Essential and Toxic Element

Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease

1st Edition - October 22, 2013
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: Ananda S. Prasad
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 5 6 4 2 0 2 - 6
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 4 4 9 5 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 2 0 7 - 9

Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Volume II: Essential and Toxic Elements is a collection of papers presented at an international symposium on trace elements held in… Read more

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Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease, Volume II: Essential and Toxic Elements is a collection of papers presented at an international symposium on trace elements held in Detroit, Michigan on July 10-12, 1974. The symposium provided a forum for discussing the role of essential and toxic elements such as magnesium and chromium in human health and disease. Comprised of 21 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of magnesium deficiency and magnesium toxicity in humans, followed by an analysis of magnesium deficiency and its relation to calcium, parathyroid hormone, and bone metabolism. The reader is then introduced to the biochemistry and physiology of magnesium, along with chromium metabolism and its biochemical effects on humans. Subsequent chapters deal with the metabolism and biochemistry of selenium and sulfur; the health and disease implications of selenium and glutathione peroxidase; effect of pre-eruptive or post-eruptive fluoride administration on caries susceptibility in the rat; and perinatal effects of trace element deficiencies. The book also considers the basis of recommended dietary allowances for trace elements before concluding with a description of quantitative measures of the toxicity of mercury in humans. This book will be useful to physicians, researchers, nutritionists, and toxicologists.

List of Contributors

Preface

Contents of Volume I

26 Magnesium Deficiency and Magnesium Toxicity in Man

I. Introduction

II. Magnesium Deficiency

III. Magnesium Intoxication

IV. Summary

References

27 Magnesium Deficiency and Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone Interrelations

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Symptomatic Magnesium Deficiency in Man

III. Observations in Other Species

IV. Interrelationships among Magnesium, Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone, and Bone Metabolism

V. In Vitro Studies Relating Magnesium to Parathyroid Gland Activity

VI. Effect of Parathyroid Extract in Vivo

VII. Conclusion

References

28 Biochemistry and Physiology of Magnesium

I. Introduction

II. Biochemistry of Magnesium

III. Physiology of Magnesium

IV. Research Needs

References

29 Chromium Metabolism in Man and Biochemical Effects

I. Introduction

II. Role and Structure of Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF)

III. Evidence for Chromium Deficiency in Animals and Man

IV. Chromium Content of the Diet

V. Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Chromium

VI. Biological Effects of GTF Supplementation of the Diet

VII. Unsolved Problems and Research Needs

VIII. Summary

References

30 Selenium in Man

I. Introduction

II. Dietary Intake

III. Metabolism

IV. Tissue Levels

V. Deficiency

VI. Toxicity

VII. Medical Applications

VIII. Assessment of Selenium Status

IX. Research Needs

Addendum

References

31 Selected Aspects of the Comparative Metabolism and Biochemistry of Selenium and Sulfur

I. Introduction

II. Comparative Metabolism of Selenium and Sulfur

III. Comparative Biochemistry of Selenium and Sulfur

IV. Research Needs

References

32 Selenium and Glutathione Peroxidase in Health and Disease—A Review

I. Introduction

II. Properties of Glutathione Peroxidase

III. Assay of Glutathione Peroxidase

IV. Distribution of Glutathione Peroxidase

V. Cellular Functions of Glutathione Peroxidase

VI. Glutathione Peroxidase in Human Diseases

VII. Research Needs

References

33 Metabolism and Function of Manganese

I. Introduction

II. Metabolism of Manganese

III. Biochemical and Physiological Changes Associated with Manganese Deficiency

IV. Biochemical Function of Manganese

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

34 Fluoride Metabolism—Effect of Preeruptive or Posteruptive Fluoride Administration on Rat Caries Susceptibility

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

V. Conclusion

VI. Summary

References

35 Methodology of Trace Element Research

I. Introduction

II. Trace Element Diversity and Characteristics

III. The Essential Elements

IV. Naturally Occurring “Area” Problems with Trace Elements

V. Methodological Problems with Purified and Special Diets

References

36 Mineral Interrelationships

I. Introduction

II. Interaction of Trace Elements

III. Research Needs

References

37 Perinatal Effects of Trace Element Deficiencies

I. Introduction

II. Copper

III. Manganese

IV. Zinc

V. Magnesium

VI. Conclusion

References

38 Effects of Oral Contraceptive Agents on Trace Element Metabolism—A Review

I. Introduction

II. Oral Contraceptives and Trace Element Metabolism

III. Future Research Needs

References

39 Human Intake of Trace Elements

I. Introduction

II. Diet in the Trace Element Deficiency of Egyptians

III. Research Needs

References

40 Basis of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Trace Elements

I. Introduction

II. What Is a Recommended Dietary Allowance?

III. Considerations in Setting RDA

IV. RDA for Trace Elements

V. Need for More Knowledge on Which to Base RDA

References

41 Newer Trace Elements and Possible Application in Man

I. Introduction

II. Review and Discussion

III. Research Needs

References

42 Cadmium Metabolism—A Review of Aspects Pertinent to Evaluating Dietary Cadmium Intake by Man

I. Introduction

II. Present Knowledge of Cadmium Metabolism

III. Research and Information Needs

References

43 Review of Hypertension Induced in Animals by Chronic Ingestion of Cadmium

I. Introduction

II. Review of Hypertension Induced by Cadmium Feeding

III. Discussion

IV. Conclusions

References

44 The Chronic Toxicity of Cadmium

I. Introduction

II. Effects of Cadmium

III. Needs for Further Research

References

45 Metabolism and Toxicity of Lead

I. Introduction

II. Sources of Lead

III. Metabolic Effects

IV. Clinical Symptoms

V. Screening Methods

VI. Interaction with Other Nutrients

VII. Summary

References

46 Quantitative Measures of the Toxicity of Mercury in Man

I. Introduction

II. Dose-Response Relationships in Human Populations Exposed to Elemental Mercury Vapor or Methylmercury Compounds

III. Factors Affecting the Toxicity of Mercury in Man

IV. Research Needs

V. Summary

References

Author Index

Cumulative Subject Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Essential and Toxic Element

Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease

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Ananda S. Prasad

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