Experimental Endocrinology

PrefaceChapter1 Introduction Sources of the Hormones Nature of the Hormones Action of the Hormones The Assay of Hormones Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Mechanisms of Action of Hormones Useful References in EndocrinologyChapter 2 The Estrogens Sites of Estrogen Formation Nature of the Estrogens Action of the Estrogens The Assay of Estrogen Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Antihormones Experiment 2-1. The Estrous Cycle Experiment 2-2. Cyclic Running Activity and the Estrous Cycle Experiment 2-3. Ovariectomy: Rat, Mouse, Guinea Pig Experiment 2-4. Bioassay of Estrogens by the Vaginal Smear Technique Experiment 2-5. Uterine Atrophy Following Castration Experiment 2-6. Bioassay of Estrogens by the Increase in Uterine Weight Experiment 2-7. The Effect of Estrogen on Oviduct Weight of the Immature Bird Experiment 2-8. A Microbioassay Estrogen Experiment 2-9. Suppressive Action of Various Steroids on Estradiol-Induced Uterine Growth Experiment 2-10. Weight, Water Content, and Spontaneous Activity of the Uterus during the Estrous Cycle Experiment 2-11. The Action of Estrogen on Serum Calcium Levels Experiment 2-12. Extraction and Purification of Estrogens from Urine Experiment 2-13. Modified Kober Reaction for Use with Purified Extracts Prepared in Experiment 2-12 Experiment 2-14. Extraction of Estrogens from Urine of Pregnancy (Simplified Procedure) Experiment 2-15. Colorimetric Estimation of Urinary Estrogens by the Kober Reaction (Simplified Procedure) Experiment 2-16. Fluorometric Estimation of Estrogens (Simplified Procedure) ReferencesChapter 3 The Progestogens Sites of Progestogen Formation Nature of the Progestogens Action of the Progestogens The Assay of Progestogens Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 3-1. The Induction of Pseudopregnancy Experiment 3-2. The Decidual Cell Reaction Experiment 3-3. Assay of Progesterone by the Decidual Cell Response Experiment 3-4. The Assay of Progesterone by Measures of Endometrial Proliferation Experiment 3-5. The Assay of Progestogens by Stromal Cell Hypertrophy of the Mouse Uterus Experiment 3-6. Assay of Progesterone by Estimation cf Carbonic Anhydrase of the Uterus Experiment 3-7. Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on the Maintenance of Gestation Experiment 3-8. Extraction and Estimation of Pregnanediol from Urine ReferencesChapter 4 Relaxin Sites of Relaxin Formation Nature of Relaxin Action of Relaxin The Assay of Relaxin Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 4-1. Relaxation of the Pubic Symphysis of the Guinea Pig Experiment 4-2. The Action of Relaxin on the Interpubic Ligament of the Mouse Experiment 4-3. Measurement of the Interpubic Ligament of the Mouse during Gestation Experiment 4-4. Inhibition of Contractions of the Uterus ReferencesChapter 5 The Androgens Sites of Androgen Production Nature of the Androgens Action of the Androgens The Assay of Androgens Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Antiandrogens Experiment 5-1. Orchidectomy in the Rodent Experiment 5-2. Caponization of the Cockerel Experiment 5-3. The Bioassay of Androgens by the Chick Comb Method Experiment 5-4. The Bioassay of Androgens in the Rat or Mouse Experiment 5—5. Androgenic Activity of Different Steroids Experiment 5-6. Total Neutral 17-Ketosteroid Determination Experiment 5-7. Myotropic Action of Androgens as Demonstrated by the Levator Ani Test Experiment 5-8. The Effect of Androgens on Renal ß-Glucuronidase Experiment 5-9. Electroejaculatory Test Experiment 5-10. Male Sexual Behavior Experiment 5—11. Fighting Behavior in Male Mice ReferencesChapter 6 Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Sites of Formation Nature of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Action of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Assay of the Medullary Hormones Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 6-1. Adrenal Demedullation Experiment 6-2. Liver Glycogenolysis Experiment 6-3. Effect of Catechol Amines on Blood Sugar Experiment 6-4. Effect of Epinephrine on Corticotropin Release Experiment 6-5. Smooth Muscle Contractions Experiment 6-6. Effect of Catechol Amines on Blood Pressure Experiment 6-7. Determination of Catechol Amines ReferencesChapter 7 The Adrenal Corticoids Sites of Formation of the Adrenal Corticoids The Nature of the Adrenal Corticoids Action of the Adrenal Corticoids The Assay of the Adrenal Corticoids Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Synthetic Corticoids and Anticorticoids Experiment 7-1. Adrenalectomy Experiment 7-2. Self-Selection of Drinking Fluids by the Adrenalectomized Rat Experiment 7-3. Survival of Adrenalectomized Rats Experiment 7-4. Survival at Low Temperature Experiment 7-5. Eosinophil Depletion Experiment 7-6. Muscle Work Experiment 7-7. Changes in Chemical Constituents of the Adrenal Gland Experiment 7-8. Histology and Histochemistry of the Adrenal Cortex Experiment 7-9. Paper Chromatographic Separation of Corticoids Experiment 7-10. Determination of Plasma and Adrenal Corticosterone in the Rat Experiment 7-11. Effect of Corticoids on Carbohydrate Metabolism: Steroid Diabetes in the Bird Experiment 7-12. Effect of Corticoids on Carbohydrate Metabolism: Deposition of Liver Glycogen in the Bird Experiment 7-13. Effect of Corticoids on Liver Glycogen Deposition in the Rat or Mouse ReferencesChapter 8 The Thyroid Hormones Site of Formation Nature of Thyroid Hormones Action of Thyroxine Assay of Thyroxine Biosynthesis, Mode of Action, and Metabolism of the Thyroid Hormone Antithyroidal Agents Experiment 8-1. Thyroidectomy in the Rat Experiment 8-2a. Oxygen Consumption in the Rat: Effect of Thyroid and Antithyroidal Agents Experiment 8-2b. Instructions for Using Respirometer Experiment 8-3. Influence of Thyroid Function on Survival under Anoxic Conditions Experiment 8-4. Metamorphosis of Tadpoles Experiment 8-5. Protein-Bound Iodine Experiment 8-6. Thyroid and Plasma Cholesterol Experiment 8-7. Rate of Radioiodine Uptake by the Thyroid Gland of the Rat Experiment 8-8. T3 Binding by Erythrocytes as a Diagnostic Test for Thyroid Function Experiment 8-9. Determination of the Rate of Thyroxine Secretion ReferencesChapter 9 Somatotropin, Corticotropin, and Thyrotropin Sites of Formation Nature of the Hormones Action of STH, ACTH, and TSH Assay of Somatotropin, Corticotropin, and Thyrotropin Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 9-1. Growth Stimulation in Mice or Rats Experiment 9-2. Preparation of a Pituitary Growth Hormone Extract Experiment 9-3. Response of the Tibia to Somatotropin Experiment 9-4. Effect of Corticotropin (ACTH) on Adrenal Weight of the Bird Experiment 9-4a. Effect of ACTH on the Adrenal Weight of the Rat Experiment 9-5. Effect of Corticotropin on Adrenal Ascorbic Acid and Cholesterol Levels Experiment 9-6. In Vitro Steroidogenesis with ACTH Experiment 9-7. Thyrotropin and the Thyroid Gland Weight of the Chick Experiment 9-8. Direct Measurement of Thyroid Epithelial Height as an Index of Thyrotropic Action Experiment 9-9. Experimental Exophthalmos in Fish Experiment 9-10. Thyroid Depletion of Radioiodine ReferencesChapter 10 The Gonadotropins Site of Formation Nature of the Gonadotropins Action of the Gonadotropins Assay of the Gonadotropins Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 10-1. Hypophysectomy, Parapharyngeal Approach Experiment 10-2. Hypophysectomy, Intra-aural Method Experiment 10-3. Hypophysectomy of the Chicken Experiment 10-4. Transplantation of the Hypophysis Experiment 10-5. Parabiosis in Rats Experiment 10-6. The Production of Electrolytic Lesions in the Hypothalamus Experiment 10-7. The Extraction of Human Pituitary Gonadotropins from Urine—Kaolin Adsorption Method Experiment 10-8. The Extraction of Human Pituitary Gonadotropins from Urine—Alcohol Precipitation Method Experiment 10-9. The Assay of FSH by Increase in Uterine Weight of the Mouse Experiment 10-10. The Assay of FSH by HCG Augmentation Experiment 10-11. The Assay of LH by Increase in Weight of the Ventral Prostate Gland of the Rat Experiment 10-12. Superovulation with LH or HCG Experiment 10-13. Assay of LH by Depletion of Ascorbic Acid of the Ovary Experiment 10-14. The Assay of HCG by Vaginal Cornification Experiment 10-15. The Assay of Prolactin by the Pigeon Crop Sac Method Experiment 10-16. Diagnosis of Pregnancy by the Presence of HCG in Urine References Chapter 11 Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Sites of Hormone Formation Nature of the Neurohypophyseal Hormones Action of the Neurohypophyseal Hormones The Assay of Posterior Pituitary Hormones Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Sites of Formation of MSH Nature of the Hormones of the Pars Intermedia Action of MSH The Assay of MSH Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 11—1. Effect of Oxytocin and Vasopressin on Uterine Contractility Experiment 11-2. Effect of Oxytocin on the Mammary Gland Experiment 11-3. Assay for Oxytocic Substances Experiment 11-4. Action of ADH in the Frog Experiment 11-5. The Assay of ADH in the Rat Experiment 11-6. The Assay of MSH by Use of the Melanophore Index ReferencesChapter 12 Parathormone Site of Formation Nature of Parathormone Action of Parathormone Assay of Parathormone Biogenesis, Metabolism, and Mechanism of Action Experiment 12-1. Parathyroidectomy Experiment 12-2. Withdrawal of Blood Experiment 12-3. Parathyroidectomy, Survival Time, and Serum Calcium Levels Experiment 12-4. Effect of Parathormone on Serum Calcium Experiment 12-5. Self-Selection of Calcium ReferencesChapter 13 Insulin and Glucagon Sites of Formation Nature of Insulin and Glucagon Action of the Pancreatic Hormones Assay of Pancreatic Hormones Metabolism and Mechanisms of Action Experiment 13-1. Pancreatectomy in the Rat Experiment 13-2. Analysis of Urine and Blood Experiment 13-3. Alloxan Diabetes Experiment 13-4. Insulin Convulsions in Mice Experiment 13-5. Insulin Hypoglycemia in the Rabbit Experiment 13-6. Insulin Hypoglycemia in Fish Experiment 13-7. Glucose Tolerance Response in Rats Experiment 13-8. Effect of Insulin on the Uptake of Glucose by Isolated Muscle Experiment 13-9. Hyperglycemic Agents ReferencesChapter 14 The Invertebrate Hormones Regulation of Molting and Growth in the Insecta Regulation of Molting and Growth in the Crustacea: X-Organ and Y-Organ Hormones Regulation of Reproduction; Hormones of the Corpus Allatum, X-Organ, and Medial Neurosecretory Brain Cells in Insects and Crustacea Pigmentary Controls in Crustacea Activity Rhythms Pheromones Regulation of Blood Carbohydrate Level Regulation of the Rate of Heart Beat Regulation of Water Balance Experiment 14-1. Puparium Formation in Diptera Experiment 14-2. Removal of the Lepidopteran Brain Experiment 14-3. Juvenile Hormone and Allatectomy of the Cockroach Experiment 14-4. Preparation of Isolated Abdomens of Lepidoptera Experiment 14-5. Crustacean Eyestalks and Molting Experiment 14-6. Eye Pigment Migration in Crustacea Experiment 14-7. Control of Chromatophores in Crustacea Experiment 14—8. Endocrine Control of Rhythmic Activity in Blattaria Experiment 14-9. Control of Timing in the Rhythmic Activity of Blattaria Experiment 14—10. Role of the Subesophageal Ganglia in Rhythmic Activity Experiment 14-11. Caste Determination in Termites ReferencesAppendix A-l. Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals A-2. Animal Hormones A-3. International Standard Units (IU) A-4. Steroid Structures and Nomenclature A-5. Vehicles for the Administration of Hormones A-6. Solubility of Some Common Steroid Hormones A-7. Anesthetic Dosage Table for Laboratory Animals A-8. Physiological Fluids for Isolated Tissues A-9. Miscellaneous Fluids A-10. Scheme for Marking Animals by Ear Punch A-ll. Sources and Maintenance of InvertebratesAuthor IndexSubject Index