matrix
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Classifying germinal matrix hemorrhage
- Application to other areas of development
- Conclusion
- Key facts of germinal matrix physiology and pathology
- Summary points
- Chapter 24. Development of the GABAergic network in the mouse spinal cord
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- GABAergic synapses and GABAergic transmission
- GABAergic network in the mature spinal cord
- Development of GABAergic system in the spinal cord
- Discussion and conclusion
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of the GABAergic network development in the spinal cord
- Summary points
- Chapter 25. Postnatal development, electrophysiology, and sensory sural nerves
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Peripheral nervous system
- Myelination during development
- The sural nerve
- Systemic alterations in the development of sural nerves
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of the development of the sensory sural nerve
- Summary points
- Chapter 26. Neuroscience of developing axonal strata in the human fetal brain
- Introduction
- Histological basis
- Appearance of sagittal strata on magnetic resonance imaging
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of sagittal strata
- Summary points
- Chapter 27. Neuroactive steroids and neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of neuroactive steroids
- Summary points
- Chapter 28. Voltage and ligand-gated ion channels appearance and function in neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- The narrative of neocortex development with the prospect of ion channel role and function
- Spontaneous correlated activity: the basic property of developing brain
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of the excitatory role of GABAA during neurodevelopment
- Summary points
- Chapter 29. Features of white matter development in very preterm children from infancy to late childhood
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Brain development relative to the premature period
- Brain alterations detected in utero or shortly after birth
- Subtle alterations to white matter
- Conclusions
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts about periventricular leukomalacia following preterm birth
- Summary points
- Chapter 30. The medial pulvinar: A crucial player in the development of the primate brain
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
- Summary points
- Chapter 31. Cortical sulci in the human fetal brain and development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Theories of human sulcal folding development
- Early sulcal folds and sulcal pits
- Stable spatial distribution of early sulcal folds: relation to genetics and brain functions
- Specific spatiotemporal pattern of sulcal development in the human fetal brain
- Sulcal development analysis in the human fetal brain using magnetic resonance imaging
- Abnormal pattern of fetal cortical sulci in developmental brain disorders
- Future works in sulcal folding study in the human fetal brain
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of Fetal Cortical Folding
- Summary points
- Chapter 32. Causes and consequences of structural aberrations in cerebellar development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Cerebellar structure
- Cerebellar development
- Abnormal cerebellar development
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of abnormal cerebellar development
- Summary points
- Chapter 33. The developmental code of the cerebellothalamocortical tract
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Anatomical and functional features of the developing cerebellar network
- Targets of early cerebellar output; focus on cerebellothalamocortical development
- Cerebellar output modulates (patho-) physiological brain activity
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts about developing cerebellothalamocortical networks
- Summary points
- Chapter 34. Prenatal exposure to progestins: Impact on neurodevelopment of the child
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- The past: synthetic hormones, pregnancies, and psychiatric disorders in children after fetal exposure
- The present: action of progestin(s) on central nervous system
- The future: for the protection of future generations and for herself, women, whether pregnant or not, should be extremely vigilant about any kind of synthetic hormone therapy
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Part III. Physiological aspects
- Chapter 35. Brain lesion characteristics in relation to upper limb function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Key fact of mirror movements
- Summary points
- Chapter 36. Maternal exercise and brain development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Concluding remarks
- Summary points
- Chapter 37. Pyramidal neurons: physiology, pathophysiology, and postnatal development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- The ontogenesis and functional properties of pyramidal neurons
- Development of pyramidal neurons in relation to cognitive function
- Pyramidal neuron dysfunction in relation to developmental psychopathology
- Conclusion and future directions
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of pyramidal neurons
- Summary points
- Chapter 38. Working memory: Physiology and neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Development of anatomical and physiological signals related to working memory
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Chapter 39. EEG development during resting state
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Frequency changes of brain rhythms during maturation
- EEG is a diagnostic tool during development: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Summary points
- Chapter 40. Availability and metabolism of thyroid hormones in the developing brain
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Thyroid hormone availability to the brain
- Ontogeny of thyroid hormone action in the brain
- Maternal thyroid hormone action in the developing foetal cerebral cortex
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of thyroid hormones in brain development
- Summary points
- Part IV. Behavior and psychopathological aspects
- Chapter 41. Quality of life and psychosocial functioning in childhood stroke
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Functional and neurological outcome
- Psychosocial outcomes
- Quality of life
- Summary of psychosocial outcomes and health-related quality of life
- Clinical implications
- Conclusion
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of childhood stroke
- Summary points
- Chapter 42. Neuropsychological outcomes following childhood stroke
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Childhood stroke
- Neuropsychological functioning following childhood stroke
- Academic attainments
- Language
- Memory
- Visuospatial and visuomotor function
- Attention
- Executive function
- Risk factors associated with outcome following childhood stroke
- Summary of neuropsychological outcome in childhood stroke
- Clinical implications
- Future research
- Conclusion
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of childhood stroke
- Summary points
- Chapter 43. Youths with autism and working memory
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Autism spectrum disorder and working memory
- Neural correlates of working memory in autism spectrum disorder
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
- Magnetoencephalography
- Magnetoencephalography source analyses
- Magnetoencephalography oscillatory connectivity analyses
- Conclusions
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Chapter 44. Episodic memory development in normal and adverse environments: The importance of critical periods
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Age-related improvements in episodic memory function
- Maturation of the neural correlates of episodic memory
- Critical periods in memory development
- Key facts of episodic memory development
- Summary points
- Chapter 45. Cognitive aspects of Down syndrome
- Mini dictionary of terms
- Introduction and main text
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of Down syndrome
- Summary points
- Chapter 46. Adolescent neurocognitive development and cannabis use
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Normative adolescent neurocognitive development
- The endocannabinoid system
- Models of adolescent neurocognitive development and cannabis use
- Review of existing studies of adolescent cannabis use
- Methodological considerations and future directions
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of substance abuse and cannabis abuse
- Summary points
- Chapter 47. The role of social anxiety in autism and the broader autism phenotype: Evidence from childhood through adulthood
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Autism
- Social anxiety
- Comorbidity
- Broader autism phenotype
- Treating challenging co-occurring conditions
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of the comorbidity between autism and social anxiety disorder
- Summary points
- Chapter 48. The impact of touch on bonding and neurodevelopment
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Touch is pivotal for the offspring
- Peripheral and central processing of interpersonal touch
- The importance of touch at different stages of infantile development
- Key facts of affective touch
- Summary points
- Applications to other areas of development
- Chapter 49. Catch-up growth and neurobehavioral development of small-for-gestational-age infants
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Catch-up growth of small-for-gestational-age infants
- Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational-age infants
- Early childhood motor, language and cognitive development
- Early childhood behavioural development
- Cognitive function and academic performance during school age
- School-age behavioural development
- Problems during puberty and beyond
- How does the growth of the body affect the brain?
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts regarding catch-up growth
- Summary points
- Part V. Diet and nutrition
- Chapter 50. Caloric restriction and the developing brain
- Introduction
- Cellular mechanisms of caloric restriction action
- Brain mechanisms of caloric restriction
- Caloric (and food) restriction effects on the developing brain
- Applications of caloric (and food) restriction to other areas of development
- Chapter 51. The influence of maternal high-fat diet consumption on neurobehavioral development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Application to other areas of development
- Introduction
- Effects of maternal inflammation and placental lipids on fetal neurodevelopment
- Perturbations in the development of neural circuitry stemming from maternal high-fat diet
- Neurotransmitter systems
- Maternal high-fat diet exposure suppresses the development of offspring’s serotonergic system
- Maternal high-fat diet programming of the dopaminergic system
- Maternal high-fat diet influences early signaling pathways within the melanocortin system
- Conclusion
- Key facts about maternal western-style diet
- Summary points
- Chapter 52. Bone mineral density and nutritional factors in children with cerebral palsy
- Applications to other areas of development
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Classification
- Bone mineral density and the consumption of phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin D
- Key facts of bone mineral density
- Summary points
- Chapter 53. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: Linking the neurogenesis, hippocampus, and Down syndrome
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: a well-established neuroprotective agent
- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: a new role for neurodevelopmental alterations in Down syndrome
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of down syndrome
- Summary points
- Chapter 54. Folic acid to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Introduction
- Summary
- Applications to other areas of development
- Key facts of folic acid
- Key facts of anencephaly and spina bifida
- Summary points
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: May 29, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 684
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780128179864
- eBook ISBN: 9780128179871
CM
Colin R. Martin
VP
Victor R Preedy
RR
Rajkumar Rajendram
Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.
Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.
Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.