Endophytic Association: What, Why and How

Endophytic Association: What, Why, and How focuses on the endophytic association of plants, how they have originated inside the host, their importance, and how they are beneficial for the environment, as well as humans. The book discusses how using endophytic microbes in agricultural fields can be enriched without impacting environment negatively, and how they can be utilized for pharmaceutical purposes, including bioremediation. It includes advanced and up-to-date information, as well as future directions for young researchers and scientists who are working in the field of agriculture, pharmaceuticals, bio nanotechnology and bioremediation of environmental contaminants for environmental protection and sustainable development.

Cover Image
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1 Pathogens control using mangrove endophytic fungi
1.1 An introduction of mangrove and endophytic fungi and natural compounds studies
1.2 Mangrove endophytic fungi and pathogen control
1.3 Bacteria control
1.4 Viruses control
1.5 Parasites control
1.6 Final considerations
References
Chapter 2 Endophytic fungi-mediated synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Gold nanoparticles
1.3 Silver nanoparticles
1.4 Conclusion and future prospect
References
Chapter 3 Endophytes: A novel tool for sustainable agriculture
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biodiversity of endophytes
3.3 Interaction between the endophytes and their host plants
3.4 Transmission of endophytes
3.5 Endophytes for environment and agriculture sustainablility
3.6 Applications of endophytes
3.7 Impact of endophytes on bioactive compounds of host plant
3.8 Extracellular enzymes from endophytes
3.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 The role of bioactive metabolites synthesized by endophytes against MDR human pathogens
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanism of MDR development
4.3 Types of endophytes and their associations
4.4 Types of bioactive compounds
4.5 Mechanism of screening and isolation
4.6 Mode of action of the bioactive compounds
4.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Endophyte-induced bioremediation of toxic metals/metalloids
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Endophytes
5.3 Endophyte-assisted phytoremediation in mixed pollutant scenarios
5.4 Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria-assisted phytoremediation
Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 6 Biological control of plant diseases by endophytes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Endophytes
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest statement
References
Chapter 7 Endophytes and their bioactive metabolite's role against various MDR microbes causing diseases in humans
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Endophytes: what are they?
7.3 Types of endophytes
7.4 Isolation and identification of endophytes from different sources
7.5 Mode of entry of endophytic bacteria in the plant
7.6 Endophytes and their bioactive compounds
7.7 Endophytic bacteria-mediated secondary metabolite formation
7.8 Microbial endophytes: drug source against various diseases
7.9 Endophytes and their biosynthetic potential
7.10 Future prospective
7.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Endophytic bacteria for drug discovery and bioremediation of heavy metals
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Mode of entry and establishment of symbiotic relationship with plant–endophytic bacteria
8.3 Bioactive compounds isolated from endophytes
8.4 Bioremediation of heavy metals by endophytic bacteria
8.5 The role of endophytic microorganisms in bioremediation
8.6 Characteristics of pollutant-degrading endophytic bacteria
8.7 Plant–endophytic bacteria mutualism for the remediation of contaminated soil
8.8 Plant–endophyte mutualism for the remediation of contaminated water
8.9 Future prospective and conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Mechanism of biological control of plant diseases by endophytes
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Endophytes
9.3 Biocontrol-endophytes
9.4 Mechanisms of biocontrol-endophytes to controlling phytopathogens
9.5 Advantages of biocontrol-endophytes
9.6 Challenges
9.7 Future prospects
9.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 The role of endophytes to boost the plant immunity
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Origin of symbiosis
10.3 Bacterial endophytes
10.4 Fungal endophytes
10.5 The molecular mechanism behind the host endophytic association
10.6 Pathogen-symbiont trade-off
10.7 Modulation of plant immune system by endophytes
10.8 Endophytes and host's genetic expression
10.9 Role of endophytes in plant defense
10.10 Concluding remark
References
Chapter 11 Endophytes based nanoparticles: A novel source of biological activities
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nanotechnology
11.3 Methodology for nanoparticles synthesis through endophytes
11.4 Applications of endophyte-mediated NPs
Conclusions and future prospects
References
Chapter 12 Nanoparticles: Characters, applications, and synthesis by endophytes
12.1 Introduction to bionanotechnology
12.2 Historical perspectives
12.3 Synthesis of nanoparticles
12.4 Introduction to endophytes
12.5 Applications of endophytes
12.6 Methods for the isolation of endophytic micro-organism
12.7 Nanoparticles synthesis by endophytic micro-organisms
12.8 Mechanistic insights involved in the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles
12.9 Properties of nanoparticles
12.10 Characterization methods for nanoparticle analysis
12.11 Applications of nanoparticles
References
Chapter 13 Endophytes and their secondary metabolites against human pathogenic MDR microbes
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Untapped bioactive potential of endophytic bacteria
13.3 Bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi
13.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Sustainable agriculture approach through endophytes
14.1 Introduction: principle and basic concept
14.2 Classification and diversity of endophytes
14.3 Ecological role and relevancy in agriculture practices
14.4 Current pragmatic applications
14.5 Challenges and imminent prospectus
14.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Role of endophytes in bionanotechnology
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Endophytes as biofactories of nanoparticles
15.3 Mechanism of biosythesis of nanoparticles by endophytic microorganisms
15.4 Role of endophytic nanoparticles in antimicrobials
15.5 Pharmacological applications of endophytic nanoparticles
15.6 Conclusions and future prospectives
References
Chapter 16 Antagonistic activity of endophytic nanoparticles against plant and human pathogens
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Significance of endophytes in bionanotechology
16.3 Antagonistic activities of endophytic nanoparticles against plant pathogens
16.4 Antagonistic activities of endophytic nanoparticles against human pathogens
16.5 Mechanistic basis of antipathogenic activities of nanoparticles
16.6 Potential applications of endophytic nanoparticles in biocontrol of plant and human pathogens
16.7 Summary
References
Chapter 17 Molecular mechanism for production of nanoparticles by endophytes
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Green synthesis of nanoparticles by using plant extract
17.3 Synthesis of nanoparticles by endophytic microoraganisms
17.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Management of plant diseases using endophytes as biocontrol agents: Present status and future prospects
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Endophytes
18.3 Endophytic bacteria against plant pathogens
18.4 Endophytic fungi against plant pathogens
18.5 Mechanism of endophytes in plant protection
18.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 Application of bioactive metabolites produced by endophytes against MDR microbes causing diseases in humans
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Why endophytes?
19.3 Endophytic fungi as a source of antimicrobials
19.4 Antibacterial potential of endophytic fungal metabolites
19.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Importance of endophytes and mechanisms of their interactions with host-plants
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Isolation of endophytic microbes
20.3 Molecular approach to identify endophytic microbes
20.4 Marker and primer for endophyte identification
20.5 Techniques for identification of endophytes
20.6 Analysis of endophyte diversity
20.7 Plant factors for endophytic association
20.8 Role on disease suppression
20.9 Role on pharmaceuticals
20.10 Role of endophytes on bioremediation
20.11 Discussion
20.12 Concluding remarks
References
Chapter 21 Endophytic microbes: A potential source of bioactive metabolites with therapeutic values
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Types of endophytes and establishment of endophytic relationship
21.3 Bioactive secondary compounds of clinical significance produced by endophytes
21.4 Antimicrobials produced by endophytic microorganisms
21.5 Anticancer compounds produced by endophytes
21.6 Antioxidant compounds produced by endophytes
21.7 Coproduction of bioactive compounds by endophytes and their host
21.8 Novel bioactive compounds are needed to fight against resistant pathogens
21.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22 Plant growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacteria for sustainable agriculture
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Diversity of PGPEB in agricultural crops and their growth-promoting attributes
22.3 Mechanisms of plant growth promotions
22.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 23 Green synthesis of nanoparticles by endophytes
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Nanoparticles and endophytes: incredible amalgamation
23.3 Approaches nanoparticles synthesis by endophytic microorganisms
23.4 Nanoparticles produced from endophytic organisms
23.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 24 Endophytes: Potential agents for sustainable agriculture practices
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Endophytes and plant physiology
24.3 Endophytes as plant growth regulator
24.4 Endophytes in biotic stresses
24.5 Endophytes in abiotic stresses
24.6 Indian perspective on endophytes in sustainable agriculture
24.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 25 Induction of stress tolerance in plants by endophytes for sustainable development
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Role of endophytes in managing biotic stress
25.3 Role of endophytes in managing abiotic stress
25.4 Enhancing stress tolerance activity by production of plant growth-promoting factors
25.5 Role of endophytes in mediating heavy metal toxicity
25.6 Conclusions
References
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Endophytic Association: What, Why and How

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Maulin P. Shah

Deepanwita Deka