
Epigenetics in Psychiatry
- 2nd Edition - August 21, 2021
- Editors: Jacob Peedicayil, Dennis R. Grayson, Dimitri Avramopoulos
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 5 7 7 - 5
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 3 5 7 8 - 2
Epigenetics in Psychiatry, Second Edition covers all major areas of psychiatry in which extensive epigenetic research has been performed, fully encompassing a diverse and maturing… Read more

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Request a sales quoteEpigenetics in Psychiatry, Second Edition covers all major areas of psychiatry in which extensive epigenetic research has been performed, fully encompassing a diverse and maturing field, including drug addiction, bipolar disorder, epidemiology, cognitive disorders, and the uses of putative epigenetic-based psychotropic drugs. Uniquely, each chapter correlates epigenetics with relevant advances across genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. The book acts as a catalyst for further research in this growing area of psychiatry.
This new edition has been fully revised to address recent advances in epigenetic understanding of psychiatric disorders, evoking data consortia (e.g., CommonMind, ATAC-seq), single cell analysis, and epigenome-wide association studies to empower new research. The book also examines epigenetic effects of the microbiome on psychiatric disorders, and the use of neuroimaging in studying the role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression. Ongoing advances in epigenetic therapy are explored in-depth.
- Fully revised to discuss new areas of research across neuronal stem cells, cognitive disorders, and transgenerational epigenetics in psychiatric disease
- Relates broad advances in psychiatric epigenetics to a modern understanding of the genome, transcriptome, and proteins
- Catalyzes knowledge discovery in both basic epigenetic biology and epigenetic targets for drug discovery
- Provides guidance in research methods and protocols, as well how to employ data from consortia, single cell analysis, and epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS)
- Features chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- About the editors
- Preface
- Section 1: General aspects of epigenetics in psychiatry
- Chapter 1. Introduction to epigenetics in psychiatry
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Genetics of psychiatric disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Bipolar disorder
- Major depressive disorder
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Genetic overlaps and phenotypic continuum
- Overview of genetics and connections to epigenetics
- Epigenetics in psychiatric disorders
- Nutrition
- Prenatal infection
- Stress
- Epigenetic versus genetic approaches to psychiatric disorders
- Moving epigenetics forward
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2. Outline of epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetics throughout the mammalian lifetime
- Classification of protein molecules of epigenetic changes
- Molecular mechanisms of epigenetics
- Clinical significance of DNA methylation
- Histone methylation
- Clinical significance of histone methylation
- Histone acetylation
- Clinical significance of histone acetylation
- Other histone modifications
- Clinical significance of other histone modifications
- Chromatin remodelers
- Clinical significance of chromatin remodeling
- MicroRNAs and small-interfering RNAs (RNAi)
- Clinical significance of micro RNAs and small interfering RNAs (RNAi)
- Non-coding RNAs and transposons
- Clinical significance of non-coding RNAs and transposons
- Other epigenetic proteins
- Clinical significance of other epigenetic proteins
- Epigenetics in therapy
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3. A brief history of epigenetics in psychiatry
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Erikson’s epigenetic principle
- Schizophrenia: the epigenetic puzzle
- Later theoretical developments
- Experimental (laboratory) studies on epigenetics in psychiatry
- The social environment and epigenetics in psychiatry
- Recent developments
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 4. Roles of epigenetics in the neural stem cell and neuron
- Abstract
- Outline of neural cell production during cortical development
- Epigenetic regulation of exit from cell proliferation cycle toward post-mitotic neurons during early cortical development
- Epigenetic regulation underlying properties of multipotent neural stem cells and their differentiation into upper layer cortical neurons and astrocytes
- Epigenetic regulation of postnatal oligodendrocyte differentiation and adult neurogenesis
- Combination of trans-acting epigenetic modifiers involved in epigenome formation
- Importance of focusing on epigenetics in neuronal functions
- Impact of epigenetic regulation on synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory
- Plasticity of epigenetic profile in neurons in response to extrinsic stimuli
- The robust identity of neurons defined by the epigenetic status
- Therapeutic approaches utilizing artificial neurogenesis
- Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 5. Role of epigenetics in the brain
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Role of epigenetics in evolution
- Role of epigenetics in brain development
- Brain development
- Epigenetics in early brain development
- Epigenetics in adult neurogenesis and later brain maturation
- Epigenetics and extrinsic factors regulating brain development
- Role of epigenetic mechanisms in brain function
- Epigenetics and memory
- Epigenetics and stress
- Epigenetics and cognitive dysfunction
- Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 6. Epigenetic epidemiology of psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Causal inference in epigenetic epidemiology
- Study designs in epigenetic epidemiology
- Methodologic issues to consider in epigenetic epidemiology
- Emerging literature and future directions
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 7. ATAC-seq and psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The assay for transposase accessible chromatin followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq)
- ATAC-seq in the study of brain development/homeostasis
- ATAC-seq in the study of disease models
- ATAC-seq in the study of human brain tissue
- Fundamentals of analyzing ATAC-seq data
- Future perspectives
- References
- Chapter 8. Single cell RNA sequencing in psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Neurodevelopment
- Major depressive disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 9. Single cell transcriptomics and epigenomics methods provide high resolution genomics profiling of brain disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Transcriptomics in single cells
- Epigenetics in single cells
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 10. Laboratory techniques in psychiatric epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction
- DNA methylation
- Chromatin
- Non-coding RNA
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 11. Laboratory epigenetic models of schizophrenia
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Mimicking schizophrenia: chronic D-lysergic acid diethylamide administration to simulate psychosis
- Laboratory
- In Vivo epigenetic models of schizophrenia
- In vitro epigenetic models of schizophrenia
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 12. Animal models of environmental manipulations causing epigenetic modifications that increase risk for major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Rationale for the use of rodent models
- Depression and anxiety-like phenotypes in rodents
- Prenatal exposures
- Other prenatal exposures
- Postnatal exposures
- Adulthood exposures
- Future directions
- Conclusions
- References
- Section 2: Epigenetics of psychiatric disorders
- Chapter 13. 5-Methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in psychiatric epigenetics
- Abstract
- Introduction to the epigenome
- Clinical relevance of epigenetic mechanisms
- CpG islands and DNA methylation
- DNA methylating enzymes
- DNMT1 overexpression in psychosis
- DNA methylation biomarkers
- Genome-wide methylation studies
- Genome-wide array-based methods
- Methylation of BDNF in psychiatric disorders
- Array-based studies for SZ
- Second generation methylation arrays and SZ
- Enrichment sequencing for studies of SZ
- Methylome-wide association studies of SZ
- Genome-wide studies of methylation in ASD
- Hydroxymethylcytosine, historical perspective
- 5hmC in psychiatric disorders
- Summary and conclusions
- References
- Chapter 14. Pathogenic histone modifications in schizophrenia are targets for therapy
- Abstract
- A short introduction to histone modifications
- Histone methylation and schizophrenia pathogenesis
- Aberrant histone acetylation in schizophrenia
- Other types of histone modifications associated with SCZ pathogenesis
- Current therapeutic targets modulating histone codes
- Methodological challenges of histone modification analyses
- Conclusion and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 15. Non-coding RNAs and psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Types and functions of non-coding RNAs
- Role of non-coding RNAs in the brain
- Role of non-coding RNAs in schizophrenia
- Studies on postmortem brain
- Studies on peripheral tissues
- Role of non-coding RNAs in bipolar disorder
- Role of non-coding RNAs in major depressive disorder
- Polymorphisms of genes encoding miRNAs associated with psychiatric disorders
- Conclusions and future directions
- References
- Chapter 16. Epigenetics of bipolar disorder
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Bipolar disorder (BD)
- Epigenetic mechanisms
- Epigenetic alterations in BD
- Evidence of epigenetic modifications in the treatment of the BD
- Future directions and perspectives
- References
- Chapter 17. Epigenetics of major depressive disorder
- Abstract
- Major depressive disorder
- Stress and the HPA axis
- Stress consequences
- Epigenetics
- Brain vs. peripheral tissues for epigenetic studies
- Stress and DNA methylation
- Major depressive disorder and DNA methylation
- Depression and histone modifications
- Summary and future directions
- References
- Chapter 18. The epigenetics of suicide: The critical impact of environment on epigenetic regulation in suicide
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The molecular consequences of early-life adversity: transcriptional regulation by epigenetic mechanisms
- Neurotrophic factors
- Alterations affecting other neurotransmitters and molecular substrates in the suicide brain
- Investigating genome wide DNA methylation patterns
- New epigenetic substrates and mechanisms
- Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 19. Epigenetics in posttraumatic stress disorder
- Abstract
- Introduction
- HPA axis in PTSD and stress-related disorders
- Epigenetic effects of stress
- Implications of epigenetics for the treatment of PTSD and related disorders
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 20. Epigenetics and cognitive disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction: role of epigenetics in memory and neurodegeneration
- DNA methylation
- Histone modifications
- DNA methylation changes and histone modifications in Alzheimer’s disease
- DNA methylation changes and histone modifications in Huntington’s disease
- DNA methylation changes and histone modifications in Parkinson’s disease
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 21. Epigenetics in intellectual disability
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definition of epigenetics
- Types of epigenetic disruption in ID
- Abnormal epigenetic silencing in ID
- Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators
- Summary and conclusions
- References
- Chapter 22. Epigenetics and pervasive developmental disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Common pathways and mechanisms in NDDs
- Epigenetics as an explanation of variability in developmental disorders
- Control of transcription is key in the process of gene expression and is the first line of epigenetic control
- Epigenetic mechanisms and intellectual and neurodevelopmental disabilities
- How do epigenetic modifications contribute to diversity?
- Examples of human neurodevelopmental disorders with autistic features linking epigenetics and phenotype variation
- What is the function of MeCP2?
- Epigenetics and imprinting disorders
- Epigenetic interactions between ASD and NDD conditions
- X-Linked disorders associated with ID
- Copy number variations
- Can drugs be developed for NDDs based on epigenetics?
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 23. Epigenetics in child psychiatry
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetics and pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders
- Prenatal human neurodevelopment
- Postnatal DNA methylation
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- ADHD medications and gene expression
- Epigenetic mechanism and treatment
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 24. Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction vulnerability
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic response to drugs of abuse
- Vulnerability to drug addiction
- Epigenetic inheritance of addiction
- Future directions
- Conclusions
- References
- Chapter 25. Alcohol use disorder and associated alterations in brain epigenetic marks
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Histone modifications in alcohol use disorder
- Non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications in alcohol use disorder
- DNA methylation: a novel biomarker for alcohol use disorder
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Section 3: Epigenetic effects of currently used psychotropic drugs
- Chapter 26. Epigenetic effects of currently used psychotropic drugs
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epigenetic effects of antipsychotics
- Epigenetic effects of anxiolytics
- Epigenetic effects of antidepressants
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Epigenetic effects of mood stabilizers
- Epigenetic effects of valproic acid
- Epigenetic effects of lithium salts
- Epigenetic effects of lamotrigine
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 27. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- DNA methylation and DNMTs
- DNA methylation and DNMTs in the developing and adult brain
- DNMT inhibitors: currently available drugs and their mechanisms of action
- Experimental use of DNMT inhibitors in neuroscience research: relevance for learning and memory
- Therapeutic potential of DNMT inhibitors in schizophrenia
- Therapeutic potential of DNMT inhibitors in depression
- Therapeutic potential of DNMT inhibitors in bipolar disorders
- Therapeutic potential of DNMT inhibitors in posttraumatic stress disorder
- Conclusions, future directions, and challenges
- References
- Chapter 28. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Psychiatric Disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- HATs and HDACs maintain transcription homeostasis
- HDACs
- HDAC types
- HDACs in normal brain, behavior and in psychopathology
- HDAC class IIa
- HDAC class IIb
- HDAC class III
- HDAC class IV
- HDAC inhibitors
- Clinical trials of HDACi
- HDACi tested in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders
- HDACi in psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
- HDACi in MDD
- HDACi in drug addiction
- HDACi in neurological disorders
- HDACi classes
- Short-chain fatty acids (COOH group)
- Hydroxamates (NHOH group)
- Linear cap hydroxamates
- Branched hydroxamates
- Hydroxamates with variable linker/linkerless regions
- Benzamides (PhNH2)
- Cyclic tetrapeptides
- Ketone group
- Constraints in the development of HDACi as therapeutics for CNS disorders
- Recent efforts to develop selective HDACi
- Design of future HDACi for psychiatric disorders
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 29. Epigenetics in psychotherapy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Findings linking psychotherapy with epigenetic changes
- Conclusion/future directions
- References
- Chapter 30. Functional genomics of psychiatric disease risk using genome engineering
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Identification of putative causal risk variants in neuropsychiatry
- Introduction to human induced pluripotent stem cells
- Genome engineering in neuropsychiatry
- Large-scale and high-throughput applications of CRISPR engineering
- Future advances towards large-scale functional validation of non-coding elements in brain cells
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- Conflict of interest
- References
- Section 4: Nutritional effects on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Chapter 31. Nutritional effects on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Nutritional epigenetics: the link between nutrition and epigenetics
- Effects of nutrition on DNA methylation
- Effect of nutrition on histone modifications
- Effects of nutrition on RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression
- Nutritional effects on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Effects of prenatal nutrition on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Effects of postnatal nutrition on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Transgenerational (heritable) effects of nutrition on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Clinical applications of nutritional effects on epigenetics in psychiatry
- Use of methyl donors in major depressive disorder
- Use of methyl donors in the treatment of major psychoses
- Use of methyl donors in cognitive disorders
- Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 32. Systems biology and the epigenetics of psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Relevance of systems biology in elucidating the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders
- Relevance of systems biology in identifying epigenetic biomarkers in psychiatric disorders
- Relevance of systems biology in identifying drugs for psychiatric disorders
- Current consortia and projects in psychiatric disorders involving systems biology
- Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 33. Transgenerational epigenetics and psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- A novel non-Mendelian mechanism of inheritance
- Evidence for transgenerational transmission of disease risk
- Molecular mechanisms for epigenetic inheritance
- Epigenetic inheritance of psychiatric disease-related behaviors in animal models
- Evidence for transgenerational transmission from human studies
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 34. Epigenetic aspects of the microbiota and psychiatric disorders
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Effects of the host on the microbiota
- Non-epigenetic effects of the microbiota on the host
- Epigenetic effects of the microbiota on the host
- Effects on DNA methylation
- Effects on histone modifications
- Effects on non-coding RNAs
- Epigenetic aspects of the microbiota and psychiatric disorders
- Epigenetic effects of the microbiota on brain development
- Epigenetic effects of the microbiota on normal behavior
- Non-epigenetic effects of the microbiota on psychiatric disorders
- Epigenetic effects of the microbiota on psychiatric disorders
- Concluding remarks
- References
- Index
- No. of pages: 846
- Language: English
- Edition: 2
- Published: August 21, 2021
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128235775
- eBook ISBN: 9780128235782
JP
Jacob Peedicayil
DG
Dennis R. Grayson
DA