Engineering Principles in Physiology

List of Contributors

Contents of Volume I

Part IV. The Cardiovascular System as an Integrative Mechanism


13. Structure and Function of the Peripheral Circulation

I. The General Organization of the Cardiovascular System

II. Concepts of Rheology

III. Architecture and Physical Properties of the Vascular System

IV. Models of the Cardiovascular System

References


14. The Circulation and Its Control I: Mechanical Properties of the Cardiovascular System

I. Introduction

II. The Cardiovascular Plant

References


15. The Circulation and Its Control II: Neural and Humoral Control of the Heart and Vessels

I. Multiple Controls of the Circulation

II. Nervous Control of Heart Rate

III. Control of Cardiac Contractility

IV. Neural Control of the Vessels

V. Humoral Control of the Vascular System

VI. Integration of Neural and Humoral Control

References


16. The Heart as a Pump

I. Introduction

II. Mechanics of Ventricular Contraction

III. The Cardiac Pump and the Circulation

References


17. Electrical Activity of the Heart

I. Introduction

II. Clinical Interpretation of ECG

III. Atrial Electrical Activity

IV. Polarization

V. Pathology

References


18. The Venous System

I. Introduction

II. The Parts of the System

III. The System as a Whole

IV. Transmural Pressures, the Respiratory Pump, and Venous Collapse

References

Part V. Energy Flow in the System—Input and Output


19. The Body as an Engine

I. Introduction

II. Information Content of the System

III. The Muscle as an Engine

IV. Total Energy of the System

V. The Energy Cycle

VI. Whole Body Metabolism

VII. Biological Work

Reference


20. The Respiratory Apparatus

I. Introduction

II. The Pulmonary Machine

III. Coordination of Ventilation and Perfusion

IV. Diffusion of Gases

V. The Artificial Lung

VI. The Energy Cost of Ventilation

VII. Summary

References


21. Regulation of Respiration: Interrelationships between Morphology, Physiology, and Control Mechanisms

I. Introduction

II. Metabolism as a Regulator

III. Gas Exchange

IV. Humoral Dependent Responses

V. Mechanics

VI. Pulmonary Function

VII. Postural Dynamics

VIII. Cardiovascular Interactions

IX. Voluntary and Protective Mechanisms

X. Control of Respiration

References


22. Oxygen Transport

I. Introduction

II. Blood as a Transport Medium

III. Transport of Oxygen in Blood

IV. Transport of Oxygen in Tissue

V. Control of Oxygen Transport

Symbols

References


23. The Mathematical Theory of Renal Function

I. Introduction

II. Functional Anatomy

III. Some General Mathematical and Physical Principles

IV. Overall Operation of the Kidney

V. Overall Operation of the Nephron

VI. Mathematical Theory of the Transport of Water and Solutes in the Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubules

VII. The Medullary Counterflow System

VIII. Toward a Working Mathematical Model of the Kidney

Addendum

References


24. The Human Kidney

I. Introduction

II. General Considerations

III. Renal Control Mechanisms

IV. An Engineering Reconstruction

References

Part VI. The Fine Structure of the System—Intracellular Processes


25. Compartmental Approaches to Water and Electrolyte Distribution

I. Introduction

II. Compartment Theory

III. Simulation of Total Body Fluid Systems

IV. The Plasma-Red Cell Electrolyte Exchange System

Definitions

References


26. Cellular Dynamics

I. Introduction

II. Cell Structure

III. Cell Metabolism

IV. Metabolic Dynamics

V. The Steady State

References


27. Intracellular Processes

I. Introduction

II. Kinetics of the Intracellular Processes

III. Input of Materials

IV. Input-Output Balance

V. Control of Intracellular Processe

References


28. Diffusion as a Physiological Process

I. Introduction

II. Diffusive Mass Transfer in the Cornea

III. Convective Flow in the Cornea and Sclera

IV. Fluid Dynamics of Aqueous Humor Production and Outflow

V. Heat Transfer in the Eye

References


29. Ion Transport in Gastric Mucosa

I. Introduction

II. Anatomy and Physiology of the Stomach

III. Active Transport of H+ and Cl-

IV. Postulated Mechanisms to Explain HCl Production

V. Evidence for Electrogenicity

VI. Model to Explain Electrogenicity of H+ Mechanism

References

Author Index

Subject Index