Essentials of Medical Biochemistry

With Clinical Cases

2nd Edition - April 24, 2015
Authors: Chung Eun Ha, N. V. Bhagavan
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 6 6 8 7 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 6 6 9 7 - 4

Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, Second Edition: With Clinical Cases is the most condensed, yet detailed biochemistry overview available on the topic. It presents contemp… Read more

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Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, Second Edition: With Clinical Cases is the most condensed, yet detailed biochemistry overview available on the topic. It presents contemporary coverage of the fundamentals of biochemistry, emphasizing relevant physiologic and pathophysiologic biochemical concepts.

Pivotal clinical case studies aid in understanding basic science in the context of diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, and the text illuminates key topics in molecular immunology and hemostasis.

Users will find basic and fundamental concepts that will aid students and professionals in biochemistry, medicine, and other healthcare disciplines. the text is a useful refresher that will help users meet USMLE and other professional licensing examination requirements, providing thorough introductions, key points, multicolored illustrations of chemical structures and figures, fact-filled tables, and recommended reading lists.

Preface
Acknowledgments
- List of Authors
Chapter 1. The Human Organism: Organ Systems, Cells, Organelles, and Our Microbiota
- Key Points
- Organ Systems: Integrated Function at the Highest Level
- Cells: Structures and Functions
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 2. Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers
- Key Points
- Properties of Water
- Buffers
- H⁺ Concentration and pH
- Required Reading
Chapter 3. Amino Acids
- Key Points
- L-α-Amino Acids: Structure
- Classification
- Electrolyte and Acid–Base Properties
Chapter 4. Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins and Disorders of Protein Misfolding
- Key Points
- Covalent and Coordinate Covalent Bonds in Protein Structure
- Noncovalent Interactions in Protein Structure
- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
- Denaturation
- Conversion of Precursor Proteins to Active Proteins by Proteolysis
- Protease Inhibitors Used as Therapeutic Agents for Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections
- Protein Folding and Intracellular Degradation of Misfolded and Defective Proteins
- Autophagy
- Protein Misfolding and Fibrillogenic Diseases
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 5. Energetics of Biological Systems
- Key Points
- Thermodynamics
- Chemical Kinetics
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 6. Enzymes and Enzyme Regulation
- Key Points
- Nomenclature
- Catalysis
- Active Site and Enzyme–Substrate Complex
- Michaelis–Menten Model for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
- Inhibition
- Irreversible Inhibition
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 7. Clinical Enzymology and Biomarkers of Tissue Injury
- Key Points
- Diagnosis and Prognosis of Disease
- Serum and Plasma Markers in the Diagnosis of Tissue Damage
- Enzymes as Analytical Reagents
- Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 8. Simple Carbohydrates
- Key Points
- Classification
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 9. Heteropolysaccharides: Glycoconjugates, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids
- Key Points
- Glycoproteins
- Cell Membrane Constituents
- Cell-Surface Glycoproteins
- Serum Glycoproteins
- Molecular Mimicry of Oligosaccharides and Host Susceptibility
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 10. Connective Tissue: Fibrous and Nonfibrous Proteins and Proteoglycans
- Key Points
- Protein Fibers
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 11. Gastrointestinal Digestion and Absorption
- Key Points
- Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Gastrointestinal Hormones
- Digestion and Absorption of Major Food Substances
- Absorption of Water and Electrolytes
- Thermic Effect of Food
- Required Reading
Chapter 12. Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Glycolysis and the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
- Key Points
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate Metabolism
- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
- Required Reading
Chapter 13. Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Other Oxygen-Consuming Systems
- Key Points
- Mitochondrial Structure and Properties
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- The Mitochondrial Genome
- Nuclear Control of Respiratory Chain Expression
- Mitochondrial Diseases
- Other Reducing-Equivalent Transport and Oxygen-Consuming Systems
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 14. Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown, and Alternative Pathways
- Key Points
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycogen Metabolism
- Alternative Pathways of Glucose Metabolism and Hexose Interconversions
- Required Reading
Chapter 15. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
- Key Points
- Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids
- Metabolism of Ammonia
- Metabolism of Some Individual Amino Acids
- Required Reading
Chapter 16. Lipids I: Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
- Key Points
- Oxidation of Fatty Acids
- Other Pathways of Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
- Synthesis of Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
- Metabolism of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
- Trans-Fatty Acids
- Essential Fatty Acids
- Metabolism of Eicosanoids
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 17. Lipids II: Phospholipids, Glycosphingolipids, and Cholesterol
- Key Points
- Phospholipids
- Phosphatidylcholines
- Phosphosphingolipids
- Catabolism and Storage Disorders of Sphingolipids
- Phospholipids and Glycosphingolipids in Clinical Medicine
- Cholesterol
- Conversion of Acetyl-Coa to Hmg-Coa
Chapter 18. Lipids III: Plasma Lipoproteins
- Key Points
- Structure and Composition
- Metabolism
- Required Reading
Chapter 19. Contractile Systems
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Muscle Systems
- Nonmuscle Systems
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 20. Perturbations of Energy Metabolism: Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
- Key Points
- Energy Metabolism
- Obesity
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Required Reading
Chapter 21. Structure and Properties of DNA
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Chromosomes and Chromatin
- Recombinant DNA Technology
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 22. DNA Replication, Repair, and Mutagenesis
- Key Points
- Introduction
- General Features of DNA Replication
- The Enzymology of DNA Replication
- DNA Mutations and DNA Repair
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 23. RNA and Protein Synthesis
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Structure of RNA
- Messenger RNA
- Enzymatic Synthesis of RNA
- Prokaryotic Transcription
- Transcription in Eukaryotes
- Genetic Code
- Attachment of Amino Acid to tRNA Molecule
- Initiator tRNA Molecules and Selection of Initiation Codon
- Ribosomes
- Protein Synthesis
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 24. Regulation of Gene Expression
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Regulation of mRNA Synthesis
- Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
- Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
- Mechanisms of Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 25. Nucleotide Metabolism
- Key Points
- One-Carbon Metabolism
- Formation of 5-Phosphoribosyl-1-Pyrophosphate
- Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides
- Conversion of Nucleoside Monophosphates to Diphosphates and Triphosphates
- Formation of Purine Deoxyribonucleotides
- Regulation of Purine Biosynthesis
- Inhibitors of Purine Biosynthesis
- Catabolism of Purine Nucleotides
- Disorders of Purine Nucleotide Metabolism
- Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleotides
- Coordination of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Biosynthesis
- Catabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides
- Abnormalities of Pyrimidine Metabolism
Chapter 26. Hemoglobin
- Key Points
- Structure of Hemoglobins
- Functional Aspects of Hemoglobin
- Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin Structure and Synthesis
- Derivatives of Hemoglobin
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 27. Metabolism of Iron and Heme
- Key Points
- Iron Metabolism
- Heme Biosynthesis
- Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis
- Heme Catabolism
- Required Reading
Chapter 28. Endocrine Metabolism I: Introduction and Signal Transduction
- Key Points
- Hormonal Amines
- Peptide, Protein, and Glycoprotein Hormones
- Steroid Hormones
- Types of Hormone Receptors
- Cell Surface Receptors
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 29. Endocrine Metabolism II: Hypothalamus and Pituitary
- Key Points
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
- Required Reading
Chapter 30. Endocrine Metabolism III: Adrenal Glands
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Synthesis of Corticosteroids
- Adrenal Medulla
- Required Reading
Chapter 31. Endocrine Metabolism IV: Thyroid Gland
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
- Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
- Biological Actions of Thyroid Hormones
- Required Reading
Chapter 32. Endocrine Metabolism V: Reproductive System
- Key Points
- Sex Determination
- Testes
- Female Reproductive System
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 33. Immunology
- Key Points
- Introduction
- What Generates the Immune Response?
- Components of the Immune System
- Communication within the Immune Response
- The Complement System and Inflammation
- Antibodies
- B-Cell Development and Antibody Diversity
- T-Cell Development and T-Cell Receptor Diversity
- T-Cell Activation and Differentiation
- The Adaptive Immune Response: Specific Antibody Response
- The Adaptive Immune Response: Cell-Mediated Immune Response
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 34. Biochemistry of Hemostasis
- Key Points
- Hemostatic Response Occurs in Two Phases
- Hemostatic System Factors and Protein Structure/Function Relationships
- Reactions of the Coagulation Cascade: The Procoagulant Subsystem
- Shutting Off Coagulation: The Anticoagulant Subsystem
- Clot Removal: The Fibrinolytic Subsystem
- Vitamin K, Oral Anticoagulants, and their Mechanisms of Action
- Hemostatic System Dysfunction: Bleeding and Thrombosis
- Laboratory Assessment of Coagulation System Functions
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 35. Mineral Metabolism
- Key Points
- Calcium and Phosphorus
- Magnesium
- Essential Trace Elements
- Required Reading
- Enrichment Reading
Chapter 36. Vitamin Metabolism
- Key Points
- Introduction
- Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Required Reading
Chapter 37. Water, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance
- Key Points
- Water Metabolism
- Homeostatic Controls
- Water and Osmolality Controls
- Electrolyte Balance
- Acid–Base Balance
- Required Reading
Index

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