Enzymatic Plastic Degradation

1st Edition, Volume 648 - February 10, 2021
Editors: Gert Weber, Uwe T. Bornscheuer, Ren Wei
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 0 1 2 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 0 1 3 - 9

Enzymatic Plastic Degradation, Volume 648 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with chapters authored by leaders in the field. Chapte… Read more

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Enzymatic Plastic Degradation, Volume 648 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with chapters authored by leaders in the field. Chapters in this latest release include Evaluating plastic pollution and environmental degradation, Assessment methods for microplastic pollution in the oceans and fresh water, Exploring microbial consortia from various environments for plastic degradation, Characterization of filamentous fungi for attack on synthetic polymers via biological Fenton chemistry, Synthesis of radioactive-labeled nanoplastics for assaying the environmental (microbial) PS degradation, Exploring metagenome for plastic degrading enzymes, Cutinases from thermophilic bacteria (actinomycetes): from identification to functional and structural characterization, and much more.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter One: Current status and future development of plastics: Solutions for a circular economy and limitations of environmental degradation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Definitions
3: Biodegradation and biodegradability—Explanations and limits
4: Current plastic market and production
5: Plastic recycling
6: Plastic waste and disposal
7: Mismanagement of plastic disposal and recycling—Plastic littering
8: Political actions against plastic littering
9: Conclusion and future development
10: Methods
Chapter Two: Methods for microplastic sampling and analysis in the seawater and fresh water environment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Water sample collection methods
3: Sample pretreatment before identification
4: Sample identification
5: Data reporting
6: Blank and contamination control
7: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Three: Exploring microbial consortia from various environments for plastic degradation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Enrichment and cultivation of aerobic plastic-degrading consortia
3: Enrichment and cultivation of anaerobic plastic-degrading consortia
4: Future perspectives
Chapter Four: Cultivation of filamentous fungi for attack on synthetic polymers via biological Fenton chemistry
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Rationale for the cultivation of fungi for Fenton chemistry-dependent attack on synthetic polymers
3: Materials, equipment and reagents
4: Protocols
5: Safety considerations
6: Applicable analytical methods to detect fungal effects on polymers
7: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Five: Characterization of biodegradation of plastics in insect larvae
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Biodegradation of plastics in Tenebrio molitor
3: Analytical methods for plastic biodegradation
4: Protocols for the characterization of plastic degradation by T. molitor larvae
5: Results and analysis
6: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Six: Quantification of polystyrene plastics degradation using 14C isotope tracer technique
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Protocols
3: Summary and outlook
4: Safety notes
Acknowledgments
Chapter Seven: Exploring the global metagenome for plastic-degrading enzymes
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials
3: Methods
4: Notes
5: Outlook and summary
Chapter Eight: Cutinases from thermophilic bacteria (actinomycetes): From identification to functional and structural characterization
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Identification of thermophilic cutinases
3: Structural and thermodynamic analysis of PET-hydrolyzing cutinases
4: Protocols
5: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Nine: Ideonella sakaiensis, PETase, and MHETase: From identification of microbial PET degradation to enzyme characterization
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Screening microorganisms that degrade PET and isolation of microbial consortium no. 46
3: Isolation of I. sakaiensis 201-F6 from microbial consortium no. 46
4: Detection of microbial PET degradation
5: Characterization of PETase and MHETase
6: Summary
Chapter Ten: GRAPE, a greedy accumulated strategy for computational protein engineering
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials
3: Methods
4: Notes
5: Summary
Chapter Eleven: Mechanistic investigation of enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate by nuclear magnetic resonance
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: 1H solution NMR analysis to quantify PET chain scissions
3: Solid-state NMR analysis to determine PET chain conformation and dynamics
4: Summary
Chapter Twelve: Fluorimetric high-throughput screening method for polyester hydrolase activity using polyethylene terephthalate nanoparticles
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: PET nanoparticles: Generation, application, and characterization
3: Fluorimetric high-throughput screening assay
4: Materials, equipment, and reagents
5: Protocols
Acknowledgments
Chapter Thirteen: Anchor peptides promote degradation of mixed plastics for recycling
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Engineering the adhesion peptide binding modules for enhanced polymer absorption and enzymatic degradation
3: Equipment
4: Materials
5: Protocol
6: Summary and outlook
Acknowledgments
Chapter Fourteen: Tuning of adsorption of enzymes to polymer
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Expression and purification of polymer degrading hydrolases
3: Surface engineering by site-directed mutagenesis
4: Fusion of hydrophobic binding domains
5: Enzyme truncation and mutagenesis of the metal-binding site
6: Summary
Chapter Fifteen: Characterization of the enzymatic degradation of polyurethanes
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Materials, equipment and reagents
3: Protocol
4: Safety considerations and standards
5: Analysis and statistics
6: Pros and cons
7: Alternative methods/procedures
8: Troubleshooting and optimization
9: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Sixteen: Structural analysis of PET-degrading enzymes PETase and MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methods background
3: Expression and purification
4: Crystallization
5: Modeling of a PETase-BHET complex
6: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Seventeen: Structural and functional characterization of nylon hydrolases
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Screening of microorganisms and enzymes degrading nylon-related compounds
3: Preparation of oligomeric and polymeric substrates for enzyme assays
4: Enzymatic hydrolysis of nylons and related substrates
5: Structural analysis of 6-aminohexanoate dimer hydrolase NylB
6: Protocol
7: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Eighteen: Upcycling of hydrolyzed PET by microbial conversion to a fatty acid derivative
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Protocols
3: Conclusion
Chapter Nineteen: Screening and cultivating microbial strains able to grow on building blocks of polyurethane
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Methods
3: Outlook
Acknowledgment
Chapter Twenty: Engineering microalgae as a whole cell catalyst for PET degradation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Microalgae as phototrophic cell factories for recombinant protein production
3: Introducing the PETase gene into the genome of a diatom
4: Protocol
5: Analysis of enzymatic plastic degradation
6: Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter Twenty-One: Yeast cell surface display of bacterial PET hydrolase as a sustainable biocatalyst for the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Protocols
Acknowledgment

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Enzymatic Plastic Degradation

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Gert Weber

Uwe T. Bornscheuer

Ren Wei