Equine Neurology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

Cover image

Title page

Table of Contents

Copyright

Contributors

Forthcoming Issues

Preface

Neurological Examination of Horses

Key points

Background

Equipment

History

Steps in the neurologic examination

Equine neurological examination summary

Clinics care points

Special Diagnostic Techniques in Equine Neurology (Radiography, Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Key points

Introduction

Radiography

Ultrasonography

Magnetic resonance imaging

Computed tomography

Clinics care points

Disclosure

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Horses

Key points

Introduction

Principles of transcranial stimulation, connecting neural circuits, and muscle motor-evoked potentials

Applications of transcranial stimulation in human medicine

Translational aspects of human applications in equine medicine

Guidelines for transcranial stimulation

Stimulation parameters

Muscle motor-evoked potentials

Equipment

Set-up for 4-limb transcranial muscle-MEP assessment

Measurement procedure

Examples

Interpretation of motor-evoked potentials

Concluding remarks

Clinics care points

Equine Neuroaxonal Dystrophy and Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy

Key points

History and nomenclature

Clinical presentation

Prevalence

Inheritance and genetics

Role of vitamin E and oxidative stress

Diagnosis

Treatment

Clinics care points

Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy

Introduction

Summary

Clinics Care Points

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

Key points

Introduction

Etiologic agents

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Clinical signs

Pathology

Diagnosis

Treatment

Prevention

Summary

Disclosure

Clostridial Diseases (Botulism and Tetanus)

Key points

Introduction

Tetanus

Clinics care points

Neurologic Disorders of the Foal

Key points

Neonatal encephalopathy

Clinical findings in neonatal encephalopathy

Clinics care points

Arboviral Equine Encephalitides

Key points

Introduction

Summary

Nonarboviral Equine Encephalitides

Key points

Introduction

Summary

Equine Herpesvirus-1 Myeloencephalopathy

Key points

Introduction

Cause

Epidemiology

Pathogenesis

Clinical signs

Diagnosis

Therapeutic strategies

Immunity and immune evasion

Control strategies

Summary

Clinics care points

Traumatic Nervous System Injury

Key points

Classification and mechanisms of injury

Clinical signs and diagnostics

Management and prognosis

Clinics care points

Rehabilitation Strategies for the Neurologic Horse

Key points

Introduction

Evaluation of the neurologic horse for rehabilitation protocol construction

Physiotherapeutic strategies to improve postural stability and balance acquity

Aquatic therapy

Whole-body vibration

Summary

Clinics care points

Supplementary Item 1. A sample evaluation checklist that can be incorporated for the thorough examination of the neurologic horse for rehabilitation protocol construction.

Vestibular Disease

Key points

Introduction

Vestibular disease

Movement Disorders and Cerebellar Abiotrophy

Key points

Introduction

Classification of movement disorders in horses

Clinical approach

Differential diagnoses

Specific movement disorders

Cerebellar abiotrophy

Supplementary data

Clinics Care Points

Pathologic Conditions of the Nervous System in Horses

Key points

Introduction

Discussion

Summary

Disclosure