Engineering Tribology
- 5th Edition - March 17, 2025
- Imprint: Butterworth-Heinemann
- Authors: Gwidon Stachowiak, Andrew W Batchelor
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 4 1 4 9 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 3 4 1 5 0 - 2
Engineering Tribology, Fifth Edition takes an interdisciplinary approach to key concepts and engineering implications of tribology, bringing together the relevant knowledge needed… Read more
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Request a sales quoteEngineering Tribology, Fifth Edition takes an interdisciplinary approach to key concepts and engineering implications of tribology, bringing together the relevant knowledge needed from different fields to achieve effective analysis and control of friction and wear. This edition has been updated to include new content on the computational evaluation of cavitation effects in hydrodynamic bearings, the electrical properties of lubricants, coverage of gas and foil bearings, local directional, fractal signature methods, tribochemistry and mechanical activation, removal of oxide films, models of mechanical activation, advancing tribology with artificial intelligence, modeling, and simulation, and much more.
Suitable as an introductory text, this book is also relevant for those working in applied chemistry and bioengineering.
Suitable as an introductory text, this book is also relevant for those working in applied chemistry and bioengineering.
- Offers a comprehensive and accessible overview of the mechanisms of lubrication, friction, and wear
- Updated to include new coverage of tribochemistry, modeling and simulation techniques, impact wear in percussion drilling, local direction fractal signature methods, artificial intelligence and tribology, and more
- Outlines new modeling and simulation techniques, introduces the topic of superlubricity, and discusses the reactive nature of commonly used metals
Undergraduate and post-graduate students in the field of mechanical and materials engineering; academic researchers
- Engineering Tribology
- Cover image
- Front matter
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Meaning of Tribology
- Lubrication
- Wear
- 1.3 Cost of Friction and Wear
- 1.4 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 2 Physical Properties of Lubricants
- 2.1 INTRODUCTION
- 2.2 OIL VISCOSITY
- Dynamic Viscosity
- Kinematic Viscosity
- 2.3 VISCOSITY TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP
- Viscosity-Temperature Equations
- Viscosity-Temperature Chart
- 2.4 VISCOSITY INDEX
- 2.5 VISCOSITY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP
- 2.6 VISCOSITY-SHEAR RATE RELATIONSHIP
- Pseudoplastic Behavior
- Thixotropic Behavior
- 2.7 VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS
- Capillary Viscometers
- Rotational Viscometers
- Other Viscometers
- 2.8 VISCOSITY OF MIXTURES
- 2.9 OIL VISCOSITY CLASSIFICATION
- SAE Viscosity Classification
- ISO Viscosity Classification
- 2.10 LUBRICANT DENSITY AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- 2.11 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS
- Specific Heat
- Thermal Conductivity
- Thermal Diffusivity
- 2.12 TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS OF LUBRICANTS
- Pour Point and Cloud Point
- Flash Point and Fire Point
- Volatility and Evaporation
- Oxidation Stability
- Thermal Stability
- 2.13 OTHER LUBRICANT CHARACTERISTICS
- Surface Tension
- Neutralization Number
- Carbon Residue
- 2.14 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS
- Refractive Index
- 2.15 ADDITIVE COMPATIBILITY AND SOLUBILITY
- Additive Compatibility
- Additive Solubility
- 2.16 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS
- 2.17 LUBRICANT IMPURITIES AND CONTAMINANTS
- Water Content
- Sulphur Content
- Ash Content
- Chlorine Content
- 2.18 SOLUBILITY OF GASES IN OILS
- 2.19 SUMMARY
- REVISION QUESTIONS
- REFERENCES
- 3 Lubricants and their Composition
- 3.1 INTRODUCTION
- 3.2 MINERAL OILS
- Sources of Mineral Oils
- Manufacture of Mineral Oils
- Types of Mineral Oils
- 3.3 SYNTHETIC OILS
- Manufacturing of Synthetic Oils
- Hydrocarbon Synthetic Lubricants
- Silicon Analogues of Hydrocarbons
- Organohalogens
- Cyclophosphazenes
- 3.4 NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS
- Ionic Liquid Lubricants
- Mesogenic Lubricants
- 3.5 EMULSIONS AND AQUEOUS LUBRICANTS
- Manufacturing of Emulsions
- Characteristics
- Applications
- Polyelectrolyte Lubricants
- 3.6 GREASES
- Manufacturing of Greases
- Composition
- Lubrication Mechanism of Greases
- Grease Characteristics
- Classification of Greases
- Grease Compatibility
- Degradation of Greases
- 3.7 LUBRICANT ADDITIVES
- Wear and Friction Improvers
- Nanoparticle Additives
- Anti-Oxidants
- Corrosion Control Additives
- Contamination Control Additives
- Viscosity Improvers
- Pour Point Depressants
- Foam Inhibitors
- Interference Between Additives
- 3.8 SUMMARY
- REVISION QUESTIONS
- REFERENCES
- 4 Hydrodynamic Lubrication
- 4.1 INTRODUCTION
- 4.2 REYNOLDS EQUATION
- Simplifying Assumptions
- Equilibrium of an Element
- Continuity of Flow in a Column
- Simplifications to the Reynolds Equation
- Bearing Parameters Predicted from Reynolds Equation
- Summary
- 4.3 PAD BEARINGS
- Infinite Linear Pad Bearing
- Infinite Rayleigh Step Bearing
- Other Wedge Geometries of Infinite Pad Bearings
- Bearings With Surface Textures
- Finite Pad Bearings
- Pivoted Pad Bearing
- Inlet Boundary Conditions in Pad Bearing Analysis
- 4.4 CONVERGING-DIVERGING WEDGES
- Bearing Geometry
- Pressure Distribution
- Load Capacity
- 4.5 JOURNAL BEARINGS
- Evaluation of the Main Parameters
- Practical and Operational Aspects of Journal Bearings
- 4.6 THERMAL EFFECTS IN BEARINGS
- Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Bearings
- Isoviscous Thermal Analysis of Bearings
- Non-Isoviscous Thermal Analysis of Bearings With Locally Varying Viscosity
- Multiple Regression in Bearing Analysis
- Bearing Inlet Temperature and Thermal Interaction between Pads of a Michell Bearing
- 4.7 LIMITS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION
- 4.8 HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION WITH NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
- Turbulence and Hydrodynamic Lubrication
- Hydrodynamic Lubrication With Non-Newtonian Lubricants
- Inertia Effects in Hydrodynamics
- Compressible Fluids
- Compressible Hydrodynamic Lubrication in Gas Bearings
- 4.9 REYNOLDS EQUATION FOR SQUEEZE FILMS
- Pressure Distribution
- Load Capacity
- Squeeze Time
- Cavitation and Squeeze Films
- Microscopic Squeeze Film Effects between Rough Sliding Surfaces
- 4.10 POROUS BEARINGS
- 4.11 SUMMARY
- REVISION QUESTIONS
- References
- 5 Computational Hydrodynamics
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 NON-DIMENSIONALIZATION OF THE REYNOLDS EQUATION
- 5.3 THE VOGELPOHL PARAMETER
- 5.4 FINITE DIFFERENCE EQUIVALENT OF THE REYNOLDS EQUATION
- Definition of Solution Domain and Boundary Conditions
- Calculation of Pressure Field
- Calculation of Dimensionless Friction Force and Friction Coefficient
- Numerical Solution Technique for Vogelpohl Equation
- 5.5 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION IN IDEALIZED JOURNAL AND PARTIAL ARC BEARINGS
- Example of Data from Numerical Analysis, the Effect of Shaft Misalignment
- 5.6 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION IN A REAL BEARING
- 5.6.1 Thermohydrodynamic Lubrication
- 5.6.2 Elastic Deformations in a Pad Bearing
- 5.6.3 Cavitation and Film Reformation in Grooved Journal Bearings
- 5.6.4 Vibrational Stability in Journal Bearings
- 5.7 COMPUTATIONAL EVALUATION OF CAVITATION EFFECTS IN HYDRODYNAMIC BEARINGS
- 5.8 SUMMARY
- REVISION QUESTIONS
- References
- 6 Hydrostatic Lubrication
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Hydrostatic Bearing Analysis
- Flat Circular Hydrostatic Pad Bearings
- Non-Flat Circular Hydrostatic Pad Bearings
- 6.3 Generalized Approach to Hydrostatic Bearing Analysis
- Flat Circular Pad Bearings
- Flat Square Pad Bearings
- 6.4 Optimization of Hydrostatic Bearing Design
- Minimization of Power
- Control of Lubricant Film Thickness and Bearing Stiffness
- 6.5 Gas Bearings
- Pressure Distribution
- Gas Flow
- Load Capacity
- Friction Torque
- Power Loss
- 6.6 Hybrid Bearings
- 6.7 Foil Bearings
- 6.8 Stability of Hydrostatic and Aerostatic Bearings
- 6.9 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Contact Stresses
- Simplifying Assumptions to Hertz's Theory
- Stress Status in Static Contact
- Stress Status in Lubricated Rolling and Sliding Contacts
- 7.3 Contact Between Two Elastic Spherical or Spheroidal Bodies
- Geometry of Contacting Elastic Bodies
- Contact Area, Pressure, Maximum Deflection and Position of the Maximum Shear Stress
- Total Deflection
- 7.4 Elastohydrodynamic Lubricating Films
- Effects Contributing to the Generation of Elastohydrodynamic Films
- Approximate Solution of Reynolds Equation with Simultaneous Elastic Deformation and Viscosity Rise
- Pressure Distribution in Elastohydrodynamic Films
- Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Formulae
- Effects of the Non-Dimensional Parameters on EHL Contact Pressures and Film Profiles
- Lubrication Regimes in EHL - Film Thickness Formulae
- Identification of the Lubrication Regime
- Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Measurements
- 7.5 Micro-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Mixed or Partial Ehll
- Partial or Mixed EHL
- Micro-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
- 7.6 Surface Temperature at the Conjunction Between Contacting Solids and its Effect on EHL
- Calculation of Surface Conjunction Temperature
- True Flash Temperature Rise
- Frictional Temperature Rise of Lubricated Contacts
- Mechanism of Heat Transfer within the EHL Film
- Effect of Surface Films on Conjunction Temperatures
- Measurements of Surface Temperature in the EHL Contacts
- 7.7 Traction and Ehl
- A Simplified Analysis of Traction in the EHL Contact
- Non-Newtonian Lubricant Rheology and EHL
- EHL between Meshing Gear Wheels
- 7.8 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 8 Boundary and Extreme Pressure Lubrication
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Low Temperature - Low Load Lubrication Mechanisms
- 8.3 Low Temperature - High Load Lubrication Mechanisms
- Model of Adsorption on Sliding Surfaces
- 8.4 High Temperature - Medium Load Lubrication Mechanisms
- Chain Matching
- Thick Films of Soapy or Amorphous Material
- 8.5 High Temperature - High Load Lubrication Mechanisms
- Model of Lubrication by Sacrificial Films
- Additive Reactivity and Its Effect on Lubrication
- Nascent Metallic Surfaces and Accelerated Film Formation
- Influence of Oxygen and Water on the Lubrication Mechanism by Sacrificial Films
- Mechanism of Lubrication by Milder EP Additives
- Function of Active Elements Other Than Sulphur
- Lubrication with Two Active Elements
- Temperature Distress
- Speed Limitations of Sacrificial Film Mechanism
- Triboemission from Worn Surfaces
- 8.6 Boundary and EP Lubrication of Non-Metallic Surfaces
- 8.7 Vapor Phase and Gas Lubrication
- 8.8 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 9 Solid Lubrication and Surface Treatments
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Lubrication by Solids
- 9.2.1 Lubrication by Lamellar Solids
- 9.2.2 Reduction of Friction by Soft Metallic Films
- 9.2.3 Solid Lubricant Mixtures and Composites
- 9.2.4 Deposition Methods of Solid Lubricants
- 9.3 Wear Resistant Coatings and Surface Treatments
- 9.3.1 Techniques of Producing Wear Resistant Coatings
- 9.3.2 Application of Coatings and Surface Treatments in Wear and Friction Control
- 9.4 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- Fundamentals of Contact Between Solids
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Surfaces of Solids
- Surfaces at a Nanoscale
- Surface Topography
- Characterization of Surface Topography by Statistical Parameters
- Multiscale Characterization of Surface Topography
- Optimum Surface Roughness
- 10.3 Contact Between Solids
- Model of Contact between Solids Based on Statistical Parameters of Rough Surfaces
- Model of Contact between Solids Based on the Fractal Geometry of Rough Surfaces
- Limitations of Continuum Theory in Contact Mechanics
- Effect of Sliding on Contact between Solid Surfaces
- Out-of-Contact Time
- 10.4 Friction and Wear
- Onset of Sliding and Mechanism of Stick-Slip
- Structural Differences between Static and Sliding Contacts
- Running-in Phenomena
- Effects of Reversal of Sliding Direction
- Friction and Other Contact Phenomena in Rolling
- Concentration of Frictional Heat at the Asperity Contacts
- Effect of Temperature on Friction and Wear
- Triboelectrification of Sliding Contacts
- Wear between Surfaces of Solids
- 10.5 Summary
- Revision Questions
- REFERENCES
- 11 Abrasive, Erosive and Cavitation Wear
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Abrasive Wear
- Mechanisms of Abrasive Wear
- Modes of Abrasive Wear
- Analytical Models of Abrasive Wear
- Abrasivity of Particles
- Abrasive Wear Resistance of Materials
- Effect of Temperature on Abrasive Wear
- Effect of Moisture on Abrasive Wear
- Control of Abrasive Wear
- 11.3 Erosive Wear
- Mechanisms of Erosive Wear
- Effect of Impingement Angle and Impact Speed on Erosive Wear Rate
- Effect of Particle Shape, Hardness, Size and Flux Rates on Erosive Wear Rate
- Erosive Wear by Liquid
- Effect of Temperature on Erosive Wear
- Effect of Erosion Media on Erosive Wear
- Erosive Wear Resistance of Materials
- 11.4 Cavitation Wear
- Mechanism of Cavitation Wear
- Cavitation Wear Resistance of Materials
- 11.5 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 12 Adhesion and Adhesive Wear
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Mechanism of Adhesion
- Metal-Metal Adhesion
- Metal-Polymer Adhesion
- Metal-Ceramic Adhesion
- Polymer-Polymer and Ceramic-Ceramic Adhesion
- Effects of Adhesion between Wearing Surfaces
- 12.3 Control of the Adhesive Wear
- Contaminant Layers Formed Due to Surface Oxidation and Bulk Impurities
- Lubricants
- Favourable Combinations of Sliding Materials
- 12.4 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 13 Corrosive and Oxidative Wear
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Corrosive Wear
- Transition between Corrosive and Adhesive Wear
- Synergism between Corrosive and Abrasive Wear
- Tribocorrosion Studies
- Tribochemical Polishing
- 13.3 Oxidative Wear
- Kinetics of Oxide Film Growth on Metals at High and Low Temperatures
- Means of Controlling Corrosive and Oxidative Wear
- 13.4 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 14 Fatigue Wear
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Fatigue Wear during Sliding
- Surface Crack Initiated Fatigue Wear
- Subsurface Crack Initiated Fatigue Wear
- Effect of Lubrication on Fatigue Wear during Sliding
- Plastic Ratchetting
- 14.3 Fatigue Wear during Rolling
- Causes of Contact Fatigue
- Self-Propagating Nature of Contact Fatigue Cracks
- Subsurface and Surface Modes of Contact Fatigue
- Effect of Lubricant on Contact Fatigue
- Hydraulic Pressure Crack Propagation
- Chemical Effects of Lubricant Additives, Oxygen and Water on Contact Fatigue
- Materials Effect on Contact Fatigue
- Influence of Operating Conditions on Rolling Wear and Contact Fatigue
- 14.4 Means of Controlling Fatigue Wear
- 14.5 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 15 Fretting and Minor Wear Mechanisms
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Fretting Wear
- Microscopic Movements within the Contact under Applied Loads
- Fretting Regimes
- Effect of Amplitude and Debris Retention on Fretting Wear
- Environmental Effects on Fretting Wear
- Effects of Temperature and Lubricants on Fretting
- Effect of Materials Properties and Surface Finish on Fretting
- Fretting Fatigue
- Practical Examples of Fretting
- Means of Controlling Fretting
- 15.3 Melting Wear
- 15.4 Wear due to Electrical Discharges and Passage of Electric Current across a Contact
- 15.5 Diffusive Wear
- 15.6 Impact Wear
- Impact Wear in Percussion Drilling
- 15.7 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 16 Wear of Non-Metallic Materials
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Tribology of Polymers
- Sliding Wear of Polymers, Transfer Layers on a Harder Counterface
- Influence of Counterface Hardness, Roughness and Material Type on Transfer Films and Associated Wear and Friction of Polymers
- PV Limit
- Influence of Temperature on Polymer Wear and Friction
- Fatigue Wear of Polymers and Long Term Wear Kinetics
- Effect of Sliding Mode and Strain Reversal
- Visco-Elasticity and the Rubbery State
- Friction and Wear in the Rubbery State
- Effect of Lubricant, Corrosive Agents and Microstructure on Wear and Friction of Polymers
- 16.3 Tribology of Polymer Composites
- Polymer Blends
- Fibre-Reinforced Polymers
- Powder Composites
- 16.4 Wear and Friction of Ceramics
- Unlubricated Wear and Friction of Ceramic-Ceramic Contacts
- Lubricated Wear and Friction of Ceramic-Ceramic Contacts
- Wear and Friction of Ceramics Against Metallic Materials
- Wear and Friction of Ceramics Against Polymers
- Wear and Friction of Ceramic Matrix Composites
- 16.5 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- 17 Future Directions in Tribology
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Biotribology
- Biotribology of Living Tissues and Organisms
- Biotribology of Artificial Materials in Close Contact with Living Tissues
- 17.3 Environmental Implications of Tribology
- Biodegradable Lubricants
- Lubricants for Electric Vehicles (EVs)
- Undesirable Consequences of Tribological Practices
- 17.4 Nanotribology - Basic Concepts
- Relevance to Tribology
- Nanolubrication and Specialized Materials for Nanotribology
- 17.5 Tribochemistry and Mechanical Activation
- The Reactive Nature of Commonly Used Metals
- Removal of Oxide Films by Mechanical Wear and Momentary Exposure of Nascent Metal
- Models of Mechanical Activation
- 17.6 Advancing Tribology with Artificial Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, Big Data and Cloud Computing
- Major New Computing Trends in Tribology
- 17.7 Summary
- Revision Questions
- References
- Appendix
- Introduction
- A.1 User-Friendly Interface
- A.2 Program ‘Viscosity’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- A.3 Program ‘Simple’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- A.4 Program ‘Partial’
- Program Description
- List of variables
- A.5 Program ‘Thermal’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- A.6 Program ‘Deflection’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- A.7 Program ‘Groove’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- A.8 Program ‘Stability’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- A.9 Program ‘Spike’
- Program Description
- List of Variables
- Index
- Edition: 5
- Published: March 17, 2025
- No. of pages (Hardback): 900
- No. of pages (eBook): 900
- Imprint: Butterworth-Heinemann
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN: 9780443341496
- eBook ISBN: 9780443341502
GS
Gwidon Stachowiak
Gwidon W. Stachowiak is an Emeritus Professor at Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, working in tribology for more than 40 years. He has taught tribology in Australia, Japan, and Switzerland. His research interests include the development of methods for description of multiscale 3D surface topographies, tribocorrosion, and optimization of 3D surface textures for hydrodynamic contacts. He was awarded the Doctor Honoris Causa from the Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France, and the Tribology Gold Medal.
Affiliations and expertise
Curtin University, Perth, Western AustraliaAB
Andrew W Batchelor
Andrew W. Batchelor has been involved in tribology for 30 years and has taught tribology at universities in Australia, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and India. He has written books on topics relating to materials degradation, biomaterials and bioengineering. Andrew is the founding editor of a book series on biomaterials and has projects on the useful application of friction and wear phenomena.
Affiliations and expertise
The Australia National University, Canberra, AustraliaRead Engineering Tribology on ScienceDirect