Environmental, Physiological and Chemical Controls of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings

Environmental, Physiological and Chemical Controls of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings provides a review of the environmental, physiological and chemical controls of adventitious rooting in cuttings obtained from plants. In plants, adventitious roots, which are highly useful for vegetative propagation (or clonal propagation) are produced mainly from leaves, hypocotyls, stems or shoots. Vegetative propagation may occur naturally by using propagules such as roots, underground and aerial stems, leaves, buds and bulbils. It may also be done artificially through regenerative organs (rhizomes, bulbs, and corms) and by utilizing specialized methods, like cutting, grafting and layering. This book covers the latest tactics surrounding these processes.

As a plethora of factors affect the adventitious rooting of cuttings, adding to the complexity of the phenomenon. The main factors which control adventitious root formation are types of cuttings, presence of leaf area on cuttings, types of hormones and their concentration, duration of hormonal treatment (quick dip, long soak, dry dip, spray dip, or total immerse method), maturation (juvenile or mature), genotype, explant position, and more, all of which are discussed here.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
About the editor
Preface
Chapter 1: Physiological and environmental control of adventitious root formation in cuttings: An overview
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Physiological control regulating adventitious roots formation
3: Effect of phytohormones on developmental changes during adventitious root formation
4: Effect of nutrient application and their role in ARF in stem cutting
5: Environmental signals
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Molecular control of adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Developmental stages of adventitious rooting
3: Factors that affect the adventitious rooting
4: Heritable competency to form adventitious roots
5: Origin of adventitious root
6: Hormonal control of adventitious root formation
7: Constitutive development of adventitious root
8: Inducible adventitious root formation
9: Inhibition of adventitious root
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Natural variation in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Structure and anatomy of adventitious roots
3: The physiology and genetics of adventitious roots
4: Natural variation of adventitious root formation in monocotyledons (Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, and wheat)
5: Conclusion remark and future prospects
References
Chapter 4: Wound response and primary metabolism during adventitious root formation in cuttings
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Impact of hormonal balance and signaling in AR formation
3: Intricacies of signaling cascade, epigenetic modifications, and hormone expressions conjointly promote AR formation in cuttings
4: Integrated mechanism of modulation of AR formation
5: Nutrients and metabolites control AR formation at the whole-cutting level
6: Genetic variations affect excision-induced AR formation
7: Conclusion
8: Future considerations
References
Chapter 5: Revisiting the anatomical changes during adventitious root formation in cuttings
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Stem cuttings in vegetative propagation: The importance of adventitious rooting
3: Production of adventitious roots in plants
4: Potential sites of origin of adventitious root primordia
5: Major anatomical stages of adventitious root formation
6: Competence in rooting
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Metabolism during adventitious root primordia initiation and development
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Histological documentation of adventitious root development
3: Role of phytohormones in adventitious root development
4: Role of sugars in adventitious root development
5: Role of signaling peptides in adventitious root development
6: Epigenetic control in adventitious root development
7: Cell wall modification during adventitious root emergence
8: Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 7: Role of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacterium in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Effect of rhizosphere on plants growth
3: Phytohormones and PGPR-mediated root formation and differentiation
4: Nutrient status
5: Role of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria in adventitious root growth
6: Bacterial interaction with other fungal partners
7: Rhizobacteria mediated hairy roots as a powerful tool for secondary metabolites production
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Adventitious root formation after cuttings and its regulation by transcriptome analysis
Abstract
1: The significance of adventitious roots to plants
2: Factors affecting adventitious root formation
3: Morphological process and molecular mechanisms of adventitious roots formation
4: Transcriptomic analysis of adventitious roots formation
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Role of various auxins in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Stages of AR formation
3: Auxin and AR formation: Biochemical aspects
4: Auxin and AR formation: Molecular aspects
5: Major auxins and their role in AR formation
6: Loss of AR competency
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Role of cytokinins in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Cytokinins
3: Adventitious root
4: Effect of cytokinin on adventitious root formation
5: Historical perspectives
6: Induction and development of adventitious root
7: Effect of stress
8: Effect of light
9: Practical applications
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Role of phenolic compounds in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: The role of phenolic compounds in ARF
References
Chapter 12: Role of polyamines in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Polyamines’ types, localization, metabolism, and functions
3: The role of polyamines in the rooting of cuttings
4: The role of polyamines ratios in the rooting of cuttings
5: Effects of exogenous applications on rooting potential
6: Effects of polyamine inhibitors
7: Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 13: Role of hydrogen peroxide in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Role of growth hormones and other chemicals in AR development
3: Properties of H2O2
4: Role of H2O2 in AR development
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Role of nitric oxide in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Nitric oxide biosynthetic pathways in plant roots
3: The nitric oxide effect in maintaining the balance between root growth and development
4: Secondary metabolites production
5: Nitric oxide functions in roots exposed to adverse environmental conditions
6: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 15: Strigolactones: A new player in regulating adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: What are adventitious roots?
3: Functional diversities of adventitious roots
4: Origin and physiology of adventitious root formation
5: How does adventitious rooting differ from lateral root (LR) formation?
6: Stimulation of adventitious rooting
7: Strigolactones (SL) in plants
8: Roles of SLs in mediating adventitious rooting and lateral roots
9: Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: Role of plant stem or shoot cutting positions and hormone treatments in adventitious root formation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Important plants used in clonal propagation
3: Response of plants in ARF in terms of cutting position
4: Response of plants in ARF in terms of cuttings position and hormones interaction
5: Response of plants in ARF in terms of cuttings position and season/genotypes interaction
6: Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Adventitious root formation in cuttings as influenced by genotypes, leaf area, and types of cuttings
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Origin and significance of adventitious root formation
3: Effect of leaf area on adventitious root formation in cutting
4: Effect of types of cutting on adventitious root formation
5: Effects of genotype on AR formation in cutting
6: Commercial significance of leaf area, genotypes, and types of cutting for higher rooting response
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Adventitious root formation in cuttings and effects of maturation
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Adventitious root formation and factors affecting its induction in mature cuttings
3: Role of age and maturation on de novo rejuvenation in tree cuttings
4: Potential for rooting in tree species
5: Establishment of adventitious roots and associated gene modulation in tree species
6: Activity of meristem and determination of cell fate
7: Competence and re-organization: A way to cellular plasticity
8: Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Micropropagation in mature trees by manipulation of phase change, stress, and culture environment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Tree micropropagation and associated factors
3: In vitro stress-induced morphogenesis
4: Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: In vitro micrografting to induce juvenility and improvement of rooting
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Juvenility and its significance
3: Significance of juvenility
4: Induction of juvenility in plant tissues
5: Factors affecting the induction of juvenility in vitro
6: Micrografting
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: Adventitious root formation in ornamental and horticulture plants
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Role of adventitious roots formation in ornamental and horticulture plants and its commercial application
3: Mechanism of ARF
4: Factors affecting ARF in ornamental and horticulture plants
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 22: Adventitious root formation and clonal propagation of forest-based tree species
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Types and significance of adventitious root formation in tree species
3: Mechanism of AR formation
4: Factors responsible for adventitious root formation
5: Ex vitro AR formation in forest-based tree species
6: In vitro AR formation in forest-based tree species
7: Conclusion
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Environmental, Physiological and Chemical Controls of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings

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Azamal Husen