Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation

1st Edition - October 19, 2015
Editors: Suming Huang, Michael D. Litt, C. Ann Blakey
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 7 9 9 9 5 8 - 6
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 4 7 1 - 5

Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation reviews current knowledge on the heritable molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, contribute to disease susceptib… Read more

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Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation
reviews current knowledge on the heritable molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, contribute to disease susceptibility, and point to potential treatment in future therapies.

The book shows how these heritable mechanisms allow individual cells to establish stable and unique patterns of gene expression that can be passed through cell divisions without DNA mutations, thereby establishing how different heritable patterns of gene regulation control cell differentiation and organogenesis, resulting in a distinct human organism with a variety of differing cellular functions and tissues.

The work begins with basic biology, encompasses methods, cellular and tissue organization, topical issues in epigenetic evolution and environmental epigenesis, and lastly clinical disease discovery and treatment.

Each highly illustrated chapter is organized to briefly summarize current research, provide appropriate pedagogical guidance, pertinent methods, relevant model organisms, and clinical examples.

Translational Epigenetics Series
Preface
Acknowledgment
Chapter 1. Epigenetic gene expression—an introduction
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Epigenetics
- 3. Future directions and challenges
- 4. Summary
Chapter 2. Histone modifications—models and mechanisms
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Chromatin
- 3. The nucleosome
- 4. Histones and global mechanisms
- 5. Summary
Chapter 3. Genomic imprinting in mammals—memories of generations past
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The life cycle of imprinted regions
- 3. Mechanisms of genomic imprinting
- 4. Top-down dissection of imprinted domains
- 5. Transcriptional interpretation of the imprint
- 6. Imprinting and human disease
- 7. Finding new imprinted genes
- 8. The evolution of imprinting
- 9. Conclusion
Chapter 4. Polycomb and Trithorax factors in transcriptional and epigenetic regulation
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Regulators of homeotic genes—PcG and TrxG proteins
- 3. PcG-mediated gene repression
- 4. TrxG-mediated transcriptional regulation
- 5. Targeting of PcG/TrxG complexes to chromatin
- 6. Crosstalk with other PTMs
- 7. Regulation of PcG/TrxG function by upstream signaling pathways
- 8. Concluding remarks and future perspective
Chapter 5. Chromatin dynamics and genome organization in development and disease
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Technology advances in unraveling chromosome architecture and genome organization
- 3. Proteins involved in genome organization
- 4. Intra- and interchromosomal interactions during development
- 5. Intra- and interchromosomal interactions during carcinogenesis
- 6. Closing remarks and future directions
Chapter 6. ncRNA function in chromatin organization
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Small ncRNAs
- 3. Long ncRNAs
- 4. Noncoding RNA-based gene regulation by allostery
- 5. Summary
Chapter 7. Epigenetic gene regulation and stem cell function
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The 3D nuclear architecture of stem cells
- 3. DNA methylation in stem cells
- 4. Histone modifications in stem cells
- 5. Conclusive remarks on the importance of epigenetic-based methods to optimize the use of stem and progenitor cells for regenerative medicine
Chapter 8. Epigenetic inheritance
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Dynamics of epigenetic information throughout the life cycle
- 3. Epigenetic inheritance in ciliates
- 4. Epigenetic inheritance via DNA modifications
- 5. Epigenetic inheritance via histone modifications
- 6. Epigenetic inheritance through noncoding RNA
- 7. Prions
- 8. Unknown mechanism studies
- 9. Conclusions
Chapter 9. Transgenerational epigenetic regulation by environmental factors in human diseases
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Epigenetic regulations during early development
- 3. Environment and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
- 4. Epigenetic diet and human diseases
- 5. Epigenetic inheritance of human diseases
- 6. Conclusions
Chapter 10. Identification of intergenic long noncoding RNA by deep sequencing
- 1. Introduction
- 2. An overview of methods for lncRNA detection
- 3. LincRNA identification based on RNA-seq
- 4. Regulation of lncRNA transcription
- 5. Future directions
Chapter 11. Regulation of erythroid cell differentiation by transcription factors, chromatin structure alterations, and noncoding RNA
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Erythroid cell differentiation
- 3. Hemoglobin
- 4. Heme synthesis
- 5. Red cell membrane
- 6. Regulation of gene expression during differentiation of erythroid cells
- 7. Conclusions
Chapter 12. Genetically altered cancer epigenome
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Histone modifications
- 3. DNA methylation
- 4. Nucleosome remodeling
- 5. Genome organization
- 6. Concluding remarks
Chapter 13. Long noncoding RNAs and carcinogenesis
- 1. Introduction
- 2. General features and mechanisms of action of the long noncoding RNA
- 3. Different functional strategies of lncRNAs
- 4. The long noncoding RNAs in cancer
- 5. Concluding remarks and perspectives
Chapter 14. Epigenetics of physiological and premature aging
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Epigenetics in aging: a broad outlook
- 3. Epigenetic mechanisms
- 4. Epigenetic regulation of cellular senescence
- 5. Convergence and divergence of epigenetic alterations to cause or control aging
- 6. Epigenetics and drug development
- 7. Conclusions
Chapter 15. Epigenetic effects of environment and diet
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Developmental origins of health and human disease
- 3. Epigenetic effects of environmental contaminants and toxins
- 4. Epigenetic effects of ethanol and tobacco exposure
- 5. Nutrition and DNA methylation
- 6. The Dutch famine
- 7. Maternal nutrition and fetal health
- 8. Folic acid and DNA methylation
- 9. Maternal nurturing and stress
Chapter 16. Epigenetic control of stress-induced apoptosis
- 1. Transcriptional regulation and apoptosis
- 2. Epigenetic control of proapoptotic genes during animal development
- 3. Epigenetic suppression of stress-responsive proapoptotic genes during tumorigenesis
- 4. Epigenetic regulation of anti-apoptotic genes
- 5. Epigenetics-based therapeutic strategies and derepression of proapoptotic genes
Chapter 17. Structure, regulation, and function of TET family proteins
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Structure of TET2
- 3. Enzymatic activity of TET family enzymes
- 4. Specificity of TET2
- 5. Posttranslational modification of TET2 and its interaction with other proteins
- 6. Regulation of TET2 activity
- 7. Regulation of TET2 expression
- 8. Biological function of TET2
- 9. TET2 gene mutations in hematological malignancies
- 10. TET2 gene mutations and solid tumors
- 11. Cooperation of TET2 gene mutation with other oncogenic mutations
- 12. TET2 and IDH1/2 gene mutations
- 13. Prognostic impact of TET2 gene mutations
- 14. Conclusion
Chapter 18. Epigenetic drugs for cancer therapy
- 1. Epigenetic pathways targeted for cancer therapy
- 2. Epigenetic drugs in clinic and clinical trials
- 3. Combined therapy
- 4. Closing remarks and future perspectives
List of acronyms and abbreviations
Glossary
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation

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Suming Huang

Michael D. Litt

C. Ann Blakey