Essentials in Modern HPLC Separations

Dedication

Preface

Chapter 1. Basic Information about HPLC

1.1 Introduction to HPLC

1.2 Main Types of HPLC

1.3 Practice of HPLC

1.4 Overview of HPLC Instrumentation

References

Chapter 2. Parameters that Characterize HPLC Analysis

2.1 Parameters Related to HPLC Separation

2.2 Experimental Peak Characteristics in HPLC

References

Chapter 3. Equilibrium Types in HPLC

3.1 Partition Equilibrium

3.2 Adsorption Equilibrium

3.3 Equilibria Involving Ions

3.4 Equilibrium in Size-Exclusion Processes

3.5 The Influence of PH on Retention Equilibria

3.6 The Influence of Temperature on Retention Equilibria

References

Chapter 4. Intermolecular Interactions

4.1 Forces Between Ions and Molecules

4.2 Forces Between Molecules and a Surface

References

Chapter 5. Retention Mechanisms in Different HPLC Types

5.1 Retention in Reversed-Phase Chromatography

5.2 Retention and Separation Process in Ion-Pair Chromatograpy

5.3 Retention and Separation on Polar Stationary Phases

5.4 Retention Process in Ion-Exchange Chromatography

5.5 Separation Process in Chiral Chromatography

5.6 Retention Process in Size-Exclusion Chromatography

5.7 Retention Process in Other Chromatography Types

References

Chapter 6. Stationary Phases and Their Performance

6.1 Solid Supports for Stationary Phases

6.2 Reactions Used for Obtaining Active Groups of Stationary Phases

6.3 Properties of Stationary Phases and Columns

6.4 Hydrophobic Stationary Phases and Columns

6.5 Polar Stationary Phases and Columns

6.6 Stationary Phases and Columns for Ion-Exchange, Ion-Moderated, and Ligand-Exchange Chromatography

6.7 Stationary Phases and Columns for Chiral Chromatography

6.8 Stationary Phases and Columns for Size-Exclusion Chromatography

6.9 Stationary Phases and Columns in Immunoaffinity Chromatography

References

Chapter 7. Mobile Phases and Their Properties

7.1 Characterization of Liquids as Solvents

7.2 Additional Properties of Liquids Affecting Separation

7.3 Properties of the Mobile Phase of Importance in HPLC, not Related to Separation

7.4 Buffers and other Additives in HPLC

7.5 Gradient Elution

7.6 Mobile Phase in Reversed-Phase Chromatography

7.7 Mobile Phase in Ion-Pair Liquid Chromatography

7.8 Mobile Phase in HILIC and NPC

7.9 Mobile Phase in Ion-Exchange and Ion-Moderated Chromatography

7.10 Mobile Phase in Chiral Chromatography

7.11 Mobile Phase for Size-Exclusion Separations

References

Chapter 8. Solutes in HPLC

8.1 Nature of the Solute

8.2 Parameters for Solute Characterization in the Separation Process

8.3 Other Parameters for Solute Characterization

References

Chapter 9. HPLC Analysis

9.1 Chemical Nature of the Analytes and the Choice of HPLC Type

9.2 The Quantity of Sample Injected for HPLC Analysis

9.3 Estimation of Parameters Describing the Separation

9.4 Steps in Development and Implementation of an HPLC Separation

9.5 Separations by RP-HPLC

9.6 Separations by Ion-Pair Chromatography

9.7 Separations by HILIC and NPC

9.8 Separations by Ion-Exchange Chromatography

9.9 Chiral Separations

9.10 Separations by Size-Exclusion Chromatography

References

Symbols

Index