Epidemiologic Methods
The Essentials
- 1st Edition - November 15, 2022
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Author: Stephen C. Newman
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 8 0 - 3
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 7 8 1 - 0
Epidemiologic Methods: The Essentials is a concise, but thorough volume that provides a solid grounding in core methodologic issues. The book takes a streamlined approach on cohort… Read more
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Request a sales quoteEpidemiologic Methods: The Essentials is a concise, but thorough volume that provides a solid grounding in core methodologic issues. The book takes a streamlined approach on cohort studies, case-control studies, prevalence studies, randomized trials, demographic studies of morbidity and mortality, ecologic studies, screening, effect modification, bias and confounding. Organized according to study design, with each chapter building on those preceding it, the book provides detailed examples throughout, using data tables and graphs to reinforce methodologic points.
- Focuses on the core topics of epidemiologic methods
- Presented in a logical sequence, with each chapter building on those that precede it
- Contains detailed examples, based on both published and hypothetical studies
- Mathematical details relegated to appendices
Students in Public Health, fellows, residents, and faculty in all medical disciplines interested in clinical, epidemiological and basic research, Anyone involved in clinical trials, government agencies responsible for monitoring population health
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Classic Studies in Epidemiology
- Abstract
- 1.1. Lind Scurvy Trial
- 1.2. Semmelweis Puerperal Fever Study
- 1.3. Farr Cholera Study
- 1.4. Snow Cholera Study
- 1.5. Lane-Claypon Breast Cancer Study
- 1.6. Doll and Hill Lung Cancer Study
- 1.7. National Health Survey
- 1.8. MRC Streptomycin Trial
- 1.9. Salk Polio Vaccine Trial
- 1.10. Newburgh-Kingston Fluoride Trial
- 1.11. Framingham Heart Study
- References
- Chapter 2: Preliminaries
- Abstract
- 2.1. Natural History of Disease
- 2.2. Association and Causation
- 2.3. Types of Epidemiologic Studies
- 2.4. Weighted Averages
- 2.5. Sampling
- 2.6. Source Populations and Target Populations
- 2.7. Study Error
- References
- Chapter 3: Prevalence Studies
- Abstract
- 3.1. Prevalence
- 3.2. Bias in Prevalence Studies
- References
- Chapter 4: Cohort Studies
- Abstract
- 4.1. Closed Cohort Studies
- 4.2. Open Cohort Studies
- 4.3. Choosing a Measure of Effect
- References
- Chapter 5: Populations
- Abstract
- 5.1. Incidence Rates
- 5.2. Direct Standardization
- 5.3. Indirect Standardization
- 5.4. Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
- 5.5. Prevalence = Incidence × Duration
- 5.6. Cross-Sectional Studies
- References
- Chapter 6: Effect Modification in Cohort Studies
- Abstract
- 6.1. Effect Modification and Homogeneity
- 6.2. Effect Modification and Different Exposures
- 6.3. Effect Modification and Different Measures of Effect
- 6.4. Mathematical Models and Interaction
- 6.5. Qualitative Effect Modification
- References
- Chapter 7: Standardization in Cohort Studies
- Abstract
- 7.1. Closed Cohort Studies
- 7.2. Open Cohort Studies
- References
- Chapter 8: Confounding in Cohort Studies - Part I
- Abstract
- 8.1. Causal Diagram Confounding
- 8.2. Counterfactual Confounding in Closed Cohort Studies
- 8.3. Classical Confounding in Closed Cohort Studies
- 8.4. Counterfactual and Classical Confounding in Closed Cohort Studies
- 8.5. Collapsibility in Closed Cohort Studies
- 8.6. Choosing a Definition of Confounding
- 8.7. Classical Confounding in Stationary Populations
- References
- Chapter 9: Confounding in Cohort Studies - Part II
- Abstract
- 9.1. Attributable Fractions in Closed Cohort Studies
- 9.2. Unmeasured Confounders in Closed Cohort Studies
- 9.3. Controlling Confounding in Cohort Studies
- References
- Chapter 10: Bias in Cohort Studies
- Abstract
- 10.1. Selection Bias
- 10.2. Information Bias
- References
- Chapter 11: Randomized Trials
- Abstract
- 11.1. Randomized Clinical Trials
- 11.2. Randomized Field Trials
- 11.3. Community Intervention Trials
- References
- Chapter 12: Case-Control Studies - Part I
- Abstract
- 12.1. Case-Control Studies Embedded in Cohort Studies
- 12.2. Population-Based Case-Control Studies
- 12.3. Hospital-Based Case-Control Studies
- 12.4. Case-Control Studies in a Stationary Population
- 12.5. Ratio of Controls to Cases
- References
- Chapter 13: Case-Control Studies - Part II
- Abstract
- 13.1. Bias in Case-Control Studies
- 13.2. Stratification in Case-Control Studies
- Effect Modification
- 13.3. Confounding in Case-Control Studies
- 13.4. Controlling Confounding in Case-Control Studies
- References
- Chapter 14: Ecologic Studies
- Abstract
- Example: Ecologic Study of Fluoride and Caries
- Example: Ecologic Study of Birth Weight and Infant Mortality
- 14.1. Ecologic Bias
- References
- Chapter 15: Screening in Populations
- Abstract
- 15.1. Natural History of Disease
- 15.2. Screening Programs
- 15.3. Validity of Screening Tests
- 15.4. Reliability of Screening Tests
- 15.5. Randomized Screening Trials
- References
- Appendix A: Appendix for Chapter 2
- Bracket Convention
- A.1. Proof of Item 1 of Section 2.4
- Appendix B: Appendix for Chapter 3
- B.1. Proof of (3.5)
- Appendix C: Appendix for Chapter 4
- C.1. Proof of (4.4)–(4.6)
- C.2. Proof of (4.10)
- Appendix D: Appendix for Chapter 5
- D.1. Proof of (5.8)
- D.2. sIR is a Weighted Average
- D.3. Proof of (5.18)
- Appendix E: Appendix for Chapter 6
- E.1. Proof of (6.6)
- E.2. Proof of (6.7)
- E.3. Proof of (6.8)
- E.4. Proof of (6.11)
- E.5. Proof of (6.15)
- Appendix F: Appendix for Chapter 7
- F.1. sRR, sRD, RRMH, ORMH, RDMH are Weighted Averages
- F.2. sIR, sID, IRMH, IDMH are Weighted Averages
- F.3. Proof of (7.11)
- Appendix G: Appendix for Chapter 8
- G.1. Proof of (8.2)
- G.2. Proof of (8.3)
- G.3. Proof of Item 1 of Section 8.4
- G.4. Proof of Item 2 of Section 8.4
- G.5. Proof of Item 1 of Section 8.5
- G.6. Proof of Item 2 of Section 8.5
- Appendix H: Appendix for Chapter 9
- H.1. No Counterfactual Confounding Implies a0(1)=R0n1
- H.2. Proof of (9.7)
- H.3. Proof of (9.5)
- H.4. Proof of First Equality in (9.8)
- H.5. Proof of Second Equality in (9.8)
- H.6. Proof of First Equality in (9.6)
- H.7. Proof of Second Equality in (9.6)
- H.8. Proof of (9.9)
- Appendix I: Appendix for Chapter 10
- I.1. Proof of (10.1)
- I.2. Proof of (10.2)
- I.3. Proof of (10.3)
- I.4. Proof of (10.4)
- I.5. OR⋆=1 is Equivalent to OR=1
- I.6. Formula for OR⋆/OR in Fig. 10.1
- Appendix J: Appendix for Chapter 12
- J.1. Proof of (12.5)
- Appendix K: Appendix for Chapter 13
- K.1. Proof of (13.1)
- K.2. OR˜⋆=1 is Equivalent to OR=1
- K.3. Formula for OR˜⋆/OR in Fig. 13.2
- K.4. Proof of (13.3)
- K.5. Proof of (13.4)
- K.6. sOR˜ is a Weighted Average
- K.7. Proof of (13.6)
- K.8. Proof of (13.7)
- K.9. OR˜≠sOR˜ if and Only if R0≠R0(1) in Case-Cohort Studies
- K.10. Proof of (13.8)
- K.11. Proof of (13.9)
- Appendix L: Appendix for Chapter 14
- L.1. Proof of (14.5)
- Appendix M: Appendix for Chapter 15
- M.1. Proof of (15.3)
- M.2. Proof of (15.7)
- M.3. Raters are Perfectly Valid or Perfectly Invalid
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 15, 2022
- No. of pages (Paperback): 256
- No. of pages (eBook): 256
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443187803
- eBook ISBN: 9780443187810
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Stephen C. Newman
Dr. Stephen Newman is Emeritus Professor at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. His primary appointment was in the Department of Psychiatry, with a cross-appointment in what is now the School of Public Health, where he taught courses on advanced epidemiologic methods and biostatistics. His research was in the areas of community-based psychiatric epidemiology and epidemiologic methodology. He has published three books, all with John Wiley & Sons. Biostatistical Methods in Epidemiology, published in 2001, is an advanced undergraduate or graduate text on the core biostatistical methods used by epidemiologists. A Classical Introduction to Galois Theory, published in 2012, is an undergraduate text on a profoundly beautiful topic in modern algebra. Semi-Riemannian Geometry, published in 2019, is an advanced undergraduate or graduate text on the mathematics underlying the theory of relativity.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor Emeritus, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaRead Epidemiologic Methods on ScienceDirect