Environmental Soil Chemistry

3rd Edition - December 23, 2022
Imprint: Academic Press
Authors: Donald L. Sparks, Balwant Singh, Matthew G. Siebecker
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 4 0 3 4 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 4 0 3 5 - 8

Environmental Soil Chemistry, Third Edition provides an up-to-date overview of the interdisciplinary field of environmental soil chemistry. This classic text covers the fundament… Read more

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Environmental Soil Chemistry, Third Edition provides an up-to-date overview of the interdisciplinary field of environmental soil chemistry. This classic text covers the fundamental principles of soil chemistry, including the inorganic and organic components of soil, soil porewater chemistry, interfacial chemical reactions between solids and dissolved ions/molecules, ion exchange, and the kinetics of the soil chemical process, such as sorption and redox. Soil acidity and salinity are also discussed. This fully updated third edition places particular emphasis on environmental reactions between clay minerals, metal oxides, and soil organic matter with heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial contaminants.

This text provides the latest technological advances representing the cutting edge of the science. Completely updated throughout with new content and updated full color figures, the third edition contains expanded information on soil minerals and an increased emphasis on the coupling between chemical and biological reactions, mechanisms, and processes. This third edition provides upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in soil science with sound contemporary training in the basics of soil chemistry and applications to real-world environmental concerns. The book offers a competitive advantage for those students looking to incorporate novel, advanced tools into their research.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
About the Cover
About the Authors
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Environmental Soil Chemistry
1.1. Environmental Soil Chemistry: An Interdisciplinary Science
1.2. Major Developments in Soil Chemistry
1.3. Soil: A Three-Phase System
1.4. Soil: The Role of Soils in Environmental and Ecosystem Services
1.5. The Periodic Table
1.6. Units, Conversions, and Constants
Problem Set
Chapter 2. Soil Minerals
2.1. Inorganic Soil Fraction
2.2. Chemical Bonds in Minerals
2.3. Pauling’s Rules
2.4. Elements of Crystal Structures
2.5. Primary Minerals in Soils
2.6. Secondary Minerals in Soils
2.7. X-Ray Diffraction Procedures for Mineral Identification in Soils
2.8. Specific Surface Area (SSA) of Soil Minerals
2.9. Surface Charge Characteristics of Soil Minerals
2.10. Points of Zero Charge
Problem Set
Chapter 3. Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Measurement of Soil Organic Carbon
3.3. Effect of Soil Forming Factors on SOM Contents
3.4. Global Carbon Cycle and Carbon Sequestration
3.5. Composition of SOM
3.6. Genesis of Humic Substances in the Soil
3.7. Organo-mineral Associations in the Soil
3.8. Functional Groups and Charge Characteristics
3.9. Retention of Pesticides and Other Organic Substances by Humic Substances
Problem Set
Chapter 4. Soil Solution – Solid Phase Equilibria
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Soil Air Composition
4.3. Soil Solution Composition
4.4. Speciation of the Soil Solution
4.5. Ion Activity and Activity Coefficients
4.6. Dissolution and Solubility Processes
4.7. Understanding Trace Metal Solubility Using Equilibrium Speciation Calculations and Metal Hydroxide Solids
Problem Set
Chapter 5. Sorption Phenomena on Soils
5.1. Introduction and Terminology
5.2. Surface Functional Groups
5.3. Surface Complexes
5.4. Adsorption Isotherms
5.5. Equilibrium-Based Adsorption Models
5.6. Sorption of Metal Cations
5.7. Sorption of Anions
5.8. Surface Precipitation
5.9. Speciation of Metal-Contaminated Soils
5.10. Techniques to Determine Molecular-Scale Sorption Mechanisms
Problem Set
Chapter 6. Ion Exchange Processes
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Characteristics of Ion Exchange
6.3. Cation Exchange Equilibrium Constants and Selectivity Coefficients
6.4. Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange
6.5. Relationship Between Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Ion Exchange
Problem Set
Chapter 7. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes
7.1. Rate-Limiting Steps and Time Scales of Soil Chemical Reactions
7.2. Rate Laws
7.3. Determination of Reaction Order and Rate Constants
7.4. Kinetic Models
7.5. Multiple Site Models
7.6. Kinetic Methodologies
7.7. Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates
7.8. Kinetics of Important Soil Chemical Processes
Problem Set
Chapter 8. Redox Chemistry of Soils
8.1. Oxidation–Reduction Reactions and Potentials
8.2. Measurement and Use of Redox Potentials
8.3. Submerged Soils
8.4. Redox Reactions Involving Inorganic and Organic Pollutants
Problem Set
Chapter 9. The Chemistry of Soil Acidity
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Historical Perspective of Soil Acidity
9.3. Soil Acidification Processes
9.4. Subsoil Acidity
9.5. Impacts of Acidification in the Soil
9.6. Soil Buffering Mechanisms
9.7. Solution Chemistry of Aluminum
9.8. Soil Acidity
9.9. Amelioration of Soil Acidity
Problem Set
Chapter 10. The Chemistry of Saline and Sodic Soils
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Salinity and Its Causes
10.3. Sources of Soluble Salts
10.4. Types of Soil Salinity
10.5. Important Salinity and Sodicity Parameters
10.6. Classification and Reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils
10.7. Effects of Soil Salinity and Sodicity on Soil Structural Properties
10.8. Effects of Soil Salinity on Plant Growth
10.9. Effects of Sodicity and Salinity on Environmental Quality
Problem Set
Index

Donald L. Sparks

DONALD L. SPARKS is the Unidel S. Hallock du Pont Chair and Francis Alison Professor at the University of Delaware. He is internationally recognized for his research in the areas of kinetics of biogeochemical processes and surface chemistry of natural materials. His research has focused on fate and transport of trace metals in soil and water, soil remediation, water quality, and carbon sequestration in soils. Dr. Sparks is the author of two previous editions of Environmental Soil Chemistry and more than 350 refereed papers and book chapters. He is fellow of five scientific societies, and he has been the recipient of major awards and lectureships including the Geochemistry Medal from the American Chemical Society, the Liebig Medal from the International Union of Soil Sciences, the Einstein Professorship from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Philippe Duchaufour Medal from the European Geosciences Union. Dr. Sparks served as president of the Soil Science Society of America and the International Union of Soil Sciences, has served on advisory committees for several national laboratories and national and international centers and institutes, and served as chair of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee for Soil Sciences and other NAS Committees.

Affiliations and expertise

Director, Delaware Environmental Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA

Balwant Singh

Balwant Singh is Professor of Soil Science at the University of Sydney. He has over 35 years of research and teaching experience in Australia, India, the UK and the USA. His research interests include understanding the structural and chemical properties of soil clay minerals, adsorption reactions of trace elements at the mineral-water interface, phytoremediation of toxic elements, biochar and organic carbon interaction with soil minerals, and micronutrients availability in soils. Dr Singh has co-edited two books (Biochar: A Guide to Analytical Methods and Synchrotron-based techniques in Soils and Sediments) and over 200 research papers and book chapters. Elsevier, Burlington, USA. He is fellow of four scientific societies and recipient of various awards including The Marion L. and Chrystie M. Jackson Soil Science Award by the Soil Science Society of America and Marion L. and Chrystie M. Jackson Mid-Career Clay Scientist Award by Clay Minerals Society. Dr Singh has served as a Chair of the Soil Mineralogy Commission of International Union of Soil Sciences, President of the Australian Clay Minerals Society and President of the Australian Society of Soil Science, NSW Branch.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Soil Science, University of Sydney, Australia

Matthew G. Siebecker

Matthew G. Siebecker is an Assistant Professor of Applied Environmental Soil Chemistry at Texas Tech University. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Delaware. Broadly, his research interests focus on the chemical reactions that take place between dissolved ions and molecules and the solid components of soil, including clay mineral, metal oxides, and soil organic matter. These reactions include adsorption, desorption, dissolution, surface precipitation, and redox. Dr. Siebecker is especially interested in the rapid formation of surface precipitates that are enriched with trace metals. The main themes of his research include the cycling of heavy metal contaminants and plant nutrients in soil and mineral systems, as well as the impacts of climate change and the application of animal waste products on soil. He has expertise in both the traditional wet-chemical laboratory techniques as well as advanced synchrotron-based techniques used in soil chemical research, and he has developed research collaborations internationally with scientists in Australia, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, France, and Italy. At Texas Tech University, Dr. Siebecker teaches an introductory undergraduate soils course entitled Urban Soils as well as an advanced upper-level course entitled Environmental Soil Chemistry course. He is an active member of the American Chemical Society and the Soil Science Society of America.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Applied Environmental Soil Chemistry, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, TX, USA

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Donald L. Sparks

Balwant Singh

Matthew G. Siebecker

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