Endocrine Hypertension

From Basic Science to Clinical Practice

1st Edition - October 26, 2022
Editors: Joseph M. Pappachan, Cornelius James Fernandez
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 6 1 2 0 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 7 3 2 - 8

**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Endocrinology/Metabolic Disease**Endocrine Hypertension: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice bridges the gap between scientists and… Read more

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**Selected for Doody’s Core Titles® 2024 in Endocrinology/Metabolic Disease**

Endocrine Hypertension: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice bridges the gap between scientists and practicing clinicians by providing a comprehensive overview on all forms of endocrine hypertension, covering epidemiological aspects, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation and practical management aspects of endocrine hypertension. This book is a great resource for endocrinologists, physicians, general practitioners and researchers who are eager to understand the complex facets of endocrine hypertension.

Endocrine hypertension is a term used to describe a group of endocrine pathologies that cause an elevation of blood pressure, estimated to account for up to 10% of all hypertension cases. Although common, this clinical condition is often overlooked. Patients with this condition are at risk of late diagnosis, delayed treatment and detrimental health consequences.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Foreword
Contributors
Editors' brief resumes
Invited senior authors' profiles
Preface
Chapter 1. Endocrine hypertension—an overview
Introduction
Individual chapters
Recent trends/emerging concepts
Genetic testing for familial PPGL
Genetic testing for familial hyperaldosteronism especially GRA
Conclusions
Chapter 2. Catecholamines and blood pressure regulation
Introduction
Catecholamines and autonomic physiology
Biologic effects
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 3. Adrenal cortical hormones and blood pressure regulation
Introduction
Physiological aspects
Pathophysiological alterations in adrenocortical hormones and effects on cardiovascular homeostasis
Emerging research questions
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 4. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and blood pressure regulation
Introduction
Physiology of blood pressure regulation and HPA axis
Pathophysiology of hypertension and HPA axis
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 5. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and blood pressure regulation
Introduction
Physiological aspects of RAAS
RAAS, inflammation, and remodeling
RAAS blocking agents and cardiovascular protection in hypertension
ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Direct renin inhibitors
Dual RAAS inhibition
ACEI versus ARBs
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 6. Monogenic hypertension: an overview
Introduction
Summary
Learning points
Chapter 7. Primary aldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
Introduction
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Who should be screened? (The epidemiology of primary aldosteronism)
Aldosterone–renin ratio as screening test
Confirmatory test after positive ARR
Subtyping in primary aldosteronism: adrenal vein sampling or imaging?
Laparoscopic surgery and peri-operative management
Medical therapy of primary aldosteronism
Familial forms of primary aldosteronism
Conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 8. Familial hyperaldosteronism
Introduction
Pathophysiology of familial hyperaldosteronism
Subtypes of familial hyperaldosteronism
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 9. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hypertension
Introduction
Genetics of CAH (in general—all forms)
Pathophysiology of hypertension in CAH
11β-hydroxylase deficiency
17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Overtreatment of CAH
When to suspect of CAH in patients with hypertension
Future research
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 10. Endocrine hypertension: discovering the inherited causes
Introduction
Inherited disorders of endocrine hypertension
Monogenic hypertension associated with suppressed PAC and PRA
Monogenic hypertension associated with normal PAC and low PRA
Monogenic hypertension associated with high PAC and low PRA
Monogenic hypertension associated with elevated PAC and PRA
Monogenic hypertension associated with normal PAC and PRA
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 11. Pheochromocytomas and hypertension
Introduction
Molecular and genetic aspects of PCCs
Clinical presentation
Diagnostic workup
Management
Locoregional approaches
Systemic therapy
Follow-up
Areas of uncertainty/emerging concepts
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 12. Paragangliomas and hypertension
Introduction
Epidemiology of paragangliomas and hypertension
Pathophysiology of paraganglioma and hypertension
Genetics of paragangliomas
Clinical presentation
Biochemical investigations
Anatomical and functional imaging studies
Perioperative medical management of paragangliomas
Surgery for management of paragangliomas
Radionuclide therapy
Follow-up care of patients with paragangliomas
Management in special populations
Areas of uncertainty/emerging research
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 13. ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome
Introduction
Clinical presentation, screening, and diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome
Localization testing: distinguishing between ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome
Epidemiology of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome
Pathophysiology of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome
Antihypertensive therapy in Cushing's syndrome
Role of medical therapy for CS in the treatment of hypertension
Follow up of Cushing syndrome and hypertension
Summary
Learning points
Chapter 14. Adrenal Cushing's syndrome
Introduction
Causes and epidemiology of adrenal Cushing syndrome
Genetic syndromes associated with adrenal Cushing syndrome
Genetics of ACTH -independent Cushing syndrome
Clinical features
Pathophysiology of hypertension in adrenal Cushing syndrome
Investigations for adrenal CS
Treatment of adrenal CS
Long-term outcome of adrenal CS
Autonomous cortisol secretion in adrenal incidentaloma
Areas of uncertainty/emerging concepts
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 15. Hypertension in growth hormone excess and deficiency
GH and IGF-1 physiological effects
Acromegaly and hypertension
Hypertension phenotype and cardiovascular comorbidities
Screening for acromegaly in hypertensive patients
Treatment
Growth hormone deficiency and hypertension
Phenotype of AGHD and characteristics of blood pressure profile
Screening for AGHD
Treatment
Summary and closing remarks
Learning points
Chapter 16. Hypertension in thyroid disease and primary hyperparathyroidism
Introduction
Thyroid disease
Parathyroid disease
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 17. Obesity, insulin resistance, and obstructive sleep apnea
Introduction
Epidemiology of OSA
OSA and obesity
Diagnosis of OSA
Pathophysiology of OSA-related secondary hypertension
OSA and insulin resistance
Management of OSA
Conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 18. Endocrine hypertension in children
Introduction
Primary versus secondary hypertension in children
Endocrine hypertension in children
Clinical presentation of endocrine hypertension in children
Diagnostic approach to endocrine hypertension in children
Management of endocrine hypertension in children
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 19. Endocrine hypertension in pregnancy
Introduction
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 20. Imaging for patients with endocrine hypertension
Introduction
Summary and conclusions
Learning points
Chapter 21. Systematic approach to the diagnosis and management of endocrine hypertension
Introduction
Primary aldosteronism (PA)
Other mineralocorticoid forms of hypertension
Cushing's syndrome
Acromegaly
Thyroid disorders
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Renal artery stenosis and other rare forms of renin driven hypertension
Conclusion
Learning points
Index

Joseph M. Pappachan

Professor Pappachan M Joseph is a senior consultant Endocrinologist in the UK and honorary professor at the Manchester Metropolitan University. He is an associate editor to Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes & Healthcare, the World Journal of Diabetes, and TouchREVIEWS in Endocrinology. He is also in the editorial board member of the American Endocrine Society Journal – JCEM Case Reports, has fully edited multiple journal issues in the past, and is the lead editor to the Elsevier Textbook “Endocrine Hypertension: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice”. He has 135 scientific publications in his credit in peer reviewed journals and has several multinational research collaborations. His academic h-index is 35 with more than 4200 citations of his works to date. His research special interests include obesity, metabolic disorders including MAFLD, neuroendocrinology & parathyroid disorders.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK

Cornelius James Fernandez

Dr. Cornelius James Fernandez MD, MRCP is a consultant endocrinologist at Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK. He graduated from Kottayam Medical College, and underwent internal medicine postgraduate training from Coimbatore Medical College (India) with further specialist training in Endocrinology in the U.K. He is a review editor to “Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare” and scientific peer reviewer to several other medical journals. He has authored 35 peer reviewed scientific papers to date in different medical journals and actively involves in clinical research programs in his hospital. His research special interests include endocrine hypertension, diabetic foot disease and diabesity.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, UK

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