Entrepreneurship with Microorganisms

Entrepreneurship with Microorganisms explains both the basic science and applications of microbiology and bio-resource technology, shining a special emphasis on its entrepreneurial applications. By focusing on basic principles, current research, and global trends, this comprehensive book provides a critical resource and serves as a complete one-stop source for undergraduate and graduates in microbiology, food, agricultural science, medical science, and industrial microbiology biotechnology. In addition, this book will be helpful in the creation of economic (commercial) value of the microorganism(s) based products and technologies as well as opportunities for new jobs at the global level.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Chapter 1 Microorganisms as biofactories of powerful agents against plant diseases
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Global burden problem due to agricultural pests: Food security
1.3 Pesticides in modern agriculture: Challenges, problems, and alternatives
1.4 Biopesticide
1.5 Microorganisms as biofactories of biopesticides
1.6 Microorganism pest control agent’s industrial development
1.7 Regulations on the use of biological pest control agents
1.8 Trends and trade worldwide in biological pest control agents
1.9 Conclusions and future outlook
References
Chapter 2 Fungi: A microbial community with promising potential of bioremediation
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Categories of pollutants
2.3 Types of fungi in bioremediation
2.4 Biodegradation of different pollutants by Fungi
2.5 Advanced technologies used in fungal bioremediation
2.6 Factors affecting bioremediation
2.7 Conclusion
2.8 Future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 3 Role of fungi in biotechnology
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Some important fungi and their role in the following topics under this chapter
3.3 Methods to enhance the fungal properties
3.4 Future perspectives in fungal biotechnology
References
Chapter 4 Use of fungi in pharmaceuticals and production of antibiotics
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Production of secondary metabolites
4.3 Biosynthesis of fungal metabolites
4.4 Pharmaceuticals applications of fungi
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Fungal metabolites and their importance in pharmaceutical industry
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 History of fungal medicine
5.3 Fungi in producing natural compounds and secondary metabolites
5.4 Major groups of fungi producing different classes of antibiotics
5.5 Fungi as antimicrobial
5.6 Fungi as hepatoprotective
5.7 Fungi as antidiabatic
5.8 Fungi as anticancer
5.9 Fungi as neuroprotection
5.10 Fungi as anticardiovascular drugs
5.11 Fungi as immunosuppressive drugs
5.12 Present and future scope of the study
5.13 Entrepreneurship opportunity from fungi
5.14 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Fungal enzymes in textile industry: An emerging avenue to entrepreneurship
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Major industrial enzymes and their applications
6.3 Applications of enzymes in textile industry
6.4 Fungal enzymes in textile industries
6.5 Manufacturers of textile enzymes & entrepreneurship potentials
6.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Fungi in nutraceutical and baking purposes
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Utilization of Fungi as nutraceutical
7.3 Fungi in baking industries
7.4 Processed fungal foods as an alternative to SCPs
7.5 Production of other food products/condiments/additives
7.6 Use of enzymes in food and feed bioprocessing
7.7 Fungal enzymes used in feed
7.8 Commercial utilization of recombinant fungi enzymes
7.9 Secondary metabolites used in food and feed from fungi
7.10 Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical by-products from Fungi
7.11 Symbiotic fungus termitomyces
7.12 Bioprocessing of food by T. clypeatus
7.13 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 8 Precision fermentation of sustainable products in the food industry
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Precision fermentation
8.3 Microbial cell factories
8.4 Flavors in the food industry
8.5 Industrial process overview
8.6 Sweeteners through fermentation
8.7 Antioxidants of fermented origin
8.8 Alternative protein via fermentation
8.9 Cellular agriculture
8.10 National and international food regulation
8.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Exploitation of mycometabolites in weed management: Global scenario and future application
Abstract
Acknowledgments
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Mycometabolites-entrepreneurs approach
9.3 Mycometabolites as natural herbicides
9.4 Culturing conditions for production of mycometabolites
9.5 Composition of nutrient media
9.6 Medium acidity
9.7 Incubation time for phytotoxin production
9.8 Bioassay of phytotoxins
9.9 Economics for development herbicide
9.10 Limitations in commercializing mycometabolites
9.11 Potential improvements
9.12 Future prospect
9.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Fungi as a tool for decontaminating the range of soil contaminants
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bioremediation
10.3 Mycoremediation
10.4 Mechanism and processes of mycoremediation
10.5 Role of environmental factors on mycoremediation
10.6 Omics in mycoremediation
10.7 Fungal interactions for enhanced mycoremediation
10.8 Transgenic plants using fungal genes for different contaminants
10.9 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 11 Exploitation of microbial consortia for formulating biofungicides, biopesticides, and biofertilizers for plant growth promotion
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Problems in agriculture and need for formulations
11.3 Fungicides
11.4 Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
11.5 Biopesticides
11.6 Biofertilizers
11.7 Future prospectus
11.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Biofungicides and plant growth promoters: Advantages and opportunities in entrepreneurship
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification of biofungicides
12.3 An emerging source of biofungicides: Endophytes
12.4 Plant growth promoters
12.5 Advantages of biofungicides and plant growth promoters
12.6 Opportunities in entrepreneurship
12.7 Nanobiofungicides: An emerging opportunity
12.8 Impediments to commercialization
12.9 Policies for promoting commercialization
12.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Potential use of fungi as biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Structure
13.3 Physiology
13.4 Classification of fungi
13.5 What is biofertilizer?
13.6 Application methods of biofertilizer
13.7 Fungi as biofertilizer
References
Chapter 14 Nutraceutical metabolites, value addition and industrial products for developing entrepreneurship through edible fleshy fungi
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nutraceuticals
14.3 Prebiotics
14.4 Value addition and industrial products
14.5 Development of entrepreneurship
14.6 Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 15 Fungal endophytes as a potential source in the agricultural industry: An idea for sustainable entrepreneurship
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Classification and mode of transmission
15.3 Isolation of fungal isolates
15.4 Morphological identification of endophytic fungi
15.5 Endophytic fungi in agricultural industries
15.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Trichoderma bioinoculant: Scope in entrepreneurship and employment generation
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Scope for commercial production of Trichoderma
16.3 Scale of production
16.4 Market potential of Trichoderma bioinoculant
16.5 Entrepreneurship and employment generation through Trichoderma bioinoculant
16.6 Factors affecting entrepreneurship
16.7 Economic benefits of entrepreneurship
16.8 Formulation technology
16.9 Scope and opportunities
16.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of biotic stress tolerance in plants: A new direction in sustainable agriculture
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Characteristics of AMF symbiosis
17.3 AMF-Plant defense and disease resistance mechanisms
17.4 AMF and plant biotic stress tolerance
17.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles by microbes: Mechanistic aspects, biomedical applications, and future prospects
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Microorganisms-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles
18.3 Synthesis of gold nanoparticles: Synthetic approach
18.4 Plant and microorganisms as source for synthesis of gold nanoparticles
18.5 Gold nanoparticles: Its application in bionanotechnology
18.6 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 19 Biofilm and its impact on microbial-induced corrosion: An entrepreneurship and industrial perspective
Abstract
Acknowledgment
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC)
19.3 Biofilm interaction on metal surfaces: An overview
19.4 MIC of titanium: A metal of primary choice in industrial equipment and implants
19.5 MIC Diagnostics standards and protocols: An entrepreneurial perspective
19.6 Molecular biology methods
References
Chapter 20 Recombinant fungal pectinase and their role towards fostering modern agriculture
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Pectic substances
20.3 Production of fungal pectinases
20.4 Pectinase in the agricultural field
20.5 Bioscouring
20.6 Oil extraction
20.7 Coffee, tea, and tobacco fermentation
20.8 Plant fiber retting and degumming
20.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 Gold nanoparticles: A potential tool to enhance the immune response against viral infection
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Gold nanoparticles in vaccine synthesis against COVID-19
21.3 Synthesis of AuNPs
21.4 Interaction of gold nanoparticles with immune cells
21.5 Mechanism of action of AuNPs in the immune response against COVID-19
21.6 Advantages and entrepreneurship of AuNPs in nanovaccine developments
21.7 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 22 Fungal diversity and studies on euthermal hot spring water from Aravali region Maharashtra, India
Abstract
22.1 Hot springs
22.2 Materials and methods
22.3 Bioplastic biodegradation
22.4 Results
22.5 Bioplastic biodegradation
22.6 Discussion
References
Chapter 23 Specialized microbial metabolites: Their origin, functions, and industrial applications
Abstract
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Microbial metabolites
23.3 Source of specialized metabolites in microbiomes
23.4 Synthesis of microbial specialized metabolites
23.5 Techniques to identify and analyze metabolites
23.6 Specialized metabolites from marine microbes—Sources and applications
23.7 Specialized metabolites from soil microbes—Sources and applications
23.8 Specialized metabolites from endophytes—Sources and applications
23.9 Specialized metabolites in the cosmetic industry
23.10 Conclusion
References
Index

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A. C. Shukla