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Environmental Contaminants and Endocrine Health

1st Edition - May 30, 2023

Editors: Oliana Carnevali, Gary Hardiman

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 4 4 6 4 - 7

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 5 9 3 2 - 5

Environmental Contaminants and Endocrine Health focuses specifically on contaminants with hormonal disrupting activities. The book provides insights into the multiple effects of… Read more

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Environmental Contaminants and Endocrine Health focuses specifically on contaminants with hormonal disrupting activities. The book provides insights into the multiple effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their mechanism of action (MoA) on metabolism, reproduction and the multiple physiological roles of the endocannabinoid system which has recently been indicated as new target. The content systematically covers EDC sources and effects, EDCs as sources of disease and health impairment in laboratory models, EDCs as the cause of disease and health impairment in humans and wild species, and the removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewaters to highlight intervention, mitigation and adaptation for reduced threat.

This content will be a foundational resource for academic and research staff in endocrinology and hormone toxicology as well as for professors, researchers and students in these areas.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Endocrine-disrupting chemical sources and effects
Chapter 1.1: Endocrine system
Abstract
1: Fundamentals of hormones
2: Vertebrate endocrine physiology: Organs, axes, and hormones
References
Further reading
Chapter 1.2: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in environmental matrices and human bodily fluids
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
3: EDCs sources, exposure and presence in tissues and body fluids
4: Plastics
5: Pesticides
6: Flame retardants
7: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)
8: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
9: Sunscreen
10: Conclusion
References
Chapter 1.3: In vitro-, ecological-, murine, and human models for examining the effects of EDCs
Abstract
1: Summary
2: In vitro models for examining the effects of EDCs
3: Ecological models for examining the effects of EDCs
4: Murine models for examining the effects of EDCs
5: Human models for examining the effects of EDCs
6: Overview
References
Chapter 1.4: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their mode of action: The case of nuclear receptors and the evolution of the Metazoa
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Evolution and nuclear receptors: A conceptual framework
3: Endocrine disruption via nuclear receptors
4: Conclusions
References
Chapter 1.5: EDCs impacts on human populations. Addressing multiple chemicals in human exposure and epidemiological studies
Abstract
1: Background
2: Assessing chemical mixtures in a birth cohort study: A simulated example
3: Conclusions
References
Chapter 2: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals as source of disease and health impairment in laboratory models
Chapter 2.1: EDCs: Focus on metabolic alteration of mammalian and nonmammalian models
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Approaches used to investigate the adverse actions of EDCs on the liver function
3: Hepatic metabolism alteration in nonmammalian model species: A 5-year survey
4: Hepatic metabolism alteration in mammalian species: A 5-year survey
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 2.2: EDCs: Focus on reproductive alterations in mammalian and nonmammalian models
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Reproductive toxicity outcomes in nonmammalian and mammalian species: A 5-year survey
3: Are microplastics deleterious for reproduction in mammals?
4: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2.3: The EDCs as epigenetic disruptors: Implications for development and health
Abstract
1: Introduction to epigenetics
2: Interference of EDCs with the epigenetic dynamics
3: The impact of epigenetic effects triggered by EDCs on health conditions
4: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 2.4: Endocrine disrupting chemicals induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Molecular epigenetic mechanisms
3: Epigenetic transgenerational inheritance
4: Developmental etiology of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance
5: Germline epimutations
6: Transgenerational gene expression changes
7: Conclusion
References
Chapter 2.5: Endocrine disruption persistence through development and across generations can be mediated by environmental perturbations of the heterochromatin/euchromatin compartmentalization
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Environmental perturbation of genome organization as DIPE mediator
3: How do HEC perturbations determine the phenotypic manifestations of DIPE?
4: How are HEC perturbations propagated?
5: How are HEC perturbations originated?
6: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 2.6: Alterations of the endocannabinoid system by endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Effects on metabolism and reproduction
Abstract
1: The endocannabinoid system
2: Endocannabinoid system, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and hepatic metabolism
3: Endocannabinoid system, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and reproduction
4: Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; cause of disease and health impairment in human and wild species
Chapter 3.1: EDC effects in humans
Chapter 3.1.1: Metabolism disrupting chemicals in the development of human diseases
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Common ground for MDC research
3: Organ and organ systems
4: MDC-related diseases
5: Type-II diabetes mellitus
6: Alzheimer's disease and “Type 3 diabetes”
7: Parkinson's disease
8: A slightly broader view of MDCs and the mitochondria
9: Expanding areas for MDC research
10: Looking backward and forward
References
Chapter 3.1.2: Focus on reproductive health and alterations in women
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Female reproductive health
3: EDCs and female reproductive health
4: Exposure in the womb
5: Effects on puberty
6: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
7: Breast cancer
8: Endometriosis
9: Uterine fibroid (uterine leiomyoma)
10: Infertility
11: Pregnancy complications
12: Epigenetics and transgenerational effects
13: Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 3.1.3: EDCs: Focus on reproductive alterations in males
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Bisphenol A
3: Phthalates
4: Perfluoroalkyl substances
5: Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds
6: Conclusions
References
Chapter 3.1.4: A good start lasts a lifetime: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their impact on embryonic and fetal development
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Early embryonic development in the human
3: Measurements of early embryonic growth and development
4: Evidence that EDCs directly impact human early embryonic development
5: Late embryonic and fetal development in humans: A brief overview
6: Evaluating late embryonic and fetal development in humans
7: EDCs: Impact on organogenesis and fetal growth
8: Developmental origins of adult diseases
9: EDCs and the developmental origins of adult diseases
10: Conclusions
References
Chapter 3.1.5: Epidemiological studies on the effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds on fertility
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Male reproductive function
3: Discussion
References
Chapter 3.2: EDC effects in animals
Chapter 3.2.1: Metabolism vs. metabolomics: Mechanisms of endocrine disruption
Abstract
1: Metabolic transformations of chemical contaminants to active estrogenic targets
2: Metabolomics impacts of environmental contaminants
References
Chapter 3.2.2: Effects of EDCs on female reproductive system in reptiles
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Reptilian physiology
3: Reptilian reproductive strategy: Oviparous and viviparous
4: Parental nurturing behavior
5: Reptilian endocrine system
6: Endocrine disruption in wild reptile
7: Experimentally induced endocrine disruption in female reptile
8: Conclusions
References
Chapter 3.2.3: Effects of aquatic contaminants in female fish reproduction
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Neuroendocrine regulation of female fish reproduction
2: Example of contaminants affecting female fish reproduction
References
Chapter 3.2.4: EDCs: Focus on male fish reproductive alterations
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Male fish reproductive endocrinology
3: Environmental contaminants
4: Bisphenols
5: Metals
6: Pharmaceuticals
7: Insecticides
8: Alkylphenols
References
Chapter 3.2.5: Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their effects in marine mammals
Abstract
Acknowledgements
1: Introduction
2: Exposure to EDCs in marine mammals
3: Effects of EDCs in marine mammals
4: In vitro studies
5: Conclusion and future direction
Appendix
References
Chapter 4: Removal of hazardous pollutants from wastewaters
Chapter 4.1: Conventional wastewater treatment methods and their ability to remove EDCs
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Characteristics of EDCs
3: Conventional wastewater treatment: A brief overview
4: Factors influencing the fate of EDCs
5: Conclusions
References
Chapter 4.2: Nanofiltration and ultrafiltration of endocrine-disrupting compounds
Abstract
1: EDCs in aquatic environment
2: Removal of EDCs by membrane processes
3: Membrane materials for EDC removal
4: Removal mechanism of EDCs with UF membranes
5: Removal mechanism of EDCs with NF membranes
6: Rejection of EDCs by UF membrane systems
7: Rejection of EDCs by NF membrane systems
References
Chapter 4.3: Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Ozonation for EDCs degradation
3: UV photolysis and UV/H2O2 for EDCs degradation
4: Fenton and Fenton-like reaction
5: TiO2-catalyzed UV oxidation (UV/TiO2)
6: Conclusions
References
Chapter 4.4: Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in conventional wastewater treatment: State of art and future challenges
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Conventional wastewater treatment plants as a source of EDCs
2: Research trends in EDCs removal in wastewater treatment plants
3: Final comments and future perspectives
References
Index

Oliana Carnevali

Dr. Oliana Carnevali, PhD, Professor of Developmental Biology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy Dr. Carnevali’s research focuses on reproductive and developmental biology of fish models. Her focus is on the effects of probiotics on fish welfare. Her group also has substantial interest in reproductive toxicology to monitor environmental risk. A wide spectrum of aspects such as embryo development, reproduction, energy metabolism, immune system and genotoxic aspects, on different fish models are evaluated. She is a partner of the BioMedAqu project, supervisor of ESR10, a project focusing on skeletal pathologies in human and fish providing evidence on the effects of micronutrients and probiotics in bone cell differentiation in fish. In addition, the in vivo effects of vitamins and probiotic by parental and larval exposure on skeletal formation will be tested on zebrafish, seabream and meagre. A multidisciplinary approach including transcriptomic, histology, cell biology, infrared micro spectrometry and Raman, will be used.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Developmental Biology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy

Gary Hardiman

Dr. Gary Hardiman, PhD, Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, Ireland Dr. Hardman works in the field of systems biology the objective of which is the study of biological systems, including genes, RNAs, proteins, metabolites and cells in a focused manner, and organs, organisms and populations in a broader context. Areas of research focus include studying the effects of man-made contaminants on marine and human health; studying prostate cancer in the context of racial differences and nutritional deficiency; examining the impacts of long term space travel – specifically the effects of nutrition, torpor, space radiation and microgravity on hepatic and intestinal biology; developing a rat model of opioid abuse to better understand the biological basis for substance abuse disorders and advance development of preventive strategies and more efficacious treatments; and developing a robust toolkit for better integration of Omics data sets into genotype-phenotype predictions. He maintains active research collaborations with groups in the USA, Italy, Ireland and Scotland.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University, Ireland