Extracellular Enzymes in Environments
Responses to Collaborative Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater
- 1st Edition - June 30, 2023
- Latest edition
- Authors: Shengyan Pu, Shibin Liu
- Language: English
Extracellular Enzymes in Environments: Responses to Collaborative Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater provides an overview of the functions, activities, and analys… Read more
Extracellular Enzymes in Environments: Responses to Collaborative Remediation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater provides an overview of the functions, activities, and analysis methods of enzymes in soil and water environments. In addition, the response of enzymes to environmental changes (e.g., contamination, remediation, climate change, fertilization) is also summarized based on experimental results. Spatial and temporal distribution of enzyme activities is assessed using in-situ zymography. Furthermore, variation of enzyme activities in hotspots (i.e., rhizosphere, detritusphere) and controlling factors are also summarized.
- Provides detailed information on the in-situ zymography technique, which can visualize enzyme activities in soil and water environments
- Quantifies distribution of enzyme activities in response to nano-metal oxides contamination and use of enzymes to evaluate remediating effect of various carbon-based biomass materials on heavy metal contamination
- Covers the responses of enzymes to environmental changes (e.g., contamination, remediation, climate change, and fertilization) are summarized
Scientists, academicians, technical resource persons, engineers and members of industry. Soil scientists, environmentalists, biogeochemists, hydrologists, biologists, hydrogeologists
1. Enzymes and their functions in soil and groundwater
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types and sources
1.2.1 Types
1.2.2 Sources
1.3 Kinetics, functions, and influencing factors
1.3.1 Enzyme kinetics
1.3.2 Functions of enzymes
1.3.3 Influencing factors of enzyme activities
1.4 Methods for visualizing enzyme activities: in situ zymography 000
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Materials and methods
1.4.3 Procedures
1.4.4 Combination with other visualization techniques
1.5 Enzymes and their relations with environmental researches
1.5.1 Effluent treatment and detoxification
1.5.2 Bioindicators for pollution monitoring
1.5.3 Biosensors
1.6 Conclusion
References
Further reading
2. Global climate change and enzyme activities
2.1 Global climate change and its mutual effects with the environment
2.1.1 Overview of global climate change
2.1.2 Impacts of global climate change
2.1.3 Feedback of soil and groundwater environment to global climate
change
2.1.4 Summary and outlook
2.2 Temperature sensitivity of enzyme activities
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes
2.2.3 Response of substrate affinity to temperature
2.2.4 Catalytic efficiency of enzymes as affected by temperature
2.2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
3. Response of enzyme activities to manure applications
3.1 Impact of manure on soil biochemical properties: a global synthesis
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Nutrient composition of manure and its effects on soil properties
3.1.3 Effects of manure application on enzyme activities
3.1.4 Soil pH and its influence on the manuring effect
3.1.5 Effects of soil, climate, management, and manure-related factors
on the soil biochemical properties
3.1.6 Summary
3.2 Spatiotemporal patterns of enzyme activities after manure application reflect
mechanisms of niche differentiation between plants and microorganisms
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Temporal response of enzyme activities to manure application
strategy
3.2.3 Spatial response of enzyme activities to manure application
strategies
3.2.4 Response of plants to manure application strategies
3.2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
4. Response of enzyme activities to metal/nanometal oxide
4.1 Effects of nanometal oxides on enzyme activity
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Overview of nanometal oxides
4.1.3 Effect of ENOPs on enzyme activity
4.1.4 Major pathways to affect enzyme activities
4.1.5 Main regulators of enzyme activity
4.1.6 Summary and outlook
4.2 Effect of exogenous lead contamination on microbial enzyme activity
in purple soil
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Change in content of available lead
4.2.3 Sensitivity of enzyme activity to lead contamination
4.2.4 Dose-effect relationship between enzyme activity and lead
concentration
4.2.5 Summary
4.3 Toxicity of nano-CuO particles to maize and microbial community largely
depends on its bioavailable fractions
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Response of plants to nano-CuO and CuSO4
4.3.3 Response of microbial community compositions to nano-CuO and
CuSO4
4.3.4 Responses of enzyme activities on the rhizoplane to nano-CuO and
CuSO4
4.3.5 Agricultural implications
4.3.6 Summary
4.4 Influences of nano-ZnO particles on plant and microbes grown in Pbcontaminated
soil
4.4.1 Impact of ZnO nanoparticles on soil lead bioavailability and
microbial properties
4.4.2 Effects of nano-ZnO addition on metal morphology and plant
growth in lead-contaminated soil
4.4.3 Summary
4.5 Effects of acid rain on heavy metal release and enzyme activity in
contaminated soil
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Effect of dynamic simulated acid rain on Cr(VI) release
characteristics and enzyme activity in contaminated soil
4.5.3 Effect of dynamic simulated acid rain on the release characteristics
and enzyme activity of Pb in contaminated soil
4.5.4 Summary
References
Further reading
5. Effect of biomass-based materials on enzyme activities in heavy
metal-contaminated environment
5.1 Spatial-temporal distribution of enzyme activities in heavy
metal-contaminated soil after application of organic fertilizers
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Impact of organic amendments on soil acidification
5.1.3 Impact of organic amendments on plant characteristics
5.1.4 Cr concentration and speciation in soil
5.1.5 Impact of organic amendments on enzyme activities and their
extent
5.1.6 Summary
5.2 Passivation and stabilization mechanism of calcium-based magnetic
biochar on soil Cr(VI) and its bioavailability
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Characterization of calcium-based magnetic biochar materials
5.2.3 Passivation and stabilization of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil with calciumbased
magnetic biochar
5.2.4 Effects of calcium-based magnetic biochar’s passivation and
stabilization on soil microbial activity
5.2.5 Effects of passivation and stabilization of calcium-based magnetic
biochar on plant growth
5.2.6 Summary
5.3 Immobilization and stabilization of lead-polluted soil by green tea biochar
supported with nZVI
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Preparation and characterization of green tea biochar-loaded
nano zero-valent iron
5.3.3 Study on lead-contaminated soil solidified and stabilized by green
tea biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron
5.3.4 Effects of green tea biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron on plants
and soil microorganisms
5.3.5 Summary
5.4 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on microbial community
and plant growth in copper-contaminated soil
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Preparation and characterization of biochar slow-release nitrogen
fertilizer
5.4.3 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on microbial
communities in copper-contaminated soil
5.4.4 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on plant growth
and rhizosphere enzyme activity characteristics in coppercontaminated
soil
5.4.5 Summary
References
Further reading
6. Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of soil and groundwater
6.1 Nutrient availability and relationships with enzyme activities in the
rhizosphere
6.1.1 Introduction
6.1.2 Soil biochemical and biological factors in the rhizosphere versus in
bulk soil
6.1.3 Effects of climatic factors and original soil properties on available
nutrients in the rhizosphere
6.1.4 Acidity and alkalinity neutralization in the rhizosphere modulates
nutrient availability
6.1.5 Nutrient depletion and accumulation in the rhizosphere
6.1.6 Nutrient availability within the rhizosphere is mediated by plant and
root characteristics
6.1.7 Microbial activities and community shift in the rhizosphere
6.1.8 Summary
6.2 Response mechanism of soil enzymes in plant rhizosphere to heavy-metal
pollution
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil and its main influencing factors
6.2.3 Research progress in response of soil enzymes in plant rhizosphere
to heavy metal pollution
6.2.4 Main influencing mechanism of heavy metals on enzyme activity in
rhizosphere soil
6.2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
Final remarks
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types and sources
1.2.1 Types
1.2.2 Sources
1.3 Kinetics, functions, and influencing factors
1.3.1 Enzyme kinetics
1.3.2 Functions of enzymes
1.3.3 Influencing factors of enzyme activities
1.4 Methods for visualizing enzyme activities: in situ zymography 000
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Materials and methods
1.4.3 Procedures
1.4.4 Combination with other visualization techniques
1.5 Enzymes and their relations with environmental researches
1.5.1 Effluent treatment and detoxification
1.5.2 Bioindicators for pollution monitoring
1.5.3 Biosensors
1.6 Conclusion
References
Further reading
2. Global climate change and enzyme activities
2.1 Global climate change and its mutual effects with the environment
2.1.1 Overview of global climate change
2.1.2 Impacts of global climate change
2.1.3 Feedback of soil and groundwater environment to global climate
change
2.1.4 Summary and outlook
2.2 Temperature sensitivity of enzyme activities
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes
2.2.3 Response of substrate affinity to temperature
2.2.4 Catalytic efficiency of enzymes as affected by temperature
2.2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
3. Response of enzyme activities to manure applications
3.1 Impact of manure on soil biochemical properties: a global synthesis
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Nutrient composition of manure and its effects on soil properties
3.1.3 Effects of manure application on enzyme activities
3.1.4 Soil pH and its influence on the manuring effect
3.1.5 Effects of soil, climate, management, and manure-related factors
on the soil biochemical properties
3.1.6 Summary
3.2 Spatiotemporal patterns of enzyme activities after manure application reflect
mechanisms of niche differentiation between plants and microorganisms
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Temporal response of enzyme activities to manure application
strategy
3.2.3 Spatial response of enzyme activities to manure application
strategies
3.2.4 Response of plants to manure application strategies
3.2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
4. Response of enzyme activities to metal/nanometal oxide
4.1 Effects of nanometal oxides on enzyme activity
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Overview of nanometal oxides
4.1.3 Effect of ENOPs on enzyme activity
4.1.4 Major pathways to affect enzyme activities
4.1.5 Main regulators of enzyme activity
4.1.6 Summary and outlook
4.2 Effect of exogenous lead contamination on microbial enzyme activity
in purple soil
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Change in content of available lead
4.2.3 Sensitivity of enzyme activity to lead contamination
4.2.4 Dose-effect relationship between enzyme activity and lead
concentration
4.2.5 Summary
4.3 Toxicity of nano-CuO particles to maize and microbial community largely
depends on its bioavailable fractions
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Response of plants to nano-CuO and CuSO4
4.3.3 Response of microbial community compositions to nano-CuO and
CuSO4
4.3.4 Responses of enzyme activities on the rhizoplane to nano-CuO and
CuSO4
4.3.5 Agricultural implications
4.3.6 Summary
4.4 Influences of nano-ZnO particles on plant and microbes grown in Pbcontaminated
soil
4.4.1 Impact of ZnO nanoparticles on soil lead bioavailability and
microbial properties
4.4.2 Effects of nano-ZnO addition on metal morphology and plant
growth in lead-contaminated soil
4.4.3 Summary
4.5 Effects of acid rain on heavy metal release and enzyme activity in
contaminated soil
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Effect of dynamic simulated acid rain on Cr(VI) release
characteristics and enzyme activity in contaminated soil
4.5.3 Effect of dynamic simulated acid rain on the release characteristics
and enzyme activity of Pb in contaminated soil
4.5.4 Summary
References
Further reading
5. Effect of biomass-based materials on enzyme activities in heavy
metal-contaminated environment
5.1 Spatial-temporal distribution of enzyme activities in heavy
metal-contaminated soil after application of organic fertilizers
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Impact of organic amendments on soil acidification
5.1.3 Impact of organic amendments on plant characteristics
5.1.4 Cr concentration and speciation in soil
5.1.5 Impact of organic amendments on enzyme activities and their
extent
5.1.6 Summary
5.2 Passivation and stabilization mechanism of calcium-based magnetic
biochar on soil Cr(VI) and its bioavailability
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Characterization of calcium-based magnetic biochar materials
5.2.3 Passivation and stabilization of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil with calciumbased
magnetic biochar
5.2.4 Effects of calcium-based magnetic biochar’s passivation and
stabilization on soil microbial activity
5.2.5 Effects of passivation and stabilization of calcium-based magnetic
biochar on plant growth
5.2.6 Summary
5.3 Immobilization and stabilization of lead-polluted soil by green tea biochar
supported with nZVI
5.3.1 Introduction
5.3.2 Preparation and characterization of green tea biochar-loaded
nano zero-valent iron
5.3.3 Study on lead-contaminated soil solidified and stabilized by green
tea biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron
5.3.4 Effects of green tea biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron on plants
and soil microorganisms
5.3.5 Summary
5.4 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on microbial community
and plant growth in copper-contaminated soil
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Preparation and characterization of biochar slow-release nitrogen
fertilizer
5.4.3 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on microbial
communities in copper-contaminated soil
5.4.4 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on plant growth
and rhizosphere enzyme activity characteristics in coppercontaminated
soil
5.4.5 Summary
References
Further reading
6. Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of soil and groundwater
6.1 Nutrient availability and relationships with enzyme activities in the
rhizosphere
6.1.1 Introduction
6.1.2 Soil biochemical and biological factors in the rhizosphere versus in
bulk soil
6.1.3 Effects of climatic factors and original soil properties on available
nutrients in the rhizosphere
6.1.4 Acidity and alkalinity neutralization in the rhizosphere modulates
nutrient availability
6.1.5 Nutrient depletion and accumulation in the rhizosphere
6.1.6 Nutrient availability within the rhizosphere is mediated by plant and
root characteristics
6.1.7 Microbial activities and community shift in the rhizosphere
6.1.8 Summary
6.2 Response mechanism of soil enzymes in plant rhizosphere to heavy-metal
pollution
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil and its main influencing factors
6.2.3 Research progress in response of soil enzymes in plant rhizosphere
to heavy metal pollution
6.2.4 Main influencing mechanism of heavy metals on enzyme activity in
rhizosphere soil
6.2.5 Summary
References
Further reading
Final remarks
- Edition: 1
- Latest edition
- Published: June 30, 2023
- Language: English
SP
Shengyan Pu
Professor and doctoral supervisor, is currently the deputy dean of the School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology. He has been engaged in research on the theory and technology of coordinated groundwater restoration of polluted sites for more than ten years. Research fields include the interactive pollution process of pollutants in water and soil media, the adsorption/desorption, migration transformation and fate behavior mechanism of water-soil-biointerface; collaborative control and joint restoration technology based on multidisciplinary theories and methods. At present, he has published more than 110 academic papers and more than 20 patents; he has presided over 5 projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 1 project of the National Key R&D Program, and more than 20 other projects. He has been selected as a Xiangjiang Scholar, Sichuan "Thousand Talents Program" Rongpiao Program, etc.; won the first "Young Scientist Award" of the Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences; the first prize (2020) and the second prize (2019) of the National Environmental Protection Science and Technology Award each item
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Doctoral supervisor, Deputy Dean, School of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, ChinaSL
Shibin Liu
Shibin Liu is an Associate Professor at Chengdu University of Technology. He got his Master’s degree from Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry and his PhD degree from the Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen. Dr Liu’s research focuses on the mechanisms of soil degradation and restoration. His main research areas include: (1) Effect of grassland degradation and subsequent restoration on soil properties and plant characteristics in the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Influence of organic fertilizer and its pyrolyzed biochar on soil biochemical properties and plant growth; (3) Fate and environmental behaviours of soil contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, microplastics and organic pollutants) and mechanisms of their remediation. Various methods (i.e., in-situ zymography, isotope labelling, 16S sRNA sequencing and so on) are involved in these studies. He has published 35 academic articles and presided or precipitated over 10 projects. He also serves as the youth editorial board members of several Chinese journals, i.e., Soil, Chinese Journal of Soil Science, Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment and review editor for Frontiers in Environmental Science.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor and Doctoral Supervisor, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, ChinaRead Extracellular Enzymes in Environments on ScienceDirect