Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine

Translational Research on Botanicals

2nd Edition - July 12, 2022

Editor: Pulok K. Mukherjee

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 5 4 2 - 6

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 4 5 6 - 0

Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicines: Translational Research on Botanicals brings together current thinking and practice in the characterization and validation of natural… Read more

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Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicines: Translational Research on Botanicals brings together current thinking and practice in the characterization and validation of natural products. The book describes different approaches and techniques for evaluating the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicine, particularly methods to assess their activity and understand compounds responsible and their probable underlying mechanisms of action. This book brings together the views, expertise and experiences of scientific experts in the field of medicinal plant research, hence it will be useful for researcher who want to know more about the natural lead with their validation and also useful to exploit traditional medicines.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Evidence-based validation of herbal medicine: Translational approach
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Healthcare through herbal medicine
2: Integrated approaches for development of herbal medicine
3: Use of herbs in TM
4: Globalization of TM
5: TM inspired drug discovery and drug development
6: Quality control and quality assurance of herbal medicine
7: Marker analysis and standardization of botanicals
8: Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine
9: Safety issues on herbal medicine-cytochrome P450 study
10: HERB-drug interactions
11: System biology and metabolomics
12: Translation of traditional medicine and trend
13: Traditional medicine as sustainable healthcare
14: International harmonization
15: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: New perspectives on value chains of herbal medicines—Ethnopharmacological and analytical challenges in a globalizing world
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: The concept of value chains
3: Medicinal plant value chains—Research needs
4: Medicinal plant value chains in Asia
5: Medicinal plant production in China and India
6: Supply, demand and sustainability
7: The tea value chain
8: The ginseng value chain
9: Plant metabolomics and analytical challenges
10: Discussion
References
Chapter 3: Ultrasound in identification of ADR in herbal medicine
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Liver toxicity
3: Kidney toxicity
4: Heart toxicity
5: Future scope and conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Phospholipid complexation: A versatile technique for delivery of phytomedicine
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Phospholipids and its importance
3: Bioactives from plant sources and their limitations/poor pharmacokinetic properties
4: Plant based phyto-phospholipid complexation technique
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Traditional herbal medicine, pharmacognosy, and pharmacopoeial standards: A discussion at the crossroads in the age of COVID
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Historical perspectives on traditional herbal medicine
3: Modern medicine—An American case history
4: Traditional herbal medicines: Centuries of empiricism
5: Traditional medicine: Therapeutics, definitions, and orientations
6: Standard of herbal drugs in early pharmacopoeias
7: Other qualitative factors not considered in pharmacopoeias
8: Preventive care and self-responsibility
9: What COVID has taught us regarding traditional medicine
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Taxonomy—An irreplaceable tool for validation of herbal medicine revisited
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Voucher specimens
3: Plant identification
4: Label requirements for botanical supplements and other materials in trade
5: The problem of lacking vouchers and incorrect identification
6: Problems with the lack of taxonomic attention
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Bioactive leads for skin aging—Current scenario and future perspectives
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Consequences of herbal cosmetic
3: Skin aging
4: Factor associated with skin aging
5: Photoprotective mechanism of bioactive molecules
6: Natural bioactive molecules against skin aging
7: Few medicinal plants useful in skin aging
8: Management of skin aging
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: DNA barcoding and metabarcoding for quality control of botanicals and derived herbal products
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Botanicals and derived herbal products
3: DNA barcoding and DNA metabarcoding
4: Plant barcoding and herbal food supplements
5: Concluding remarks and prospects
References
Chapter 9: Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines: The vigilance of tomorrow
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: A growing concern
3: Irrational use of herbal medicines
4: Importance of HM in the most dangerous pandemics
5: Contribution of HM to manage the most difficult pathologies such as cancerous disease
6: Herb-drug interactions
7: Communication
8: Phytovigilance: Curriculum, scientific research and career
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Validation of antiviral potential of herbal ethnomedicine
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Rationale for antiviral drug development
3: Developments of effective antiviral drugs
4: Medicinal plants as source of antiviral drugs: An overview
5: Methods for the validation of antiviral activity of plants
6: Future prospects and directions
References
Chapter 11: Harmonization of regulatory requirements in Europe to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicinal products
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: HMPC: Establishment and working structure
3: Basic legal definitions and access to the market
4: Monographs and list entries: Well-established use and traditional use
5: Procedure to establish monographs
6: Usage and acceptance of monographs
7: Guidance on quality, efficacy, and safety: Coordination
8: Outlook
References
Chapter 12: Medicinal plants in antimicrobial resistance—Perspectives towards drug development
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Extraction and isolation of metabolites for antimicrobial potentials
3: Identification of compounds
4: Bioassay: Methods commonly used for the screening of antimicrobial activity
5: Antimicrobial secondary metabolites
6: Antimicrobial drug development from natural origin
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Good quality and clinical practices for the future development of herbal medicines
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Quality issues: Lack of GMP or failure to comply with cGMP guidelines
3: Safety of herbal medicines in the United States, Europe, and Asia
4: Efficacy: The importance of randomized controlled clinical trials
5: Future outlook for herbal medicines
References
Chapter 14: Evaluation of bioactive compounds as AChE inhibitors from medicinal plants
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Cholinergic pathway
3: Cholinesterase inhibitors for learning and memory
4: Medicinal plants for the management of the cognitive disorders
5: Phytoconstituents for the management of cognitive disorder
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Validation of anti-malarial leads from natural products and traditional medicine for treatment of malaria
Abstract
1: Tropical diseases
2: Malaria
3: Drugs for treatment of malaria
4: Malaria prevention through vector control
5: Complementary and alternative medicine for treatment of malaria
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: TLC bioprofiling—A tool for quality evaluation of medicinal plants
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: TLC profiling
3: Hyphenations
4: Conclusions and future perspectives
References
Chapter 17: Obesity and lifestyle-related disorders beyond the stethoscope: Role of botanicals
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Prevalence and causes
3: Treatment strategies
4: Herbal medicine for the prevention and management of obesity
5: Capsaicin, capsaicinoids and capsinoids from capsicum
6: Mechanism of actions
7: Plant metabolites
8: Microbiome and herbal medicines in obesity and weight loss
9: Conclusion and future direction
References
Further reading
Chapter 18: Advances in applications of high-performance liquid chromatography in the analysis of herbal products
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
3: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)
4: Herbal products
5: Types of analysis of herbal products
6: Analysis of herbal products by high-performance, ultra-performance or ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, UPLC or UHPLC)
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter 19: Ayurveda—Translational approaches towards validation as sustainable healthcare practices
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Ayurveda (an eternal science)—Knowledge of longevity
2: Siddhanta (theoremic pillars in Ayurveda)
3: Mechanism of human body
4: Vikriti vijnana (pathological basics in Ayurveda)
5: Pharmacology of Ayurveda
6: Chikitsa (treatment aspect)
7: Swasthavritta (preventive aspect of health)
8: Scope of research in Ayurveda
9: Role of Ayurveda in COVID 19 – present Pandemic situation [87]
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of medicinal plants—Present scenario
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Withania somnifera
3: Panax ginseng
4: Ganoderma lucidum
5: Conclusion and perspectives
References
Chapter 21: Synergy and network pharmacology—Establishing the efficacy of herbal medicine
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Network pharmacology—Translation of traditional medicine
2: Chemical evaluation strategies for combination effects
3: Multi-target therapeutics in natural product
4: Molecular combinations in herbal medicine
5: Classification of combination effects
6: Underlying mechanisms of synergy
7: Systems pharmacology and metabolomics of herbal medicine
8: Combination synergy and network pharmacology of medicinal plants
9: Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Bioprospecting and bioassay-guided isolation of medicinal plants—A tool for drug discovery
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Bioactive molecules from medicinal plants
3: Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation
4: Drug discovery programs
5: Discussion and conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Discovery and development of lead compounds from natural sources using computational approaches
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Natural products in drug discovery
2: Computer-aided drug design
3: Natural product databases
4: Chemoinformatic studies
5: Identify active compounds and potential targets
6: Elucidate mechanism of action: Molecular modeling
7: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 24: African traditional herbal medicine: Addressing standardization and quality control challenges for product development
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Antiquity of African traditional medicine (ATM)
3: Facts of African traditional medicine (ATM) scope
4: Applicability of quality control (QC) measurement for ATM
5: Clinical research confirmation of safety and efficacy
6: Cultural health care and strategy protocols of traditional medicine
7: Selected African medicinal plants with commercial potential and aspects of QC
8: PHELA: An African traditional herbal mixture, its quality control studies
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Analytical platforms and methodologies in herbal metabolomics
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Metabolomics in herbal medicines research
3: Analytical platforms for herbal metabolomics
4: General considerations in sample collection and preparation
5: 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach in herbal analysis
6: LCMS-based metabolomics approach in herbal analysis
7: Data analysis and interpretation
8: Selected examples of metabolomics in evidence-base herbal medicines research
9: Going forward
References
Chapter 26: Infrared and near-infrared spectroscopic techniques for the quality control of herbal medicines
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Physical, optical and instrumental principles
3: MIR imaging spectroscopy
4: Chemometrics including data preprocessing
5: Advantages and disadvantages of MIR, NIR and imaging spectroscopy
6: Analytical applications
7: Qualitative analysis: Classification, discrimination and/or authentication
8: Fundamental research into the factors underlying analytical performance of NIR spectroscopy in the analysis of active compounds in medicinal plants
9: Applications of miniaturized NIR spectrometers
10: IR imaging spectroscopy studies
11: Regulatory issues
12: Current development trends and the prospects for the future
13: Summary
References
Chapter 27: Cyberecoethnopharmacolomics—An integrated approach to traditional medicine quality control
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Cyberecoethnopharmacolomics
3: Cyber aspects
4: Eco- and ethno- aspects
5: Pharmacol- aspects
6: The omics
7: Medicines security
8: Future initiatives
9: Conclusions
References
Chapter 28: Ethnopharmacological and therapeutic potential of Terminalia arjuna and Camellia sinensis against cardiovascular diseases: Evidence and experimental studies
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Herbal and plant products as medicinal drugs
3: Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna)
4: Green tea (Camellia sinensis)
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 29: Exploring medicinal plants for the development of natural enzyme inhibitors
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Potential enzymes-based inhibitors
3: Conclusion
References
Chapter 30: Validation of Thai traditional medicine: Current scenario
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: History of Thai Traditional medicine
2: Current situation of herbal medicine in Thailand
3: Herbal medicines at health services units in Thailand
4: Nutraceuticals
5: Cosmeceuticals
6: Herbal medicine research in Thailand
7: Research focused on Thai ancient remedies
8: Toxicological aspects of medicinal plants used in Thai Traditional Medicine
9: Petty patents of Thai medicinal plants/remedies
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 31: Application of NIR and Raman spectroscopy for quality evaluation and gradation of medicinal plants: Possibilities and challenges
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Medicinal plant products
3: Requirements in the medicinal plant industry for quality assessment
4: Brief introduction to NIR and Raman spectroscopy
5: Advantages and disadvantages of NIR spectroscopy
6: Applications of NIR spectroscopy
7: Advantages and disadvantages of Raman spectroscopy
8: Applications of Raman spectroscopy
9: Brief details of NIR instrument—Hardware description
10: Description of Raman spectrometer—Optical and electronic components
11: Differences between NIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy
12: Commercially available NIR and Raman spectrometers
13: Chemometrics
14: Case studies
15: Conclusion
References
Chapter 32: Evaluation of anti-biofilm formation and quorum sensing attenuation of herbal medicines
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Natural compounds with quorum sensing inhibitory activity
3: In silico docking studies
4: Studies on fungal biofilm formation
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 33: Clinical research on herbal/ASU/traditional drugs in India
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Historical aspects
3: Regulation of herbal and traditional medicines
4: Regulatory aspects on conducting the clinical trials
5: Good clinical practices (GCP) guidelines
6: Ethical issues
7: Limitation with herbal and traditional medicine with reference to clinical trials
8: Need of alternative approach for clinical trial on herbal and traditional medicine
9: Proposed methodologies for clinical trials on ayurvedic herbal drugs
10: Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 34: Biotransformation of natural products and its significance in drug development
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Biotransformation by whole cell cultures
3: Enzyme catalysis
4: Biotransformation as an in vitro model of mammalian drug metabolism
5: Conclusion and perspectives
Self-declaration certificate stating
Declaration of interest
References
Chapter 35: Methods of extraction of medicinal plants
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Medicinal plant raw material
3: Solvents
4: Methods of extraction
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 36: Essential oils and their components as sensitizers of multidrug resistant bacteria
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Essential oils/volatile compounds increasing antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
3: Essential oils/volatile compounds increasing antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant Escherichia coli
4: Essential oils/volatile compounds increasing antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5: Essential oils/volatile compounds increasing antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus
6: Essential oils/volatile compounds increasing antibiotic susceptibility of other resistant bacteria
7: Conclusions and perspectives
References
Chapter 37: Hyphenated analytical techniques for validation of herbal medicine
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
1: Hyphenation in instrumental analysis
2: Hyphenated techniques in natural product analysis—A new paradigm
3: Future perspectives
References
Index